IMMUNE SYSTEM

By: Camila Miranda, Simran Singh & Jennifer Soto

Period 3, Biology

Organs of the Immune System~ Functions

• The tonsils and adenoids main function is to trap the bacteria and virus that you may breathe in. The immune cells that are located inside each of these organs help kill the germs to prevent throat and lung infections.

• The thymus matures the T cells that leave the bone marrow. T cells attack infected cells or viruses.

• Bone marrow creates blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells.

Organs of the Immune System~ Functions

• The spleen manufactures antibodies, removes harmful microorganisms from blood and gets rid of old blood.

• The lymph nodes clean pathogens from the lymph that was collected from tissue fluid so it could be returned to the circulatory system.

• Lymph vessels carry blood or lymph fluid back to the bloodstream, they are part of the lymph nodes. They are critical to the response of the immune system.

Organs of the Immune System~ Functions

The spleen

The Lymph Node

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

• Autoimmune diseases attacks your healthy cells in your body by mistake.

• In Type 1 diabetes, the immune systems attacks beta cells in the immune system, and destroys them.

• The body can no longer make insulin to regulate the blood glucose concentration.

• In order to treat diabetes, people need to inject themselves with insulin to stabilize their blood.

Asthma

• Immune system fights “invaders” to protect the lungs, when in contact with something you’re allergic to.

• It triggers immune system to make you cough, wheeze, produce mucus, and feel chest tightness and shortness of breath.

• These symptoms often cause asthma attacks.

• Asthma can be treated with medication such as an inhaler to prevent attack and congestion.

Autoimmune Polyglandular

Syndrome Type 1

o Inherited condition that affects many of the body’s organs.

o A disorder occurred when the body malfunctions and attacks the body tissues and organs by mistake.

oSigns and symptoms of this disorder begin in childhood or adolescence. Three features of this disease are: mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison disease.

oTreatments depend on the organ it affects. Medication ranges from Vitamin D to Iv fluids & IV steroids.

Appendix• The appendix acts as a

storehouse for good bacteria, helping the digestive system after diarrheal illness.

• It is located at the junction of the small intestine and the large intestine.

Spleen• The spleen is a high vascular organ, that contain many vessels that carry and circulate fluids in your body.

•Found in the upper left region of abdomen, behind the stomach.

• The spleen acts as a filter for your blood. It removes old, malformed, or damaged blood cells. When blood is flows into the spleen, the red blood cells will pass throw a narrow passage. The healthy blood cells will go through, and continue circulating through your bloodstream. The damaged blood cells will be broken down in the spleen by white blood cells specialized in destroying damaged blood cells.

Peyer’s Patches

• Peyer’s patches are small clusters of lymphoid tissues scattered throughout the mucous membrane lining of the small intestines.

• Located in the mucosa extending into the submucosa of the small intestine ileum.

• Peyer’s patches help fight off diseases.

Quiz1. Where is the spleen located?

a) Upper right region of abdomen, behind the stomach.b) Lower right region of abdomen, in front of the stomach.c) Lower left region of abdomen, behind the stomach.d) Upper left region of abdomen, behind the stomach.

2. What is the main function of the adenoids and the tonsils?a) Break down food.b) Traps bacteria and viruses that are harmful, and might breathe in.c) To cause lung and throat infections.d) Prevent stomach pain.

3. What does the spleen manufacture?a) Antibodies.b) Bacteria.c) Diseases.d) Cancer.

Quiz4. What is asthma?

a) A disorder occurred when the body malfunctions and attacks the body tissues and organs by mistake.

b) The immune system attacks beta cells in the immune system, and destroys them.

c) Immune system fights “invaders” to protect the lungs, when in contact with something you’re allergic to.

d) Small clusters of lymphoid tissues scattered throughout the mucous membrane lining of the small intestines.

5. What are some symptoms caused by the Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome?

e) Mucocutaneous Candidiasis, Hypoparathyroidism, and Addison disease.

f) Tay-sachs disease.

g) Down syndrome.

h) Huntington’s disease.

Quiz6. What does your body stop making when you have Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus?

a) Chromosomes.b) Blood cells.c) Antibodies.d) Insulin.

7. What is the job for lymph vessels?e) Carry blood back to the bloodstream.f) Carry proteins to the organs.g) Break down the blood cells.h) Transport antibodies into the lymph nodes.

8. What is the job for lymph nodes?i) Carries out damaged blood, and breaks it down.j) Filters the blood.k) Clean pathogens from the lymph that was collected from tissue fluid so

it could be returned to the circulatory system.l) Collects blood cells, and is used as a storage.

Quiz9. What is the spleen?

a) High vascular organ, that contain many vessels that carry and circulate fluids in your body.

b) A disorder occurred when the body malfunctions and attacks the body tissues and organs by mistake.

c) It triggers immune system to make you cough, wheeze, produce mucus, and feel chest tightness and shortness of breath.

d) Autoimmune diseases attack your healthy cells in your body by mistake.

10. Bone marrow creates __________?e) Chromosomes.f) Proteins.g) Blood cells, Platelets, and White Blood Cells. h) Tissues.  

Bibliography• Internet Site

Fighting Asthma. Dr. Ronald Hoffman. http://www.drhoffman.com/page.cfm/113.

• Internet Site

Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Service. May 1994 http://www.diabetesnet.com/about-diabetes/types-diabetes/type-1-diabetes.

• Internet Site

Immune and Lymphatic Systems. Inner Body. 1999. http://www.innerbody.com/image/lympov.html.

• Internet Site

Bone Marrow and Immune System. About Kids Health. 12 February 2010. http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/ResourceCentres/BloodandMarrowTransplant/AboutBloodandMarrowTransplants/Pages/BoneMarrowandtheImmuneSystem.aspx.

Bibliography• Internet Site

Peyer’s Patches. Inner Body. 1999. http://www.innerbody.com/anatomy/immune-lymphatic/peyers-patches.

• Internet Site

Immune System. The Body. October 2008. http://www.thebody.com/content/art1788.html.

• Book (By 1 Author)

Stewart, Gregory. The Immune System. Philadelphia, Pensylavnia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2004.

• Magazine Article

Yandell, Kate. “Immune System Kills Cancer” The Scientist. 27 March 2013.