Ilan Havered, Vice President

Emergency Operations Need Synchronized Time

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

2

Hard Problems in Public Safety• Critical need for better collaboration (post 9/11)

• Interoperability: Local PD, FD, 911; State; DHS, DoD• Critical need for faster responses

• Regionally: Katrina• Locally: heart attack victims (cardiologists reducing benchmarks for time to

diagnosis and treatment)• Disaster planning: secondary center, command vehicles, virtual PSAP

(back-up and redundancy)• Heightened public visibility and expectations, media scrutiny• Litigation (records accuracy)• In-bound 911 calls (data) coming in many ways

• Traditional: Voice, TTY/TTD, Multi-lingual• Current: Wireless Phase 1, Phase 2; Telematics• Next: VoIP, Text, Chat, Pictures, Video…

• Consolidation of PD, FD, EMS dispatching centers• Network convergence, next-gen PSAP

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

3

Example of a ‘No-No’

• Physical Security system says “12:22:29”

• Display Clock says “12:16”

• Which one is correct

(A medical center’s Public Safety Center)

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

4

Public Safety Time Synchronization• Two most important issues for PSAP calls include:

• Consistency• Credibility of the time stamp attached to each of the

9-1-1 event records

• Accurate time stamps for:• Event reconstruction• Process improvement • Legal evidence of emergency response times for court

• Using a legally traceable time reference (master clock/time server) provides this for the PSAP and its Public Safety partners (EOC, PD, FD, EMS….)

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

5

Synchronizing Critical OperationsTM

• Key Processes Needing Synchronization:• Call taking and recording• Dispatching• Referrals – handoffs to other centers• Advanced EMS over the phone• Incident command & coordination - NIMS• Coordination with Federal including DHS and DoD• Personnel shift changes• Database backups• Scheduled maintenance such as Back-up Generator• PSAP security systems recording of video• Quality metrics, process improvement, training

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

6

“One of the still-unanswered questions is the timing of when help was summoned. It would appear that as much as seven minutes may have elapsed after Smith began convulsing and before the Monroe County Emergency Communication Department received the call.

But the discrepancy between what police say was an ‘immediate’ call to 911 and what emergency records show could be explained by the agencies involved using different clocks.”

—Monroe County, Rochester, NY

The PSAP had time synchronization. The jail now has time synchronization.

Heightened PublicAwareness

An inmate was dying. A delayed call to PSAP was made to 10-digit PSAP Number.

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

7

Time is Unambiguous• Time has been measured astronomically - forever

• Therefore 1 second = 1/86,400 of a day• Defined as GMT by “treaty of the meter” with 24 time zones offsets so

noon is always mid-day• By international treaty in 1972, the definition of official worldwide

time changed to UTC• Atomic properties of the cesium-133 atom

• 1 second = 9,192,631,770 cycles of an energy transition• Maintained by BIPM (France)• Contributed to by NMIs (NIST in USA)

• UTC is absolute: the same no matter where you are located• Suppose the UTC is now 00:2:00• I know the UTC offset for New York is -5 (plus any seasonal adjustment)• Therefore, it is 21:00:00 in New York

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

8

Regulations and best practice requirements

Time Accuracy

10,000 sec/day 0.5 sec/day1-10 sec/day 10 nanosec/day 0.1 nanosec/day

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

9

Time Synchronization

Device Clock

AuthorityMaster Clock

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

10

Master Clock SynchronizationAuthority

GNSS

Internet Time ServicesRadio Serv

ices:

DC77, MSF

Dial-upServices

• In the North America GPS is the standard for providing legally traceable time

• Accurate• Reliable• Redundant• Available everywhere• Traceable

• Dial-up service is a reliable back-up to GNSS or as primary in cases where GNSS deployment is impossible

• Urban canyon applications• Reliable • Available in other countries as ITU-R

services• Traceable• Long distance call

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

11

Device Clock Synchronization

Network Time Protocol (NTP)

DHCP Server

Syslog Server

LDAP or RADIUS Server

Network Management

Legacy Computer

Alarms

Legacy Infrastructure

Recorders

Next Gen InfrastructureNetwork Devices

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

12

Evolution of the Network-Centric NetClock

8182 NetClock/2

WWVB master clock

Serial timecodes

IRIG

8183 NetClock

GPS master clock

Add-on NTP time server

Frequency output

9183 NetClock

Built-in NTP

Web UI

SSL/SSH

SNMPv3

CE

9283 NetClock

DHCP

Pv6

NTPv4

Syslog

RADIUS/LDAP

IPSec

UL

IP Capable

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

13

Public Safety Time Synchronization• NENA PSAP Master

Clock Standard: (04-002)

• Defines where time is sourced from, how it supports PSAP

• Time source must provide CONTINUOUS time data to ALL equipment systems in the facility, including CAD, ANI/ALI, Voice/Logging Recorders, Radio Consoles, etc.

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

14

Master Clock Synchronizes all Electronic Device Clocks

• ANI-ALI Controllers• Voice Logging Recorders• Radio Consoles• CAD Systems• Management Information

Reporting System• Emergency Notification System• Network Management System• Radio test equipment• Computer/Networks including:

email server, network router

• Wall Clocks • Time and Attendance System• PSAP Physical Security Video

Recorder (CCTV), Building Access Control

• Scheduled Fire Dept. “Noon Whistle” via contact relay connection

• PBX Systems for tracking administrative calls

• Other departments or agencies in the County, City, Borough, Town, etc.

All displaying the same time/date. All logging the same time/date.

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

15

PSAP Synchronized Communications Center

Co

mp

an

y C

on

fid

en

tia

l

16

NENA Compliant

GPS Master ClockNetClock® Model 9283

Front Panel• 10/100BaseT Ethernet Port

• NTP timing• Network management

• LEDs indicate Power, GPS status• Dual front panel clocks / displaysInside• 12-channel GPS receiver• Stratum 1 NTP Server• Oscillator options provide holdover

Back Panel• GPS Input• RS-232 Console Port• (2) RS-232 Time Code Outputs• (2) RS-485 Time Code Outputs

• For 9288, TimeView clocks or TimeTap to RS-232

• (1) IRIG B/E output - Voice Recorders

• (1) 10 MHz output – Calibration Ref.

• (3) Alarm/Event Contact Relays