CHAPTER 14 THE RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

SECTION 1 THE RENAISSANCE SPREADSilwrestler

world historyPeriod 5

A. The Renaissance In Europe

Two major features of the Italian Renaissance were acceptance of non religious attitudes and study of Greek and Roman cultures.

A. The Renaissance in Europe

A Fresh Out Look During the. Renaissance, period people became very interested in

the world around them Scholars became very interested in the writings of the ancient

Greeks and Romans. Renaissance leaders supported freedom of the individual and

encouraged positive attitudes toward the human body.

A. Renaissance in Europe

The Renaissance Begins Italy had been the center of the ancient

Roman empire at the time. The Renaissance began in Italy. Northern Italy was one of the first to see the

growth of towns and cities.

A. Renaissance in Europe Renaissance Figures in the Arts

An early Renaissance writer Franseco Petrerca known as Petrarch began writing around 1337.

The Painter Giotto painted life like, expressive figures.

Another Painter Brunelleschi created a big accomplishment which was the huge eight sided cathedral in Florence Italy.

A. Renaissance In Erurope

Humanism

For Renaissance poets historians, artists and scholars, the classics written works of Greek and roman scholars were an important source of inspiration.

The humanist searched out manuscripts written in Greek and Latin.

Printing helped the important texts of ancient Greece and Rome.

B. Italian Renaissance Writers

During this period important contributions to science art politics and manners were made by people such as Leonardo da Vinci, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Baldassare Castiglone.

B. Italian Renaissance Writers

Machiavelli and Government

Niccolo Machiavelli held many positions in Government.

Machiavelli’s most famous book was The Prince.

The book was based on what Machiavelli had learned about politics in Italy.

B. Italian Renaissance Writers

The Writing of Castiglione

Another influential book of the Italian

Renaissance was The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione.

Castiglione’s book was a best seller. His book was translated into French, German,

Spanish, Russian and English.

C. Italian Renaissance Artists

The arts, including painting, sculpture, and architecture, flourished during the Renaissance.

C. Italian Renaissance Artists

Leonardo Da Vinci as Renaissance Man

Da Vinci created a great master pieces such as The Last Supper.

Da Vinci was most widely known as a painter.

Da Vinci was also a sculptor, a mathmatician, an architect, and a scientist.

C. Italian Renaissance Artists

Painting

Two other well known painters of the Renaissance were Michelangelo Buonarrotti and Raphael Sanzio. Michelangelo moved to

Rome at a young age.

The Sistine Chapel is Michelangelos most famous work.

C. Italian Renaissance Artists

Sculpture and Architecture

In the Middle ages most sculptures were created primarily for the great Cathedrals.

During the Renaissance however sculptors began to create free standing statues.

The influence of Greece and Rome was also noticeable in Renaissance architecture.

Chapter 14: The Renaissance and Reformation Section II:The Renaissance Spreads

!.Light- skinned Barbie.!World History

Period 5

A. The European Renaissance Spreads Outside Italy

During the 1500s, the Renaissance spread across northern and western Europe.

A. The European Renaissance Spreads Outside Italy

Johann Gutenberg and the Printing Press› By 1600, The Courtier,

had been translated into many European languages and printed in more than 100 editions.

› The invention of the Printing Press around 1450 by Germany’s Johann Gutenberg was one of the most important.

› Gutenberg developed an efficient way of printing with movable type.

A. The European Renaissance Spreads Outside ItalyThe Spread of Ideas› The ideas of the

Renaissance also were carried outside Italy by Italian artists who traveled to other countries.

› Leonardo Da Vinci, for example, spent his final years in France as a painter, engineer, and architect to King Francis I.

› Visitors to Renaissance Italy often carried home their respect for Italy’s ancient civilization and its artistic discoveries.

B. Northern Renaissance Writers› Northern Renaissance writers made

important contributions.

B. Northern Renaissance WritersErasmus Spreads Humanism› When Erasmus reached

England, he lived for a time in the house of his friend, Thomas More.

› He spent many years in Italy where he studied Greek.

› Erasmus was a also humanist, a person who wants to deal with the problems people face in this life rather than in the next one.

B. Northern Renaissance WritersFrancois Rabelais A generation after

Erasmus, the French humanist Francois Rabelais used a humorous tone in his work Gargantua and Pantagruel.

Erasmus’s tone in his work, however, was mild and restrained.

Rabelais, who had trained for both the priesthood and medicine, made fun of greed, clerical abuses, and the educational system.

B. Northern Renaissance WritersMontaigne’s Personal Essays Among the topics he

discussed were education, friendship, suffering, politics, death, freedom, and nature.

Montaigne’s father loved Renaissance values and ideals.

He also made sure that young Michel would awaken every morning to the pleasing sound of music.

B. Northern Renaissance WritersCervantes and the First

European Novel After an action-packed

career as a soldier, Cervantes settled down to write poems, plays, and stories.

The hero, Don Quixote fights against windmills, thinking they are evil giants.

Don Quixote, has a good heart but does many foolish things as he tries to imitate the brave knights he has read about.

C. Northern Renaissance ArtistsAchievements in the art, were made when

the Renaissance spread to northern Europe.

C. Northern Renaissance ArtistsFlemish Painters Jan Van Eyck was the

first great Flemish Renaissance painter.

One important school of art was located in Flanders, a region of Belgium.

Peter Paul Rubens was another outstanding artist of the northern Renaissance.

C. Northern Renaissance ArtistsDürer Invents the Woodcut Dürer’s father apprenticed him

to a local artist, where young Durer quickly mastered the technique of designing woodcuts.

Engravings are images carved onto metal plates with a sharp tool.

Dürer then traveled to Venice there he discovered new artistic styles and new forms of expressions that were different from those in his native country.

D. The English Renaissance

English writers made great contributions to the Renaissance.

D. The English Renaissance

Renaissance Models: Thomas More and Philip Sidney

Sir Philip Sidney brought together the style and accomplishments of the Renaissance gentlemen in England.

Sidney is remembered for his series of sonnets called Astrophel and Stella.

They were two men who lived almost a century apart, Thomas More and Philip Sidney, summed up the spirit of the English Renaissance.

D. The English Renaissance

Shakespeare, Playwright and Poet

Shakespeare also shared the Renaissance interest in classical Greek and Roman texts.

The one play that he wrote Romeo and Juliet takes place in Verona, Italy.

Shakespeare also wrote comedies, histories, romances, and poems of all sorts.

Chapter14:The Renaissance and Reformation

Section3:The Reformation The Baby dollWorld History

Period 5

A. Cause of the Reformation

Main Idea: Like the Renaissance, this movement was local at first but soon spread throughout Europe.

A:Cause of the Reformation Religious, Social, and

Political Factors› The Roman Catholic Church

was deeply in debt by the late 1400s.

› The Church also owned huge amounts of land, and many Church officials had become used to a life of luxury.

› The Renaissance, with its emphasis on the individual and on human potential, increased people’s desire for change within the Church.

A:Cause of the Reformation The Spread of Knowledge

› One of the most important factor leading to the Reformation was the invention of printing press by Johann Gutenberg, which you read about earlier.

› The Gutenberg bible was one of the mot celebrated products of Gutenberg press.

› The Reformers called on all Christians to read and interpret the bible for themselves.

A:Cause of the Reformation The Challenge of Martin Luther King

› The Reformation began on October 31,1517, when a young monk named Martin Luther posted 95 theses, or statements, on a church door in Wittenberg, Germany.

› Martin Luther had originally studied to be a lawyer but then entered a monastery to become a priest.

› Luther also citizied the luxury and abuse of the clergy. He argued that the clergy should be allowed to marry. Finally, he issued a call that church authorities found especially threatening .He urged the German princess to enforce reform by, in effect, taking over the Church in Germany.

B: The Spread of Protestantism

Main Idea: Martin Luther’s challenge to the Church spread rapidly.

B:The Spread of Protestantism

Calvinism› Calvinism refers to the

beliefs and practices of the followers of French theologian John Calvin.

› During the 1540s, Calvin set up a religious community in Geneva, Switzerland.

› Calvin placed restrictions on activities such as gambling,singing,dancing,and drinking alcohol.

B:The Spread of Protestantism

The English Reformation › The course of the Reformation in England was

different from its spread on the European continent.› King Henrys wife didn’t give him the son he wanted

so he divorced from her.› When Henry died 1547, his son Edward IV took over

the throne.

C:Catholics Respond to the Reformation

Main Idea: The Roman Catholic Church faced the urgent task of responding to the task of the Reformation.

C: Catholic Respond to the Reformation

The Council of Trent› Pope Paul III called a meeting of Church leaders to

define the official Church position on matters of doctrine ,or policy.

› The Council of Trent also acted to end the abuses within the Church.

› Roman Catholic of beliefs still put the Church in collision.

C: Catholic Respond to the Reformation

Spreading Catholicism› Pope Paul gave

permission to Ignatius of Loyola, a Spanish soldier-turned-priest.

› All Jesuits were also required to take a special oath of obedience.

› She became an important role model for the Church’s new spirit.