iit bus 301 lecture notes

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall Management, Eleventh Edition by Stephen P. Robbins & Mary Coulter ©2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 13-1

AGENDA• Group Development Process

• Group Structure

• Group Processes

• Group Management

• Contemporary Issues

• Class Administration: – Ethics Discussion (ED)

– Instructor feedback due by Thursday


Key Points from Session 11 & 12• Use a combination of rational and intuitive decision-making

– Bounded rationality– Satisficing

• Trust your instincts– But, also gather and use data (i.e., evidence-based management)– Identify your biases (IAT)– Consider all stakeholders

• Communication can be used to inform, control, motivate, and express emotion.– Non-verbal communication is as important (if not more) as verbal

communication.– Understanding of communication networks is important to group

processes.


Groups

• Group - two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals.– Formal groups

• Work groups defined by the organization’s structure that have designated work assignments and tasks

– Informal groups• Groups that are independently formed to meet the

social needs of their members


Group Development Process

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPoHPNeU9fc

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8e0kli1Rph8

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VpUIlV95Qwc



• Forming stage - the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership

• Storming stage - the second stage of group development, characterized by intragroup conflict



• Norming stage - the third stage of group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness.

• Performing stage - the fourth stage of group development when the group is fully functional and works on group task.



• Adjourning - the final stage of group development for temporary groups during which group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance.


Group Exercise


Group Structure

• Role - behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit.

• Role of a – Student??– Teacher??– Administrator??


Group Structure

• Norms - standards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a group’s members.– Positive effects??– Drawbacks??

• Status - a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group.– Status incongruence??


Group Structure

• Group cohesiveness - the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals.

– Association with group performance??


Exhibit 13-5: Group Cohesiveness and Productivity


Group Structure

• Interdependence –– Task

• Sequential– Assembly line

• Reciprocal– Design teams, Basketball

• Pooled– Sales teams

– Outcome• Sink or swim together

– Group projects


Group Structure

• Social loafing - the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually.– Effect of task structure??– Effect of reward structure??– Effect of societal culture??


Group Processes: Communication

• Social Network– The patterns of informal connections among

individuals within groups.• The Importance of Social Networks

– Relationships can help or hinder team effectiveness.

– Relationships improve team goal attainment and increase member commitment to the team.


Group Processes: Challenges of Decision-making

• Groupthink: When a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with that of others.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRW8vgoHOWg


Group Processes: Challenges of Decision-making

• Do we need to avoid groupthink??– How??

• Does groupthink occur in any special settings?– Virtual team??– Upper management team??– High tech industry vs. government??


Types of Teams

• Self-managed work team– Zappos

• Cross-functional team• Virtual team• Problem-solving team


Advantages of Using Teams

• Teams outperform individuals.

• Teams provide a way to better use employee talents.

• Teams are more flexible and responsive.

• Teams can be quickly assembled, deployed, refocused, and disbanded.


Characteristics of Effective Teams

• Have a clear understanding of their goals

• Have competent members with relevant technical and interpersonal skills

• Exhibit high mutual trust in the character and integrity of their members

• Are unified in their commitment to team goals

• Have good communication systems

• Possess effective negotiating skills

• Have appropriate leadership• Have both internally and

externally supportive environments


Exhibit 13-3: Group Performance/Satisfaction Model


Contemporary challenges??

iit bus 301 lecture notes

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