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Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, "Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of determination and courage to use that intelligence without another's guidance." What did Kant mean by this? Have you ever noticed what Kant said in your everyday life? Explain.

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Which object is at the center of the solar system? What is the process by which plants use the energy of light to make food? What is the smallest unit of an animal that can still perform all life functions? Which blood cells carry oxygen in the blood? (red or white) Which blood cells protect the body against bacteria and viruses? (red or white) What is the largest organ of the body? What is the longest bone in the body? What is the largest animal? In a vacuum (an area absent of air), which would fall faster a hammer or a feather? What is the fastest land animal? How many bones does a shark have? How many bones in the human body?

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Page 1: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that,

"Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of determination and courage to use that intelligence without another's

guidance."

What did Kant mean by this? Have you ever noticed what Kant said in your everyday life? Explain.

Page 2: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What is your Science IQ?

Page 3: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

• Which object is at the center of the solar system?• What is the process by which plants use the energy of light

to make food?• What is the smallest unit of an animal that can still

perform all life functions?• Which blood cells carry oxygen in the blood? (red or white)

• Which blood cells protect the body against bacteria and viruses? (red or white)

• What is the largest organ of the body?• What is the longest bone in the body?• What is the largest animal?• In a vacuum (an area absent of air), which would fall faster

a hammer or a feather?• What is the fastest land animal?• How many bones does a shark have?• How many bones in the human body?

Page 4: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

• Which object is at the center of the solar system? SUN• What is the process by which plants use the energy of light

to make food? PHOTOSYNTHESIS• What is the smallest unit of an animal that can still

perform all life functions? CELLS• Which blood cells carry oxygen in the blood? RED• Which blood cells protect the body against bacteria and

viruses? WHITE• What is the largest organ of the body? SKIN• What is the longest bone in the body? FEMUR• What is the largest animal? BLUE WHALE• In a vacuum (an area absent of air), which would fall faster

a hammer or a feather? FALL AT SAME RATE• What is the fastest land animal? CHEETAH• How many bones does a shark have? NONE• How many bones in the human body? 206

Page 5: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

The Enlightenment

Page 6: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What was the Enlightenment?

• The Enlightenment was an eighteenth-century intellectual movement whose followers believed that human beings could apply a critical, reasoning spirit to every problem.

Page 7: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Where did it come from?

• The Enlightenment had its roots in what was known as the Scientific Revolution of the 1500’s and 1600’s.

• The Scientific Revolution represented a secular (non-religious), scientific method of determining the laws of nature.

Page 8: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What was the Scientific Revolution?

Radical change in thinking about the natural world based

on questioning and observations.

Page 9: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Inventions that led to new discoveries in science.

• Telescope: Galileo• Microscope: Anton Leeuwenhoek• Thermometer: Gabriel Fahrenheit and

Anders Celsius• Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli

Page 10: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What was the center of the Universe?

Page 11: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View• Geocentric Theory:• Earth Centered

Theory• Church and bible

approved

Page 12: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution View• Heliocentric Theory:• Sun centered theory• Theory proposed by

Copernicus, supported by Galileo and Kepler

• Angered church

Page 13: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

How do planets move?

Page 14: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View• Planets move in

Perfect circles.• Planets move the

same speed no matter where they are in relation to the sun.

Page 15: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution View

• Planets move in elliptical orbits.

• Planets move fastercloser to sun.How quick planets

move around the sun depends on their distance from sun. Keplerian Theory

Page 16: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What methods of discovery did they have?

Page 17: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View

• Relied on Ancient Greek and Romans

• Relied on the word of the Bible

Page 18: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution View• Scientific Method1. State Question2. Form Hypothesis

(guess)3. Experiment4. Look at data and form

conclusion.

Page 19: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Which falls faster; heavy or light objects?

Page 20: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View

• Thought heavy objects fell faster than lighter objects.

Page 21: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution Views

• Galileo discovered objects fall at the same speed.

• Sir Isaac Newton later explained why with his laws of motion and universal gravity.

Page 22: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

But why does a feather fall slower than a hammer?

• Because of wind resistance. If there was no air, objects would fall at a constant speed.

Page 23: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What did they know about human anatomy?

Page 24: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View• Thought human

anatomy was the same as animals such as pigs, sheep, goats, and apes.

• Knowledge from Ancient Greek Physician Galen, who only dissected animals.

Page 25: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution View• Vesalius showed

human anatomy was different than animals’ anatomy.

• His book, On the Fabric of the Human Body, illustrated the body.

Page 26: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

How did blood flow through the body?

Page 27: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View• Thought blood

flowed from the liver.

*Actually, the liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. It produces bile for digestion.

Page 28: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution View

• English doctor William Harvey, showed blood flowed through the heart since it was a pump that circulated blood through the body.

Page 29: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

What were the planet’s made of?

Page 30: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Middle Ages View• Thought the earth

was made of impure materials.

• Thought the moon and the stars were made of pure, eternal substances that were smooth and perfect

No they did not believe the moon was made of Cheese. That was only you!

Page 31: Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher of the 18th century once wrote that, Human ignorance is not caused by the lack of intelligence but from the lack of

Scientific Revolution Views• With the use of the

telescope astronomers found the sun has dark spots and the moon’s surface is rough and uneven.


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