1960-1969 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1991 1992 1993 1994

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011

1970s. First report of environmental chemical effects on immune responses (dioxin, PCBs, lead, and cadmium).

2010. ImToxSS celebrates its 25th Anniversary. Pictured are past ImToxSS Presidents

2010. WHO/IPCS Harmonization Project drafted the guidance "Immunotoxicity Risk Assessment for Chemicals" and released it for public comment. The completed document is intended for use by regulatory authorities and other risk assessment bodies, industry, research institutions and others involved in chemical risk assessment.

2007-2010. Increased focus on clinical immunotoxicity and biomarkers for risk assessment of immunomodulators and biotherapeutics.

2005. First “speaker’s exchange” between the SOT IMTOX SS and the Japanese Society of Immunotoxicology(JSIT) was held at the University of Tokyo.

2006. “S8 ImmunotoxicityStudies for Human Pharmaceuticals”- from the International Conference on Harmonization -Guidance for Industry was released.

2000s. Knock out and transgenic mice began providing novel insights into mechanism.

1977. Seminal Manuscript by J.G. Vos, “Immune suppression as related to toxicology”, CRCCrit. Rev. Toxicol. 5:67-101, and was republished Immunotoxicology 4(3):175-200.

1980s. Studies on perinatal exposure took center stage, with interest also for effects on adult immunity.

1984. The first International Seminar on the Immunological System as a Target for Toxic Damage (1984 Commission of the European Communities), proceedings were published.

1980s. The AIDS epidemic hit and the immune system was recognized as the target—this era increased public awareness for the importance of the immune system for human health and contributed to increased funding for immunotoxicology research.

1985-1990. Multiple symposia were held on immunotoxic effects of environmental, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology agents and methods with which to study them. 1979. Williamsburg Conference, “Biological Relevance of Immune Suppression As Induced by Genetic, Therapeutic and

Environmental Factors” – 1st conference dedicated solely to Immunotoxicology. Proceedings published under same title.

1985. The Immunotoxicology Specialty Section was organized at the Society of Toxicology with over 50 founding members.

1980s. Cytokines captured the attention of the scientific and clinical communities and ushered in the beginnings of Molecular Immunology.

1989. Evaluation of Cytokine Toxicity in Animals and Man, Mechanisms of Immunotoxicity, Foundation of Immunotoxicology, Hampton, VA.

1989. “Issues for Clinically-Relevant Preclinical Toxicological Testing of Cytokines”, Spring Conference of the Immunotoxicology Discussion Group, Bethesda, MD.

1990. Workshop: “Initiatives in Immunotoxicology” held at the Fall meeting of the Immunotoxicology Discussion Group, Washington, DC.

1990.“Immunotoxicology and Drug Development: FDA Perspective,” was held as the Fall Symposium on Immunotoxicology under the leadership of the Mid-Atlantic Chapter SOT, Princeton, NJ.

1992. Immunotoxicity Technical Committee (ITC) was founded as part of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute.

1994. Immunotoxicity Testing and Risk Assessment, ILSI, Washington, DC.

1993. Use of Immunotoxicology Test Results for Human Health Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment, ILSI Immunotoxicology Technical Committee, Washington, DC.

1990s. Flow cytometry found widespread use and immune phenotyping expanded.

1990s. TCR/BCR signaling pathways were elucidated.

1990s. Molecular immunotoxicology grew with the development of tools such as RT-PCR gene expression.

1992. Proceeding from the 1st Summer School in Immunotoxicology held in Les Arcs, France, and later published in J Toxicol Clin Exp. 1992.1992. SOT CE Course: “Preclinical Safety Evaluation of

Biotechnology Products”, 31st Annual SOT Meeting.1993. The Immune System as a Target for Therapeutics and Chemicals, AAI/CIS Guest Society Scientific Session, Immunotoxicology Discussion Group, Denver, CO.

1994. The Japanese Society of Immunotoxicology (JSIT) was founded as a small researchers’ society and Dr. Hiroshi Nagura was named founding President.

1994. Conference: “Updates on Immunopharmacology & Immunotoxicology”, NCAC-SOT and AGT, Bethesda, MD.

1995. FDA Intramural Immunology Workshop, Gaithersburg, MD.

1995. NIH/NIEHS issues RFP 95-22: “ Potential for Environmental and Therapeutic Agents to Induce Immunotoxicity”.

1995. FDA-version of International Standard ISO-10993, "Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices-Part 1: Evaluation and Testing“. It provides an overview of the types of toxicity testing that should be considered for a medical device or constituent materials.

1995. US Congressional-mandated report for “Review of Chemicals in Commerce-Immunotoxiciy Assessment”.

1996. Immunotoxicology and Chemical Allergy Specialty Section (ITCASS) was founded as a branch of The Association of European Toxicologists and European Societies of Toxicology (EUROTOX).

1997. EPA published Immunotoxicology testing guidelines.

1999. FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health of FDA published guidance.

1999. Clinical Immunology Society Symposium: “Effects of the Environment on Immune Function”, Experimental Biology 99, Washington, DC.

1999. FDA published ImmunotoxicologyTesting Guidance to provide FDA reviewers and manufacturers with a systematic approach for evaluating potential adverse immunological effects of medical devices and constituent materials.

2001. First Consensus Workshop on Methods in Developmental Immunotoxicology.

2002. Note for Guidance on Repeated Dose Toxicity (CPMP/SWP/1042/99) was published with an Appendix mandating specific immunotoxic screening for pharmaceuticals.

2002. CDER/FDA released “Guidance for Industry: Immunotoxicology Evaluation of InvestigationalNew Drugs” describing potential adverse immune effects that may result from exposure to chemicals and should be considered for safety-testing.

2003. Conference was held to reach consensus regarding the appropriate methods to assess developmental immunotoxicology (DIT) for hazard identification, including under what conditions such testing might be required, Washington DC .

2000s. Methods were optimized for the evaluation of immunotoxicological testing in nonhuman primates.

2000s. Microarray global gene expression studies were the next big thing and the beginning of a role for epigeneticsin chemical effects on immune responses and the potential use of toxicogenomics in immunotoxicology.2004. Journal of

Immunotoxicology publishes its first issue.

1978. Drug Safety Gordon Research Conference—Invited session on Immunotoxicology. Lasting two days, this was a signal of genuine recognition by the toxicology community of our newly developing area of science.

President Jack Dean CIIT

Vice President Loren Koller Univ. of Idaho

Vice President-Elect Donald Gardner Northrop Services, Inc.

Secretary-Treasurer Nancy Kerkvliet Oregon State Univ.

Councilor Albert Munson Medical College of VA

Councilor Peter Bick Medical College of VA

Councilor Edwin Buehler Hill Top Research, Inc

Immunotoxicology Specialty Section (ImToxSS) 2010–2011 Executive Committee

Leigh Ann Burns NaasPresident

Rodney Dietert Vice President

Gregory LadicsVice President-Elect

Jacintha ShentonSecretary/ Treasurer

Jean RegalPast President

Kazuichi NakamuraJunior Councilor

Wendy KomocsarSenior Councilor

Jennifer FrankoPost-Doc. Rep.

Xiaochu ZhangStudent Rep.

Late ‘90s. During this era, there was recognition of the importance of developmental and pediatric immunotoxicology.

DoriGermolec

16th

President

Scott Burchiel

13th President

Peter Thomas

12th

President

Daniel Wierda

11th

President

Kathleen Rodgers

14th President

Judith Zelikoff

15th

President

MaryJaneSelgrade

17th

President

Robert House

18th

President

Thomas Kawabata

19th

President

Ken Hastings

21st

President

Mitchell Cohen

22nd

President

Bob Luebke

20th

President

Leigh Ann Burns Naas

26th

President

Jean Regal 25th

President

Stephen Pruett

23rd

President

Jeanine Bussiere

24th

President

1960s. Effects of chemotherapeutics on the immune system (bone marrow depletion, immune suppression) showed that the immune system can be a target of ‘chemicals’.

1991. First Immunotoxicology chapter published in Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons by Dean J.H., & Murray M.

2000s. Increased focus of chemicals, drugs and devices on autoimmunity.Many labs worked to develop models to screen hazards in this area.

1992. Potential of Human Biomonitoring for Assessing Immunotoxicity was the subject of an Immunotoxicology Discussion Group (IDG), St. Louis, MO.

1991. “Animal Models In Immunotoxicology,” Immunotoxicology Discussion Group , RTP, NC.

1995. Modulators of Immune Responses: The Evolutionary Trail, Breckenridge, CO, July, 1995 (Judy Zelikoff was one of the organizers).

Loren Koller

2nd

President

Edwin Buehler

4th

President

Jerry Exon

5th

President

Albert Munson

7th

President

Nancy Kerkvliet

8th

President

Lawrence Schook

9th

President

Michael Luster

10th

President

Peter Bick6th

President

Jack Dean

Founding President

Donald Gardner

3rd

President

2001. A few of the founders of the field of immunotoxicology at an SOT ImToxSS reception (left to right: Drs. M. Luster, A. Munson, J. Dean, and J. Vos).

1980s. Evolution and validation of a battery of assays for immunotoxicity testing; beginning of mechanism studies (role of Ah receptor; selectivity for T cells vs B cells vs macrophages).

1970s. Discovery and characterization of cyclosporine-the first immunosuppressive chemical to selectively target the immune system. Recognition followed that the chemical industry should test for effects of products on the immune system beyond allergic potential.

Science. 1976 Apr 16;192(4236):240-3

1975-1985. NIEHS studied the immunobiological and toxicological effects of polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) contamination in the food chain of Michigan livestock following a mix up at the Michigan Chemical Co. that manufactured both FireMaster (PBB containing fire retardant) and NutriMaster (cattle feed supplement). As a result, over 500 contaminated Michigan farms were quarantined, and approximately 30,000 cattle, 4,500 swine, 1,500 sheep, and 1.5 million chickens were destroyed, along with over 800 tons of animal feed, 18,000 pounds of cheese, 2,500 pounds of butter, 5 million eggs, and 34,000 pounds of dried milk products. Human peripheral lymphocyte numbers and function were studied.

1981. The first NIH/NIEHS contracts were awarded for the development & validation of methods in immunotoxicology, going to A. Munson, et al., Medical College of Virginia, and P. Thomas, et al., Illinois Institute of Technology (J. Dean, Project Officer). There was a major focus during the next 10 years on methods of validation and qualification.

MaryJane Selgrade

6th

recipient

Jacques Descotes

10th

recipient

Michael Holsapple

9th

recipient

Henk Van Loveren

8th

recipient

Michael Luster

2nd

recipient

Jeff Vos4th

recipient

Jack Dean

1st

recipient

Ian Kimber

5th

recipient

Nancy Kerkvliet

7th

recipient

Al Munson

3rd

recipient

Vos Career Achievementin Immunotoxicology

Award Winners

IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY: 26 YEARS OF GLOBAL SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS

1991. CE Course: “Advanced Immunology”, 30th Annual SOT Meeting.

2010-2011 Ad Hoc Committee

Immunotoxicology Poster to Celebrate the

50th Anniversary of the SOTGoal: Construct and present a poster to highlight/celebrate the achievements of our discipline over the past 26 years.

------------------------

Susan McKarns, chairman

Nancy Kerkvliet, co-chair & Past-president, 1992-93

Jack Dean, Past-president, 1985–86

Kathleen Rodgers, Past-president, 1998–99

Mitchell Cohen, Past-president, 2006–07

Jean Regal, Past-president 2009-10

Leigh Ann Burns Nass, President, 2010-11

Jean Phau, member-at-large

Paige Lawrence, member-at-large

Jennifer Franko, 2010-11 Post-Doc Rep

Xiaochu Zhang, 2010-11 Student Rep

Rachel Palmer, student-at-large, Gross Lab

Priya Raman, student-at-large, Kaminski Lab

Jacob Dey, student-at-large, McKarns Lab

Michael Bonn, student-at-large, McKarns Lab

Rio Schondelmeyer, student-at-large, McKarns Lab

We sincerely thank Dr. Michael Luster for the contribution of photographs.

International Conference on Immunotoxicology Testing ProtocolsWorld Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1978).

Conference on Developing Strategies for Immunotoxicology Testing in Humans. World Health Organization, Bilthoven at RIVM (1998).

1991. Symposium: “Indirect Mechanisms of Immune Modulation”, 30th Annual SOT Mtg.