iion agri-food and health conference: chaga chemistry - mukund jha
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Chaga ChemistryTRANSCRIPT
Chemistry of Inonotus obliquus(Chaga mushrooms)
Dr. Mukund JhaOrganic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory
Nipissing University
Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory at Nipissing University
Medicinal Chemistry Synthetic Chemistry
Green Chemistry Natural Products
Dr Jack Hay Dr Jean-Marc Moncalvo
Medicinal Mushrooms
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes)
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) Phellinus linteus Boletus edulis
Medicinal Mushrooms
Dr. Xiaocui ZhaoPostdoctoral
Fellow
o Distributed at latitudes of 45°N-50°N (Western
Siberia, North America, Finland, Poland, China,
Japan, etc.)
o A parasitic wild mushroom
o Grows on Birch and other trees (living trees)
o A polysopre fungus (unique structure)
o Highly dry mushroom and dense in nutrients
o Disease fighting powerhouse (often called as
king of mushrooms or miracle mushroom)
Inonotus obliquus (Chaga Mushroom)
Used since 16th century in Russia and eastern Europe as food as well as medicine for gastritis, ulcers, cancer, asthma, bronchitis, digestive system, TB, skin eczemas, blood pressure
o Drunk as hot teao Burned and smoke breathed in for lung and pneumonia disorderso Combined with tobacco and smoked
Limonnik Ltd, Vladivostok, Russia
Medicinal properties of chaga
o Antioxidant activityo Anticancer activityo Immunomodulating activityo Hypoglycaemic activityo Antiviral activityo Anti-inflammatory activity
Recent Scientific Studies
Chung et al., Nut. Res. Pract. 2010, 4, 177
In vitro and In vivo anticancer activity using subfractions of Chaga
Chemical Composition of Chaga
Mainly contains phenolic compounds (polyphenols) including melanins, lanostane-type triterpenes, benzoic acid derivatives and antioxidant enzymes
Zheng et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2010, 87, 1237
Anticancer compounds (representative examples)
Zheng et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 2010, 87, 1237
Anticancer/Antiviral compounds
Antioxidants/Analgesics
Chemical Composition of Chaga
Chaga from Ontario
o Abundantly found in forests of Northern Ontario
o Medicinal and commercial potential of Ontario chaga have been largely unexplored
Our Goals
o Study the genetic variability of chaga
o Activity guided extractions
o Compare the regional chaga with Siberian chaga and other relevant food extracts (e.g. blueberries and shiitake mushroom)
o Commercialization potential
Activity Guided Fractionations
Water
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Anti-oxidantActivity
Active Extract(s)
Extraction
Finer FractionationsUsing various
chromatographic methods
Active Fraction(s)
MethanolDichloromethaneHexane
Dried chaga
Soxhlet extraction
HPLC GC-MS
NMR
Infrastructure at Nipissing
DPPH assay (Antioxidant)
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(highly colored)
antioxidant
Bioassays
Drosophila melanogaster assay (the fruit fly assay) in collaboration with Dr. Tony Parkes (Nipissing University)
SOD-1 Null mutantso Dramatically reduced lifespano Display pathological syndrome similar to
age-related diseases in humans
Market Opportunity and Benefit to Ontario
o Market demand for nutraceuticals in Canada - $1-2 billion/year
o Chaga nutraceuticals have the potential to reduce healthcare expenditures
o May serve as a substitute of pharmaceuticals
o Will boost Northern Ontario’s natural resources sector
Acknowledgements
Current Group Members Past Group Members