immigration, integration. wwi: « native » troops recruited into french army temporary...
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Week Three: AlgeriaImmigration, Integration
WWI: « native » troops recruited into French army
Temporary immigrationAlgeria major settler colonyLand expropriation
France and Algeria
Prior to independence (1962) French nationals
Subjects, not citizens100,000 in 1924Mining, iron, steel, car manufacture
Marseilles, Lyons, St Etienne, Strasbourg, Paris
France and Algeria
Stage 1: temporary, economic support to families
WWII: Statute of Algeria (1947): full citizenship for Algerian men
Unregulated passage between Algeria and France
Français-musulmans d’Algérie
France and Algeria
Stage 2: post-19471956: 300,000 Algerians in France
Poor living conditions, shanty towns.
France and Algeria
Algerian War of Independence (1954-62)
FLN (Front de Libération Nationale) funded through taxes on Algerians in France.
Represssive reaction in France
Reinforced support for FLN
France and Algeria
Maurice Papon 1958: organised repression of FLN
October 1961: curfewPeaceful demonstrations attacked
Over 50 Algerians killed by security forces
France and Algeria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csZNUHNg-VM
1962: Accord d’Evian – Algerian Independence
1965: 500,000 Algerian nationals in France
Restrictions introduced in 1970s – end of Les Trente Glorieuses
Algerian presence temporary?
France and Algeria
Public housing restrictionsSegregated accommodation« Overseeing » of Algerian community by former colonial police
France and Algeria
1975-85: 2nd generation Algerians
Stereotyping of young males and women
Spatial dynamics: public housing estates and banlieues
Exhortation to « integrate »
France and Algeria
Ambiguity over nationalityBeurs = arabe = a-ra-be = beur
Islamic counter-cultureBeurgoisie
France and Algeria
HarkisFled Algeria in 1962Interned in camps in rural France
France and Algeria
http://www.histoire-immigration.fr/histoire-de-l-immigration/le-film
Mid 19th Century: 2.5% foreigners (Savoyards)
1901: 4% (80% Italians)Construction, manual work (glove-making)
1921: 7.7%1931: 18% (national average 7%)
Grenoble: a multicultural city
St Laurent – rue Chenoise - Rue Très Cloître
Drop after 1931 1946: 8,2%St Laurent: 90% Italian
82% Manual or skilled workers
Grenoble: a multicultural city
Shift in population: Portugueses, Spanish, North African
Progression southwards, Echirolles, Villeneuve
Largest English-speaking population outside Paris
2010: 15.6% foreigners (5.8% North Africans)
Grenoble: a multicultural city
http://www.tres-cloitres.org/?page_id=18
Grenoble: a multicultural city
Grenoble: a multicultural city
Grenoble: a multicultural city
Grenoble: a multicultural city
Grenoble: a multicultural city
No recognition of individuals according to racial criteria
Nationals ≠non-nationalsRemain foreign, become French
Immigration, integration
Filiation = droit du sangNo droit du solFrench if one parent born in France = double droit du sol
Algeria: French if one parent born in Algeria before independence
Nationality Legislation
Foreign born children can become French if parents naturalized
Residency in France for more than 5 years
4 years of marriage
Nationality Legislation
2011: applicants justify assimilation into French community
Test of assimilation, sign charter
Nationality Legislation
Immigration Figures
Immigration Figures
Immigration Figures
Immigration Figures