- 9 -

The statistics of the fire and rescue services of the Tokyo Fire Department is as follows:

2014 2013 Plus & Minus ( ) Fires 4,805 (including one in an

extraterritorial area)5,191 (including one in an

extraterritorial area) 386

Burned Areas (m2) 23,478 25,674 2,196Fire Deaths 94 87 7Injuries 790 781 9

As an example of large scale fires in 2014, there was a building fire in January which

started in a three-story amusument center and then spread into the neighboring three

buildings. It eventually destroyed four buildings (including the center itself) and burned

656 m2. In May, another large fire occurred in a three-story building under construction,

which eventually destroyed a total of seven buildings and burned 568 m2.

As an example of fires involving rescue operations, there was an eight-story restaurant

fire in May which burned 357 m2. Because of the black smoke blowing out of the third floor,

III To Protect Citizens from Disasters

- 10 -

some people escaped to the fifth floor and they were trapped there. The fire unit used the

aerial platform of a ladder truck to rescue them to a safe place.

Infrequent types of fire include a construction platform fire in March. A total of 300 m2

of the platform, which was hung under the Metropolitan Expressway, was burned in this

incident. Another example is a factory fire in May. The fire occurred in the two-story office

of the magnesium alloys manufacturer and eventually burned 1,300 m2 of the building.

Other non-fire disasters include a construction site incident in February. A man was

trapped in an H-beam hole (diameter: 60 cm, depth: 3.5 meters) made for a retaining wall.

The Fire Rescue Task Forces and the Tokyo DMAT cooperated and rescued the person.

Another example is a restaurant incident in July. When the staff used burning charcoal

inside the restaurant, 8 customers claimed that they felt unwell. The fire unit opened the

doors and windows for fresh air and transported the 8 patients to hospitals. Also, as

Emergency Response Teams, 1964 members of the TFD responded to the eruption of mount

Ontake in September (for 21 days in total) and 31 members to the earthquake in Nagano

in November.

Various incidents occur in the metropolitan area. The TFD regularly conducts training simulating

real situations in order to prepare for all kinds of disasters and to provide safety and security for the

Tokyo residents.

- 11 -

Nozzle (improved applicator nozzle)

TOPIC 1

Structural Diagram

Spraying the ground and low areas

Spraying high areas

Example of use to spray in a duct

The inside of ceiling spaces can become a route for the spread of fire, so it is necessary to confirm the presence of fire quickly and spray it with water to prevent the spread of fire.

As a result, the nozzle is used for effective firefighting with a minumum amount of water when fighting fires in enclosed areas such as the inside of ceiling spaces as well as narrow and small areas.

- 12 -

The TFD has 1,951 fire vehicles (excluding vehicles

owned by other agencies), such as pumpers, foam pumpers,

and aerial ladders. The vehicles are deployed as follows.

Fire Vehicles

(As of April 1, 2015)

3-1 Fire Vehicles

The 9th Fire District (8 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························· 48Foam pumpers ························ 6Aerial ladders ························· 8Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 4Ambulances ·························· 31Floodlight truck ······················· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············ 4

Fire Rescue Task Forces (1)

Pumper 1Hazmat truck ·························· 3Rescue truck (type III) ··············· 1Squirt ··································· 1Heavy vehicles for rescue ··········· 2

Total Number of TFD Fleet

Pumpers ····························· 489Foam pumpers ························ 48Aerial ladders ························· 86Squirts ·································· 6Rescue trucks (type II) ·············· 28Rescue trucks (type III) ·············· 4Rescue trucks (type IV) ·············· 2Hazmat trucks ························ 18Ambulances ························· 238Heavy vehicles for rescue ··········· 8Heavy vehicles for road clearing ··· 6Floodlight trucks ····················· 10Firefighting motorcycles ············ 20Fireboats ······························· 9Helicopters ····························· 7

The 8th Fire District (15 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························ 83Foam pumpers ························· 5Aerial ladders ························ 15Rescue trucks (type II)················ 3Ambulances ·························· 39Floodlight truck························ 1Haz-mat trucks ························· 2

Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Foam pumper ·························· 1Rescue truck (type II) ················· 1Rescue truck (type III) ················ 1Rescue trucks (type IV) ·············· 2Squirt ···································· 1Haz-mat trucks ························· 1Heavy vehicles for rescue ············ 2Heavy vehicles for road clearing ···· 2

The 4th Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························· 51 Foam pumpers ························ 2 Aerial ladders ························· 8 Squirt ··································· 1 Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 2 Ambulances ·························· 25 Floodlight truck······················· 1

The 3rd Fire District (5 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························· 42Foam pumpers ························· 1Aerial ladders ························· 5Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 2Ambulances ·························· 22Floodlight truck ······················· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 4

Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper ································· 1Haz-mat trucks ························ 3Rescue truck (type II) ················ 1

- 13 -

The 10th Fire District (5 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························ 32 Foam pumpers ························· 4 Aerial ladders ·························· 5 Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 3 Ambulances ·························· 18 Floodlight truck ······················· 1 Hazmat truck··························· 1

The 5th Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························· 41Foam pumpers ························· 2Aerial ladders ························· 7Rescue truck (type II) ················ 1Ambulances··························· 16Floodlight truck ······················· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 2

The 6th Fire District (8 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························· 48Foam pumpers ························· 4Aerial ladders ························· 8Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 2Ambulances ··························· 21Floodlight truck ······················· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 2

Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper ································· 1Foam pumper ·························· 1Rescue truck (type II) ················ 1Rescue truck (type III) ··············· 1Squirt ··································· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Heavy vehicles for rescue ··········· 2Heavy vehicles for road clearing ··· 2

The 7th Fire District (9 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························ 57Foam pumpers ······················· 11Aerial ladders ························ 10Squirt ···································· 1Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 4Ambulances ·························· 31Floodlight truck ······················· 1Hazmat truck ··························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 4

The 1st Fire District (10 Fire Stations) Pumpers ······························ 38Foam pumpers ························· 4Aerial ladders ························ 13Rescue trucks (type II) ··············· 2Ambulances ·························· 14Floodlight truck ······················· 1Fireboats ································ 9Hazmat truck ··························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 2

The 2nd Fire District (7 Fire Stations) Pumpers ·······························45Foam pumpers ························· 6Aerial ladders ·························· 7Rescue truck (type II) ················ 1Ambulances ···························21Floodlight truck ······················· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Firefighting motorcycles ············· 2

Fire Rescue Task Forces (1) Pumper ································· 1Foam pumper ·························· 1Rescue truck (type II) ················ 1Rescue truck (type III) ··············· 1Squirt ··································· 1Hazmat truck ·························· 1Heavy vehicles for rescue ············ 2Heavy vehicles for road clearing ···· 2

- 14 -

Pumper (ordinary type)

Pumper with Water Tank

Pumper with Foam

In order to respond to diversified fire

incidents, this semi-box type pumper,

with two hose carts including one

battery motor cart, can carry more

equipment than its former models.

This box-type vehicle, equipped with a

2000-liter water tank, a light hose cart,

and other tools, is designed to conduct

“quick attack” (initial and early water-

discharge operations).

Equipped with two tanks (a 1,500-liter

water tank and a 150-liter foam agent

tank), a foam inducer, and a nozzle

which shoots chemical foam, this

vehicle responds to chemical incidents.

- 15 -

Small Pumper (with hose cart)

Water Rescue Truck

Aerial Ladder Truck

In order to respond to narrow-street

areas, this vehicle is designed to be

smallest possible (in terms of size and

turning radius). It is equipped with a

light hose cart and various tools.

Equipped with scuba apparatus, an

outboard motor (and its storage), and

other tools required for water rescue

operations, this vehicle responds to

water rescue incidents.

Equipped with a four-section, 30 meter

ladder, a platform (up to 2,700 N, three

people), a telescopic water pipe, and a

remote-controlled nozzle, this vehicle

responds to high rise building fires.

- 16 -

Rescue Truck (Type II)

Ambulance

Special Rescue Truck

Loaded with various rescue equipment

(a winch, an electric generator, a self-

elevating floodlight, and others), this

vehicle responds to rescue incidents,

such as traffic accidents.

In order to respond to various incidents,

this vehicle has a sufficient space inside

where the EMS staff give medical

treatments to a patient. It is also

equipped with stretchers, a vibration-

free stand, and other EMS tools.

In earthquakes and water disasters,

this six wheel drive vehicle responds to

flooded areas for rescue, personnel

transport, and equipment transport.

Specially installed is a lift for water

bikes and the self-spray system which

protects the vehicle from radiant heat.

- 17 -

Firefighting Motorcycles

Fireboat (Kachidoki)

Fire Helicopter (Hakucho)

Equipped with portable fire extinguishers

and simple rescue tools, this high-

mobility vehicle responds to incident

scenes (particularly highways and

mountain areas) as quickly as possible.

Kachidoki responds to chemical

disasters as well as vessel fires and

incidents in the river areas. Its water

shooting tower and mast are both

raised and lowered, which enables the

vessel to shoot water from a height and

make itself look shorter. It is equipped

with four water shooting nozzles and a

pump which sends more than 30,000

liters of water per minute.

Hakucho is a large helicopter which

engages in firefighting and rescue

operations, information collection, and

patient transportation. Installed are

an auto-hovering system and an

emergency stretcher system. The

aircraft is equipped with a 2,500-liter

water tank under its body for

firefighting purposes.

- 18 -

1 Response System

Responses to fires, medical emergencies, hazard removal and rescue services are classified as

“ordinary response”, “special response” and “extra response”.

(1) Fires

Ordinary responses Ordinary and large-scale fires in city areas or fires in special buildings are

handled by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd or 4th alarm response.

Special responses Special responses are ordered in case of vehicle fires on expressways,

hazardous materials fires and large-scale fires which are difficult to fight

with ordinary alarm responses. Depending on the scale of the fire, the 1st

to 2nd responses are activated, while the 1st to 4th responses are ordered

in case of large-scale disasters such as a large plane crash or a train fire.

Extra responses Extra responses are ordered for the reinforcement of firefighting units, or

the dispatch of the units in response to small-scale fires.

(2) Rescue Service

Extra responses To deal with each rescue incident, rescue units are dispatched to disaster

scenes.

To an automobile collision in anticipation of a medical emergency and a

fire, an EMS ambulance unit and a pump company are dispatched on

receipt of an accident report.

Special responses When a large-scale disaster occurs or is likely to occur, and it is necessary

to dispatch more than one rescue unit at a time, 1st to 3rd alarms are

activated depending on the extent of the disaster.

When a mass-casualty incident occurs and it is necessary to send out more

manpower for the rescue and first aid of the victims, 1st to 4th alarms are

activated depending on the extent of the disaster.

(3) Emergency Medical Services

Ordinary responses To an ordinary medical emergency, an EMS unit is dispatched from the

nearest fire station, based on the GPS system for locating ambulances.

Special responses Upon the receipt of the report of a multi-casualty incident or an incident

which may cause heavy casualties, the Command and Control Center

orders the responses from 1st to 4th alarms depending on the number of

casualties.

Extra responses This is ordered when emergency responders need EMS unit reinforcement

3-2 Response System

- 19 -

or when there are multiple casualties at incident scenes.

(4) Elimination of Hazard

Extra responses In dangerous situations with hazardous materials/gas leaks or chemical

disasters which may cause fires or endanger people’s lives, Fire Rescue

Task Forces, Hazmat Units or other units are dispatched to incident scenes.

(5) Confirmation of the Emergency

Extra responses Rescue units are dispatched to rapidly confirm the situation in the case that

smoke which could be easily confused with a fire is reported or automatic

fire alarm equipment sounds an alarm.

2 Mutual Aid

The Fire Organization Law stipulates that each city, town and village has responsibility to protect

citizens’ lives and property from fires. For the safety of and around municipality borders, there are

mutual-aid systems established between municipalities, with the Article 39 of the Fire Organization

Law as a base. The TFD has mutual-aid agreements with cities, towns and villages in its

neighborhood, and on remote islands. The Department then assists those communities, mobilizing

ground fire apparatus and fire helicopters.

Against incidents in the port of Tokyo, the TFD has a cooperative agreement with the Japan Coast

Guard’s Tokyo Coast Guard Office, and a mutual aid agreement with the fire departments of

Kawasaki, Chiba, Yokohama, and Ichikawa Cities to respond to large-scale disasters that occur in

any of the city’s ports or related coastal facilities.

In case of large-scale disasters such as an earthquake, the TFD dispatches its members of the

Emergency Fire Response Teams to the areas with no mutual-aid agreements concluded, based on

the Article 44 of the Fire Organization Law.

3 Measures to Protect Japanese Citizens

In the Law Concerning the Measures for Protection of the Civilian Population in Armed Attack

Situations (the Citizen Protection Law), it is stipulated that fire service organizations shall protect

Japanese citizens’ lives and property from fires caused by armed attacks, while preventing and

mitigating such disasters.

In addition, the Law requires that city, town or village mayors command municipal government

officials, Fire Chiefs and Volunteer Fire Corps Chiefs to evacuate citizens to safe areas.

The TFD, considering the importance of coordination with other civil protection agencies, joins

the TMG and municipal governments of Tokyo and actively conducts citizens’ protection drills like

evacuation.

- 20 -

The TFD’s participation is based on the Tokyo Fire Department’s Basic Policy on Citizens’

Protection Measures, while the TMG and Tokyo’s municipalities’ efforts are founded on their own

citizens’ protection plans.

4 Tokyo Fire Department’s Basic Guidelines for Citizen Protection Measures

(1) Basic Concept

Protecting citizens and minimizing damage in the event that Tokyo suffers a disaster due to armed

attack or other emergency situation is a grave responsibility assigned to fire protection services.

In order to fulfill this responsibility, the TFD conducts activities including firefighting, assistance,

rescue, and evacuation guidance in disasters, while at the same time ensuring the safety of

firefighters.

Additionally, the TFD works to ensure the safety of Tokyo through comprehensive measures for

protecting citizens, such as strengthening cooperation with the national government, the TMG,

municipal governments and related agencies and obtains sufficient cooperation from citizens and

business establishments.

(2) Basic Plans

Based on the Basic Concept of (1), the TFD has established the following basic measures and

conducts its citizen protection activities based on these.

(A) Establishing a response system

・Measures to strengthen the functions of civil defense headquarters

・Measures for effective use of information

(B) Establishing operational preparedness

・Firefighting operational measures

・Evacuation guidance measures

・Fire company operational measures

・Education and training measures

(C) Assuring community safety

・Providing guidance to business establishments and citizens

- 21 -

Number of Fires in 2014

The number of fires in 2014 was 4,805 (excluding 1 extraterritorial fire), showing a decrease of

386 from 2013.

Of the 4,805 fires, building fires decreased by 267 to 3,002, vehicle fires increased by 63 to 332,

and others decreased by 152 to 1,463.

The fires burned 23,478 m2, a decrease of 2,196 m2 from 2013. The toal fire damage cost was

4,889,800,000 yen, showing a decrease of 1,147,730,000 yen from 2013.

The number of burnt buildings was 3,451, affecting 4,955 people of 2,587 households.

Compared with the previous year, fire deaths increased by 7 to 94, and the number of injured

people increased by 9 to 790.

Number of Fires and Fire Deaths (2010－2014)

Buildings 3,002

(62.5%)

Vehicles 332

(6.9%)

Ships2

(0.04%)

Forests and fields5

(0.1%)

Extraterritorial Fire1

(0.02%)

Others1,463

(30.4%)

Total4,805

(100%)

5,088 5,341 5,089 5,191

4,805

105 84

115 87 94

0

60

120

180

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

(People)(Cases)

Fires

Fatalities

3-3 Fires

- 22 -

1 Fire Investigation

Fire departments are engaged not only in

firefighting but also fire cause/damage

investigations.

The TFD conducts fire investigations under

the power and procedures stipulated in the Fire

Service Law. Fire personnel examine fire

scenes, obtain information from people, make

scientific analysis and identify fire causes.

They further investigate how fire protection

equipment was activated or used, what caused fire spread, and how people were evacuated. The

result of all this is reflected on fire prevention measures for the future.

2 Fire Causes

The biggest fire cause in 2014 was arson. The number of arson was 1,381, decreasing by 241 from

2013 and representing 28.7% (2.5 points smaller than 2013) of all the fires.

Arson was followed by smoking (710, a decrease of 27), gas kitchen stoves (416, a decrease of

2), large gas cookers (110 cases, an increase of 8), and electric heaters (104 cases, a decrease of 1).

Major Fire Causes in 2014

1,381

710416

110 104 76 56 46 45 430

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

Arso

n

Smok

ing

Gas

kitche

n stov

es

& ot

hers

Larg

e gas

cooker

s

Elec

tric h

eaters

Play

ing wi

th fir

e

Cand

les

Ciga

rette

lighte

rs

Cord

s

Weld

ing ma

chines

(Fires)

- 23 -

1 TFD’s Rescue System

When the TFD was established in 1948, its rescue service was mainly for saving people from

ordinary building fires. As Japanese industries and economy started developing from the middle

1960's, disasters became more complex and diverse. In 1971, the TFD formed the Rescue Units with

sophisticated rescue techniques and equipment. In 1996, with lessons learned from the Great

Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake, the Fire Rescue Task Forces (“Hyper Rescue”) were formed for the

responses to serious earthquakes and other large-scale disasters.

On the national level, the emergency response assistance systems for Japan and foreign countries

have been reinforced. Specifically, in 1986 rescue units were newly prescribed in a law after the

modification of the Fire Service Law and the Fire Organization Law. In 1987, there was the

enforcement of “the Japan Disaster Relief Team (JDR) Dispatch Law”. In 1995, there was the

modification of the Fire Organization Law for the change to domestic fire protection assistance with

lessons learned from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. Also in 1995, there was the

establishment of “the Emergency Fire Response Teams Activity Outline”. In 2003, with the Fire

Organization Law’s revision, the Emergency Fire Response Teams’ system was prescribed in a law.

The TFD engages in overall rescue operations, mobilizing the Rescue Units, the Fire Rescue Task

3-4 Rescue Operations

- 24 -

Forces, the Mountain Rescue Units, the Water Rescue Units and the Aviation Unit.

The TFD dispatched the Fire Rescue Task Forces and other rescue units to numerous disasters to

conduct rescues and firefighting operations as Emergency Fire Response Teams. They include the

torrential rain calamity in Niigata and Fukushima prefectures in July 2004, the Mid Niigata

Prefecture Earthquake in October 2004, the Iwate and Miyagi Inland Earthquake in June 2008, the

Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, and the eruption of Mount Ontake in September 2014.

The TFD's rescue members who are registered as members of the International Rescue Team of

Japan (IRT-JF) are sent to disaster-stricken countries when those countries request the Japanese

Government for assistance. They contribute internationally to lifesaving, making full use of the

latest technology.

The TFD’s members of the IRT-JF have responded to overseas disasters 19 times so far. They

were dispatched to the earthquake-stricken areas in Sichuan Province of China in May, 2008, in

Sumatra, Indonesia in October 2009, in the southern island of New Zealand in February 2011, and

in Nepal in April 2015, making dedicated efforts to save lives.

2 Activities of Rescue Units

For ordinary rescue in fires and other incidents, pump units respond from fire stations nearest to

an incident scene. To devastating incidents, specially-trained Rescue Units members with expertise

are dispatched. In case of large-scale disasters such as big earthquakes, building collapses and

landslides, the Fire Rescue Task Forces are mobilized.

In cooperation with the Aviation Unit, the Water Rescue Units respond to water accidents in

Tokyo Bay and rivers, and the Mountain Rescue Units to mountain accidents.

3 Firefighters’ Safety Management

With disasters becoming more complicated, more dangerous and harder for firefighters to fight,

on-scene firefighters’ safety management is more important today.

Fire ground operations must be achieved safely and effectively. For the enhancement of the safety

management mentioned above, the TFD actively promotes the improvement of safety devices and

protective gear for firefighters and the improvement and enhancement of the safety management

system for firefighters at the scene of an accident through the activities of emergency responders.

- 25 -

Deployment of Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name

1st Kojimachi Kojimachi Rescue Unit

Shiba Shiba Rescue Unit 2nd Kamata Kuko Rescue Unit

3rd Meguro Meguro Rescue Unit Setagaya Setagaya Rescue Unit

4th Shinjuku Shinjuku Rescue Unit Suginami Suginami Rescue Unit

5th Toshima Toshima Rescue Unit

6th Adachi Adachi Rescue Unit Ueno Ueno Rescue Unit

7th

Joto Joto Rescue Unit Honden Honden Rescue Unit

Edogawa Edogawa Rescue Unit Fukagawa Fukagawa Rescue Unit

8th Musashino Musashino Rescue Unit

Higashikurume Higashikurume Rescue Unit Fuchu Fuchu Rescue Unit

9th

Hachioji Hachioji Rescue Unit Machida Machida Rescue Unit

Ome Ome Rescue Unit Tama Tama Rescue Unit

10th Itabashi Itabashi Rescue Unit Nerima Nerima Rescue Unit Shakujii Shakujii Resucue Unit

Fire Rescue Task Forces (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Name

2nd 2nd District Fire Rescue Task Forces 3rd 3rd District Fire Rescue Task Forces 6th 6th District Fire Rescue Task Forces 8th 8th District Fire Rescue Task Forces 9th 9th District Fire Rescue Task Forces

Water Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name

1st Nihonbashi Hamacho Water Rescue Unit

Rinko Rinko Water Rescue Unit 2nd Omori Omori Water Rescue Unit 6th Adachi Ayase Water Rescue Unit 7th Koiwa Koiwa Water Rescue Unit 8th Chofu Chofu Water Rescue Unit

Mountain Rescue Units (As of April 1, 2015) Fire District Fire Station Name

9th

Hachioji Hachioji Mountain Rescue Unit Ome Ome Mountain Rescue Unit

Akigawa Akigawa Mountain Rescue Unit Okutama Okutama Mountain Rescue Unit

- 26 -

4 Rescue Responses

The number of the rescue runs in 2014 was 22,500. Compared with the figure of the year 2013,

the number of rescue runs decreased by 657.

By type of response, fires, gas, and flight accidents increased compared to the year before, while

buildings & structures, traffic accidents, water accidents, accidents involving machinery, falls,

mountains, and other incidents decreased.

Rescue Runs and Rescued People

Rescue Runs by Incident Types in 2014

22,227

23,026

22,59321,607

22,139 22,096

23,721 23,579 23,317 23,15722,500

21,113

25,369

21,192

19,853 19,760 19,880

21,14220,793

20,38020,007

19,416

13,000

14,000

15,000

16,000

17,000

18,000

19,000

20,000

21,000

22,000

23,000

24,000

25,000

26,000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

救助活動件数

救助人員

（Year）

(Runs) (Persons)

Rescue runs

Buildings & structures

16,166(71.8%)

Traffic accidents

4,339 (19.3%)

Falls 328 (1.5%)

Water accidents 268 (1.2%)

Machinery 197 (0.9%)

Fires 129 (0.6%)

Mountain 159 (0.7%) Gas 74 (0.3%)

Collapse 28 (0.1%)

Total 22,500(100%)

Rescued people

Others 812(3.6%)

- 27 -

The ambulance service in Tokyo started in 1936 with six ambulances. When the municipal fire

service started in Japan in March 1948, the Tokyo Fire Department became responsible for providing

the ambulance service for its protection area. As of April 1, 2015 it deploys 240 EMS units

throughout Tokyo.

As for the legal background, the Ordinance on the Ambulance Service Conducted by Fire

Departments was enacted in October 1952. It provided the legal basis to the fire department’s

ambulance services. In March 1973, with the change of citizens’ life styles, the ordinance was

revised and named as the Ordinance on Ambulance Services. It specified the ambulance attendant’s

care, doctors’ responses to incident scenes on request, and the promulgation of first-aid knowledge

and techniques.

In March 1994, the ordinance was partly revised with emphasis on (1) the addition of a paramedic

license to ambulance personnel qualifications, (2) promotion of “bystander” first-aid education and

training to as many citizens as possible, and (3) the encouragement to business owners to provide

first-aid training to their employees.

In October 2004, an incident fact disclosure system was started. To prevent citizens’ daily

accidents, the Tokyo Metropolitan Ordinance was revised, and it enabled the TFD to confirm the

factors behind incidents, notify the related persons of potential risks, and disclose this information

3-5 Emergency Medical Services

- 28 -

to the public.

In present-day society, there are a lot more elderly people found than ever before, and the changes

in life-styles and meal tendencies have made it easier for individuals to suffer from diseases which

were uncommon in the past. Under these circumstances, the TFD has so far increased EMS units

and the quality of their equipment for greater lifesaving performance, meeting citizens’ extensive

demands for EMS. Regardless of the Department’s effort, the demands increase year by year, with

the ambulance runs in 2014 reaching 757,554. This is about 7.4 times more runs than in 1963

(102,660) when ambulance service became legal at a national level by the Fire Service Law.

In order to meet these growing demands, the TFD takes necessary measures so that ambulance

services will be properly used, promoting various matters like the following: (1) the reinforcement

of EMS units, (2) the announcement to the public about appropriate “for-emergencies-only”

ambulance service use, (3) the coalition/teamwork with private ambulance service providers for

patients, and (4) closer cooperation with hospitals.

The paramedic system, established in 1991, has brought about successful results to prehospital

care. Paramedics today are allowed to do “more” than in the past in their medical treatment; they

can conduct defibrillation (with electrical shock given to patients on the chest to gain regular

heartbeat), endotracheal intubation, and drug administration under general instructions from doctors.

The TFD continues to promote various measures for today’s sophisticated emergency medical

services. The Tokyo Medical Control Council was founded in October 2002 for the development of

lifesaving missions. They conduct measures to upgrade the quality of ambulance personnel’s

treatment, by introducing a “post-EMS investigation” system and others.

With automated external defibrillators (AED) coming into public use in July 2004, the TFD

conducts both the pumper personnel AED training courses and public AED/first aid training courses.

Ambulance Runs and Receiving Hospitals Year

Incident

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total 699,971 686,801 691,549 653,260 655,631 700,981 724,436 741,702 749,032 757,544

Acute Illness

431,023 425,972 433,268 407,582 411,539 444,993 461,048 476,955 483,956 490,936

Traffic Accidents

86,670 79,971 74,653 67,799 66,481 66,274 66,001 61,890 58,886 55,219

Others 182,278 180,858 183,628 177,879 177,611 189,714 197,387 202,857 206,190 211,399

Receiving Hospitals

357 340 338 330 326 326 322 320 322 324

Note: The number of receiving hospitals is as of April 1 of the next year

- 29 -

1 EMS Units

An EMS unit is made up of an officer, an attendant and a driver, while an EMS helicopter crew

is made up of an officer and two medical service members.

EMS personnel assess a patient's condition quickly on an incident scene, perform appropriate care

such as CPR and stanching of blood, and transport the patient to the nearest hospital best suited for

him/her.

Besides the requisite training for qualified EMS personnel, more sophisticated training and

hospital practices are provided for them in accordance with the progress of emergency medical

technologies.

Deployment of EMS Units (As of April 1, 2015)

Places

23 Wards Fire Service Entrusting Areas Total

Fire Stations

Fire Station

Branches Total

Fire Stations

Fire Station

BranchesTotal

Fire Stations

Fire Station

Branches Total

Number of EMS Units

63 106 169 25 46 71 88 152 240

Deployment of EMS Helicopters Places Large craft Mid-sized craft Total

Number 4 4 8

*Including one mid-sized helicopter of the Ministry of International Affairs and Communications

2 EMS Treatment

The main treatments by Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) are artificial respiration, cardiac

massage, blood stanching, fracture immobilization, oxygen delivering, warm body temperature

maintenance, etc. Advanced EMTs can perform such treatments as the maintenance of the airway

with a nasal airway, the removal of a foreign object with a laryngoscope and forceps, and blood

pressure maintenance with medical anti-shock trousers.

Paramedics conduct defibrillation with AED on cardiac arrest patients, maintain the IV line with

lactic Ringer solution, and keep non-breath patients’ airways open using laryngeal tubes.

For greater lifesaving performance, paramedics now conduct medical treatment more extensively

than in the past. Since April in 2003, they have performed defibrillation in accordance with a

protocol, based on a doctor’s general instructions. Endotrachael intubation was started in July 2004,

cardiotonic (adrenaline) administration began in April 2006, and the use of an adrenaline

(epinephrine) autoinjector became possible in March 2009. Since April 2014, paramedics have been

able to establish venous access in pre-cardiac arrest patients, perform fluid infusions, measure blood

sugar, and provide glucose solutions in cases of hypoglycemic attack.

- 30 -

Acute illness490,93664.8%

Common injuries130,66217.2%

Traffic accidents55,2197.3%

80,73710.6%

Total757,554100.0

3 EMS Activities

Ambulance Runs in 2014

The number of the ambulance runs in 2014 was 757,554 or a 1.1% increase from the previous

year. This means that one out of 17 residents used ambulance service in Tokyo. On the average,

EMS units made 2,075 runs per day, or one EMS unit made 8.8 runs per day.

By incident type, acute illnesses were the greatest in number, with 490,936 runs or 64.8% of the

total.

On the other hand, our EMS helicopters made 430 responses. The TFD will reinforce its helicopter

transport system to save more patients and lessen their aftereffects by swift transport.

4 Cooperation of Pumpers and Ambulances

The “Fire Quick Aid” system was started on April 1, 2000 to save victims quickly in accidents in

high-rise buildings, underground facilities, small areas, etc. In this system, pump units are

dispatched at the same time as EMS units to incident scenes. The Fire Quick Aid responses in 2014

reached 161,951.

AED defibrillators came into fire department use in July 2004. Since then, pumper personnel have

been trained for AED manipulation. AED defibrillators are now unexceptionally found in fire

stations and fire station branches.

Pump units respond to emergency medical scenes in the following cases:

○ [On the telephone] The patient seems to need immediate rescue and/or treatment due to his/her

serious damage.

○ Victim transportation seems to be difficult by an EMS unit only.

○ [In a case of bodily injury] Victims and ambulance members need to be protected.

Inter-hospital patient transfer 42,366 (5.6%)

Assault 7,882 (1.0%)

Suicide 5,609 (0.7%)

Labor accidents 4,868 (0.6%)

Sports 5,203 (0.7%)

Fires 3,330 (0.4%)

Equipment transport 536 (0.1%)

Water accidents 1,073 (0.1%)

Doctor transport 259 (0.0%)

Natural disasters 44 (0.0%)

Others 9,567 (1.3%)

Others

* Since figures are rounded off, the total may not match the sum of each figure.

- 31 -

○ [An EMS response to a “challenging” busy area] An emergency response is made to the location

and at the time specified by a fire station chief.

○ [In the vicinity of a fire station (branch)] There is a victim involved in an emergency medical

incident, who needs immediate rescue.

○ [In the case where there seems to be a prolonged delay in the arrival of an EMS unit]

There is a victim who needs immediate rescue/EMS.

5 Use of Cellular Phones (inc. PHS) to Collect Patient Information

Cellular phones (including PHS devices) started to be used by on-the-run EMS personnel in April

2002 to collect information on patients from the people concerned at incident scenes and/or from

the patients’ families. This facilitates the effectiveness of EMS units’ lifesaving activities and

bystanders’ successful performances with advice given to them over the phone, and also helps

patients and their families feel relieved with ongoing ambulance activities being told to them.

6 Coordination with Emergency Medical Facilities

From April 14, 2002, EMS crews have received information on sick and injured people and given

verbal guidance on first-aid treatment to people nearby over wireless phones (PHS, etc.) while en

route, in order to make life-saving after their arrival more effective. In addition to improving the

effectiveness of first aid, this also provides the sense of security of knowing that the ambulance is

on its way to the sick or injured person and their family, etc.

On August 31, 2009, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government introduced “The Tokyo Rules for

Emergency Medical Care” to provide prompt and efficient medical services to emergency patients.

One of the Rules is the introduction of the Emergency Patients Admission Coordinators. They are

part-time employees of the Bureau of Social Welfare and Public Health assigned to the TFD’s

Command and Control Center. In cases where all hospitals in one region refuse admission of

emergency patients, these coordinators intervene and look for a hospital outside that region

throughout Tokyo.

The Tokyo Rules for Emergency Medical Care is a system operated by the TMG’s Bureau of

Social Welfare and Public Health, the Tokyo Medical Association and the Tokyo Fire Department

to solve the difficulty of finding hospitals for emergency patients.

The TFD coordinates closely with Critical Care Medical Centers and other medical facilities

through direct telephone lines. It gathers the latest information on the availability of emergency

hospitals and on-duty hospitals after hours through computer terminals. The information is provided

to responding EMS units for the selection of hospitals, or provided to citizens and medical facilities

on request.

- 32 -

Medical advisors (doctors) are stationed at the TFD HQ Command and Control Center and the

Tama Command and Control Center each. They give medical instructions and advice to field EMS

units. As of April 1, 2015, as many as 277 doctors from 34 medical facilities are registered for this

purpose.

Types of Emergency Hospitals (As of April 1, 2015)

317 Hospitals 7 Clinics

Tot

al

National and Public Hospitals

Pri

vate

Mun

icip

al

Oth

er

Nat

iona

l

TM

G

Inde

pend

ent

Adm

inis

trat

ive

Inst

itut

ion

Mun

icip

al

Japa

n R

ed

Cro

ss

Oth

er

15 7 1 10 3 2 279 1 6 324

7 Appropriate Use of Ambulance Services

Ambulance runs continued to rise, reaching a record high of 757,554 runs in 2014, and staying at

a high level.

The time from turnout to arrival on scene was 7 minutes and 54 seconds in 2014, exactly the same

time as the previous year.

In the future, as the aging of the population advances and the number of ambulance runs may

increase for unnecessary or non-emergency reasons, the response time may well increase and leave

savable lives unattended.

To address this problem, the TFD carries out various measures to send ambulances appropriately

and effectively to those who need their services most. It calls on citizens to use ambulance services

correctly according to the rules. It provides hospital information websites, and encourages citizens

to use the services of the Tokyo Private Ambulance Call Center, which introduces non-emergency

transport services to hospitals for a fee.

8 Emergency Telephone Consultation Center in the Tokyo Fire Department

The Emergency Telephone Consultation Center in the

Tokyo Fire Department accepts inquiries from persons who

are not sure whether they should call an ambulance or go

to hospital on their own. The team of a physician, nurses

and former EMT’s answer such inquiries on a 24-hour

basis throughout the year.

At the Center, a team of physicians, nurses and former

EMT’s answer such inquiries on a 24-hour basis

throughout the year. Furthermore, the Center provides the

- 33 -

Tokyo EMS Guide by which users can confirm the urgency of the situation and whether it is

necessary to go to a medical institution using a computer, mobile telephone, or smartphone.

The Council examines the Center’s work performance and protocols, and discusses better

management system, so that it can ensure quality services to residents.

◇Telephone Numbers of the Emergency Telephone Consultation Center

Category Emergency Telephone Consultation Center

23-ward area #7119

03－3212－2323

Tama area 042－521－2323

◇Tokyo EMS Guide URL

Category Tokyo EMS Guide

Computer and smartphone URL http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/hp-kyuuimuka/guide/main/

Mobile phone URL http://www.tfd.metro.tokyo.jp/hp-kyuuimuka/guide/m/00kiyaku.html

9 Patient’s Triage before EMS Transport

The TFD conducts the ambulance teams’ triage on scene. On arriving an incident scene,

ambulance crew assess the patient’s condition based on the triage standard sheet for transport. If

urgency is not recognized, they request the patient to visit the hospital on his/her own if they agree,

although the ambulance crew give them first-aid advice and hospital information.

10 Promulgation of First-Aid Skills

First aid given by a bystander before the arrival of an ambulance is crucial for the survival of a

victim. To be skilled in first aid is very important for citizens to help each other in a mass-casualty

incident such as an earthquake. The TFD works hard to familiarize citizens with first-aid knowledge

and techniques.

From January 2012, a 90-minute first aid introduction course and a step-up system for advanced

courses were started by way of the new training system resulting from a revision to the JRC

resuscitation guidelines.

The TFD entrusts part of its first-aid training programs to the Tokyo Emergency First-Aid

Association (a public interest incorporated foundation).

In addition, training courses are given to private ambulance service providers and private sector

emergency responders taking action with an automatic emergency reporting system.

- 34 -

Main Courses of First-Aid Training

Course for Life Saving

3 hours Standard First-Aid Course

Adult CPR, AED, first aid for choking, stanching and others 4 hours

Standard First-Aid Course (for AED Operators)

2⅓ hrs Standard First-Aid Retraining Course

2 hours Standard First-Aid Step-Up Course

A course for persons who have attended the “introductory first aid course” within the last 12 months and who wish toobtain first aid skills certification.

Course for Life Saving and Injury Treatment

8 hours Advanced First-Aid Course

CPR for adults/children/infants, AED, injury treatment, patient management and transportation (The contents of AED Operator’s Course are included.)

3 hours Advanced First-Aid Retraining Course

5 hours Advanced First Aid Step-Up Course

A course for persons who have attended the “regular first aid course” or “regular first aid refresher course” within the last 12 months and who wish to obtain first aid skills certification.

Course for First-Aid Instructor

24 hours First-Aid Instructor’s Course

For company employees to be qualified as first-aid instructors

3 hours First-Aid Instructor’s Retraining Course

The organizations to contact for related training courses are the Tokyo Disaster Prevention &

Emergency Medical Service Association, fire stations, fire station divisions and fire station branches.

11 Conveyance of “Life-Is-Priceless” Messages to Junior / Senior High School Students

Based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s revolutionary measure, the TFD has been

conveying the “Life-Is-Priceless” messages to junior and senior high school students since July 1,

2002.

For message conveyance, the TFD personnel including paramedics visit schools and tell students

about their major rescue experiences so that the students can have a deep understanding of the

importance of life safety and teamwork. This activity helps “next-generation” young people attain

sound physical and spiritual growth, and leads to the effective first aid education for bystanders.

In 2014, the TFD gave first-aid lectures/courses (with certificate) to 34,486 junior high school

students (314 schools) and 24,620 high school students (185 schools). It also gave flexible first-aid

training to 24,060 junior and senior high school students (141 schools).

12 Guidance and Certification to Private Non-Emergency Ambulance Services for Patients

Private ambulance services are for the non-emergency transfer of patients between hospitals, the

transportation of people for hospitalization/discharge, the convenience for outpatients, etc. Private

ambulance service providers assist people with bed-, or wheelchair-provided ambulances. The

demands for the services continue to rise highly in an aging society.

- 35 -

The TFD worked on the legalization of the system to certify private ambulance providers and

display their names. This system was successfully adopted as an ordinance on October 1, 2007. It

specifies the certification procedures, the responsibilities of the certifying body, how to display

certification, how to announce providers’ names, performance report details and their review.

Providers fulfilling certain standards are certified as “TFD Licensed Private Non-Emergency

Ambulance Provider”. As of the end of March 2015, 220 companies (243 workplaces with 340

ambulances) are certified as such.

Previous to this legalization, the Tokyo Private Ambulance Call Center was established in the

Tokyo Emergency First-Aid Association in April 2005 to promote proper use of fire department’s

ambulance services. This Center keeps the update on the availability of private ambulances to

provide an integrated information service to citizens. In September 2005, the Center started the

Support Cab (Taxi) system for users who are able to walk on their own.

In March 2006, the Coordinating Council for the Member Providers of the Tokyo Private

Ambulance Call Center was established. The TFD concluded “the Agreement on Disaster Victim

Transportation” with the Council and takes measures for mass-casualty incidents which require a

large number of transporting vehicles including ambulances.

13 First Aid Encouragement Program

Prompt and appropriate first aid by bystanders present at the scene

of the emergency is crucial in saving more lives.

In addition to building effective first-aid systems at offices, shopping

districts, and town and neighborhood associations (hereafter, “offices”)

and increasing the capacity for independent first-aid, it is necessary for

workers to proactively attend life-saving courses in order to ensure the

safety of visitors and local residents.

Against this background, the TFD aims to realize an even safer

society through issuing a Certificate of the Excellent Completion of a

First-Aid Course to offices that continue to be proactive in taking life-

saving courses and contribute to the development of a region in which residents can live with peace

of mind.

As of the end of March 2015, the TFD has issued the Certificate of the Excellent Completion of

a First-Aid Course to 1,212 offices.

[Details of the system]

1 Organizations subject to issuance of a certificate of excellence

Offices (limited to those with 20 and more employees), shopping districts, town and

neighborhood associations, educational institutions, chain stores with certain business formats

that handle the same types of items, and other organizations that the TFD EMS Division Chief

recognizes as having the potential to contribute to society in the TFD service area

- 36 -

2 Conditions for issuance

Offices at which there is a person with first-aid training or a first-aid instructor present and active

in promoting first-aid training, and which meet the following conditions.

(1) Offices: 30% or more of all employees have completed a first-aid course that is within its

term of validity.

(2) Shopping districts: 30% or more of all shops in the shopping district have at least one

employee who has completed a first-aid course that is within its term of

validity.

(3) Town and neighborhood associations: 30% or more of all households in the town or

neighborhood associations have at least one member who has completed a

first-aid course that is within its term of validity.

(4) Other organizations: 30% or more of all members have completed a first-aid course that is

within its term of validity.

3 Publication of offices issued with a certificate of excellence

In order to make residents aware of safe and secure offices, promote the status of such, and

further increase awareness, the names of offices issued with a certificate are published on the

TFD website and on the TFD Twitter and Facebook pages.

4 Issuance of the Excellency Mark

In combination with the current Certificate of the Excellent Completion of

a First-Aid Course, the TFD will deliver an Excellency Mark, which the

offices issued with a certificate of excellence may display at their

discretion.

14 First Aid Service Award

The award is intended to seek entries from the offices and so on that are working to establish first

aid systems to respond to emergency situations, commend effective measures, broadly publicize

successful cases, and enhance relief capabilities in communities.

(1) Eligible organizations

Organizations (offices, shopping districts, towns and neighbourhood associations, educational

institutions) that have received the Excellency Marks under the first-aid encouragement program

(2) Entry topics

a. Measures to encourage first aid courses in order to develop first aid systems

b. Measures to reinforce the collaboration between offices, etc. and the local community

(3) Screening

Screening will be conducted by the Tokyo First Aid Promotion Council.

- 37 -

(4) Awarding

To be conducted during the Emergency Medical Service Week.

15 Tokyo Metropolitan Government’s First Aid Promotion Council

In March 2005 the EMS Service Social Association of the Tokyo Fire Department, an advisory

group to the Fire Chief, proposed in its 25th report the establishment of the Tokyo First-Aid

Promotion Council for the effective spread of first aid education. Based on this proposal the Council

was established in July 2005 with the participation of 21 public and private bodies, including the

TFD and the Japanese Red Cross Society. (25 bodies as of March 31, 2015)

The Council aims at 1) 50% percent performance rate of bystander CPR among the cardiac arrest

patients, and 2) promote information on how to use the AED to 20% (2.24 million people) of the 15

to 69 age group of the daytime population of Tokyo. An agreement was made among the members

of the Council to work to attain this goal.

- 38 -

TOPIC 2

To establish an environment where foreign nationals, who are expected to

increase in numbers in the leadup to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic

Games, can make use of ambulence services with peace of mind, the operation

of English-using EMS units began on April 1, 2014.

☆ English-Using EMS Units

English-using EMS units are the EMS units that have ambulance attendants

with English-language skills* to assess the condition of foreign patients, deal

with other concerned persons and appropriately and quickly transport foreign

patients. * English-language skills mean the English skills necessary to perform emergency activities and to deal with foreign patients according to foreign practices and so on.

☆ Assignment of ambulance attendants with English-language skills

Ambulance attendants with English-language skills are assigned to 13 units

at 8 stations in regions with high percentages of foreign nationals. The

program will be expanded in the leadup to the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and

Paralympic Games.

容態把握等

関係者等への対応

Appropriate and rapid transportation

Tokyo, where foreign

residents can feel at

ease

Foreign Patient

English-using ambulance attendant

Response and treatment in English

Dealing with others

Overview of English-Using EMS Units

Fire station EMS units Fire station EMS units

Marunouchi Marunochi EMS Unit Kamata Airport EMS Unit

Kyobashi Kyobashi and Ginza EMS Units Shibuya Shibuya No. 1 & No. 2 EMS

Units

Rinko Tsukishima EMS Unit Shinjuku Okubo, Nishishinjuku No. 1 and

Nishishinjuku No. 2 EMS Units

Shiba Shiba EMS Unit Fukagawa Ariake & Toyosu EMS Units

Assessing condition

- 39 -

1 Removal of Hazards

This includes the prevention of fires and the mitigation of human damage in case of spills of

hazardous materials or materials with hazardous properties such as NBC materials (nuclear,

biological or chemical), and the removal of natural phenomena-caused hazards.

In 2014, TFD units attended to 5,432 incidents

to remove hazards. This includes 1,989 hazardous

materials incidents (36.6%), 748 gas incidents

(13.8%), and 240 (4.4%) incidents caused by the

inappropriate use of fire.

In Tokyo there are tens of thousands of

hazardous materials facilities which store or

handle hazardous materials or materials with

hazardous NBC properties. These hazardous chemicals are transported in large amounts by trucks.

In order to cope with hazardous material or NBC material disasters, the TFD deploys the 3rd and

9th District Fire Rescue Task Forces, and nine Hazmat Units in fire stations. These teams are

equipped with various Hazmat equipment including mass-spectrometers and staffed by crew who

have completed special courses on hazardous materials and materials with NBC properties. Further,

the TFD has formed an on-scene advisory system in which an agreement was made with hazardous

materials specialists (including toxic, corrosive, and radioactive materials, etc.) to obtain their

advice during incident operations.

3-6 Measures against Special Incidents

7053

6258 61636300 6389

6148 61996441

56945908

5432

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

7000

7500

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Total Cases

1,98936.6%

74813.8%

2404.4%

2,45545.2%

Types

Hazardous materials Gas

Handling of fire Others

5,432

- 40 -

Hazmat Units (As of April 1, 2015)

District Fire Station Unit Name

1st Fire District Akasaka Akasaka Hazmat Unit

2nd Fire District Oi Oi Hazmat Unit

5th Fire District Hongo Hongo Hazmat Unit

6th Fire District Senju Senju Hazmat Unit

7th Fire District Joto Ojima Hazmat Unit

8th Fire District Mitaka Mitaka Hazmat Unit

Higashimurayama Higashimurayama Hazmat Unit

9th Fire District Fussa Fussa Hazmat Unit

10th Fire District Shimura Shimurasakaue Hazmat Unit

2 Flood Emergencies

In Tokyo there are 127 large and small rivers, and sea-level lowland areas. 821 places are

designated as the Flood Protection Hazardous Areas (in case of rivers managed by the Land,

Infrastructure and Transportation Ministry) and the Important Flood Protection Places (in case of

rivers managed by the TMG), since such places have a high risk of inundation once a flood or high

tide occurs.

Fortunately Tokyo has not suffered major flood damage like river bank collapses since 1975, but

it has much more “urban flooding” with small-, and medium-sized rivers overflowing banks, and

low-lying ground becoming inundated.

From the time the Meteorological Agency reports to the TFD the coming of an abnormal weather

such as typhoons or heavy rains, the TFD keeps close watch on the changes of weather conditions

including the route of a typhoon and rainfalls. If flood is imminent, the Department places its

personnel on the alert to prepare against emergencies.

The TFD also obtains information on the weather and the water level of the rivers from the TMG’s

Disaster Information System and the Meteorological Agency’s Disaster Weather Information

System, so that early warning and response alert can be issued to fire stations.

Depending on weather conditions or the extent of flood damage, the TFD issues the Flood Alert

or the Flood Red Alert, and calls back off-duty personnel and volunteer fire corps members to be on

the alert.

(1) Flood Alert

This is issued in the following circumstances to have fire personnel gather flood information and

be prepared against possible disasters.

- 41 -

Issued by Criteria for issuing

Fire Suppression Deputy Division Chief

1. It is necessary to enhance information collection because a typhoon is heading towards the eastern part of Japan.

2. A tsunami alert is announced for the Tokyo Bay area. 3. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or

other events.

Fire District Chief

1. It is necessary to enhance information collection because a heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction.

2. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or other events.

Fire Unit Commander

1. A heavy rainfall or flood alert is announced for the area of jurisdiction. 2. It is necessary to enhance information collection because of weather conditions or

other events.

(2) Flood Response Alert

This is issued in the following circumstances to summon off-duty personnel and volunteer fire

corps members to get them ready for disasters.

Alerts Issued by the Commander of Fire Suppression Headquarters

Type of deployment

Criteria for issuing Deployed personnel

Flood Response Alert Phase 1

1. A typhoon is heading towards the eastern part of Japan; or a high tide alert is announced for the Tokyo area and damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. A large tsunami alert is announced for the Tokyo Bay area.

3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters and the necessary firefighters working at time of the alert

Flood Response Alert Phase 2

1. A typhoon is heading towards the Kanto area; or a high tide or hurricane alert is announced and significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters as well as a third of off-duty firefighters and the required number of volunteer firefighters

Flood Response Alert Phase 3

1. A typhoon is heading towards the Kanto area; or a high tide or hurricane alert is announced, and large-scale damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. A heavy rain emergency warning, a storm surge emergency warning or a storm emergency warning is issued for any of the municipalities under the jurisdiction of the TFD.

3. Large-scale damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters as well as a half of off-duty firefighters and necessary number of volunteer firefighters

Flood Response Alert Phase 4

1. A heavy rain emergency warning or a storm surge emergency warning is issued for the whole jurisdiction of the TFD.

2. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather conditions or other events.

All firefighters and volunteer firefighters

- 42 -

Alerts which can be issued by Fire District Commanders

Type of

deployment Criteria for issuing Deployed personnel

Flood Response

Alert Phase 1

1. A heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of

jurisdiction and damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to

inundation from ruptured water pipes or floodgate

malfunction, etc.

3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather

conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters

and the necessary

number of firefighters

working at time of the

alert

Flood Response

Alert Phase 2

1. A heavy rain or flood alert or landslide damage alert

information is announced for the area of jurisdiction and

significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due

to inundation from rising or overflowing rivers, ruptured

water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc.

3. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to

weather conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters as

well as the required

number of off-duty

firefighters and

volunteer firefighters

Alerts which can be issued by Fire Station Chiefs

Type of

deployment Criteria for issuing Deployed personnel

Flood Response

Alert Phase 1

1. A heavy rain or flood alert is announced for the area of

jurisdiction and damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to

inundation from ruptured water pipes or floodgate

malfunction, etc.

3. Damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to weather

conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters

and the necessary

number of firefighters

working at time of the

alert

Flood Response

Alert Phase 2

1. A heavy rain or flood alert or landslide damage alert

information is announced for the area of jurisdiction and

significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur.

2. Significant damage is occurring or is likely to occur due

to inundation from rising or overflowing rivers, ruptured

water pipes or floodgate malfunction, etc.

3. Severe damage is occurring or is likely to occur due to

weather conditions or other events.

On-duty firefighters as

well as the required

number of off-duty

firefighters and

volunteer firefighters

- 43 -

3 Flood Control Activities

In 2014, the TFD issued Flood Alert 15 times,

Flood Red Alert Phase One 12 times and Flood

Red Alert Phase Two (fire district level and fire

station level) 5 times and conducted flood

control. The following chart shows the flood

damage and the TFD’s control activities. A total

of 2,391 firefighters (including volunteer fire

corps members) responded for the mitigation of

the flood damage.

- 44 -

Flood emergencies within the TFD service area (In 2014)

June 6-8 June 9-10 June 24: 1 June 24: 2 June 25 June 29-30 July 10-11 July 20-21 July 24-25 July 27 Aug 9-11 Sep 10 Sep 11 Oct 5-6 Oct 13-14

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Typhoon

(No.8)

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Typhoon

(No.11)

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Heavy Rain

and Flood

Warning

Typhoon

(No.18)

Typhoon

(No.19)

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood Alert

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 2

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 2

Flood Alert

Flood

Response

Phase 1

Flood

Response

Phase 2

Flood Alert

Flood

Response

Phase 2

Flood

Response

Phase 2

19 3 0 50 4 73 5 14 24 0 17 63 2 43 27 344Flooded (above the floor) 12 15 10 7 25 2 71Flooded (under the floor) 8 9 15 10 27 27 1 7 2 106Flooded (in basements) 3 1 31 27 4 4 5 1 2 78Totally Destroyed 0Half Destroyed 1 1Partially Destroyed 3 1 2 4 8 1 13 7 39Road Submerged 1 5 12 2 11 2 30 6 2 71Road Damaged 1 1Landslide 4 1 5River Bank Collapsed 0Overflow 0River Bank Damaged 2 2Others 7 3 2 2 5 1 2 7 1 1 14 16 61Dead 0Missing 0Injured 0Evacuated 0Rescued 3 3Flood Control 4 1 2 1 3 2 1 4 6 3 27Rescue 1 1Draining 4 1 34 36 4 9 7 7 9 111Posting Cordon Area 1 1Evacuation 0Water Flow Blocked 2 1 1 4Traffic Blocked 1 1Assisting Other Agencies 1 1 2Others 2 2 5 12 16 12 49

33 4 29 4 93 7 18 20 26 62 4 40 23 363Career Firefighters 147 18 116 31 401 33 73 84 117 259 17 204 129 1629Volunteer Firefighters 50 315 169 2 45 6 75 81 19 762

Total

People

Dam

age

Number

of People

Number of Fire and Rescue Vehicles

Flo

od C

ontr

ol A

ctivitie

s

Activities

Dates

Reasons

Alert Types

Number of Flood

Buildings

Structures

(Data totaled on April 1, 2015)

- 45 -

The Aviation Unit of the TFD was born in

November 1966 as the first aviation unit of the fire

department in Japan. It protects citizens’ safety by

providing aerial fire services for more than 45 years.

To deal with an increasing demand for its services,

the Aviation Unit helicopters are deployed in two

locations: Tachikawa City and Koto Ward, so they can

respond to all areas of Tokyo promptly. The TFD

started “Tokyo-type doctor helicopter” services, where doctors get on board the helicopter to

perform life-support care to the victims carried from the mountains or islands to improve their

survival rates and prompt recovery.

The Unit responds to major disaster sites in other prefectures in Japan as a member team of the

Emergency Fire Response Teams, and conducts rescue, EMS, firefighting, emergency supply

transport and information gathering. To major disasters overseas, the Unit is dispatched as members

of the International Rescue Team of Japanese Fire Service. It responded, for example, to the cyclone

disaster in Bangladesh, the forest fire in Indonesia and the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake.

1 Current Status of the Aviation Unit

In FY 2013, the number of Konotori large helicopter was increased, and the Aviation Unit and

the Koto Aviation Center are now provided with eight helicopters (four large and four medium-size

models) including the helicopters of the Fire and Disaster Management Agency of the Ministry of

Internal Affairs and Communications. The helicopters are engaged in various types of fire service

missions.

TFD Helicopters (As of April 1, 2015)

Name Type Deployed Month

& Year

Chidori AS365N2 Dauphin II April 1997

Kamome AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2009

Tsubame AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2010

Otaka (MIC helicopter) AS365N3 Dauphin II April 2006

Hibari AS332L1 Super Puma June 2001

Yurikamome EC225LP｢-｣ April 2008

Konotori EC225LP｢-｣ March 2014

Hacucho EC225LP｢-｣ April 2014

* MIC : Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

3-7 Aviation Unit

- 46 -

2 Activities of the Aviation Unit

The Aviation Unit carries out the following activities:

○ Firefighting, information gathering with helicopter TV cameras, and aerial command

○ Patient transportation in case of emergency

○ Photo taking, PR work and various investigations in the air

Much is expected of helicopters for their maneuverability at the time of a major earthquake when

ground operations are restricted.

Meanwhile, Emergency Fire Response Teams, acting under the Fire Service Aviation Assistance

System for Wide Area, responded by helicopter to the large-scale disasters including the Mid-

Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in October 2004, the Iwate-Miyagi Inland Earthquake in June 2008,

the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, and landslides in Oshima Island in October 2013,

and also to the forest fires in the Kanto region and its neighboring prefectures for firefighting and

fact-finding. For the eruption of Mount Ontake in September 2014, 9 aircrafts were dispatched to

transport personnel and equipment and collect information of the area.

In addition, the Aviation Unit also assists the International Rescue Team of Japanese Fire-Service;

the team, flying into the areas of disasters, engaged effectively in rescue operations at the sites of

earthquake-triggered tsunami, forest fires, and so on in foreign countries. Expectations are higher

now that the Team will demonstrate its great mobility both in Japan and overseas.

Helicopter Responses (past 5 years) Category

Year

Fire EMSDisas-

ter Rescue

DrillInvesti- gation

Patrol & PR

Testing Training

Educat- ion and develop-

ment

Others Total

2010 122 449 84 60 34 8 223 481 92 68 1,621

2011 104 484 155 30 21 32 262 417 93 53 1,651

2012 81 425 64 46 54 3 282 476 93 74 1,598

2013 102 442 92 40 25 4 316 363 124 59 1,567

2014 66 430 74 23 59 5 275 400 209 58 1,599

TOTAL since 1966

4,725 9,281 2,359 1,839 2,754 3,426 8,139 11,100 4,231 3,806 51,660

- 47 -

TOPIC ３

Air Fire Rescue Task Forces (Air Hyper Rescue)

The Tokyo Fire Department newly organized the Fire Rescue Task

Forces to respond to the incidents in inaccessible areas, such as high

rise buildings and isolated areas affected by landslides.Using the

mobility of helicopters, the Fire Rescue Task Forces arrive at the site by

air and conducts firefighting, rescue, and EMS operations promptly and

effectively.

Operations in a high rise Operations in an isolated area

- 48 -

Tokyo Bay, which serves as Tokyo’s maritime gateway to the world, is increasing in importance

as a logistics terminal that supports industry and the lives of some 40 million people in the Tokyo

Metropolitan region. As a result, port facilities are being expanded and enhanced and large-scale

development is underway at the Tokyo waterfront sub-center and other areas.

In addition to the comprehensive logistics basis for maritime transport, plans also call for the

development of new passenger ship docks to accommodate the increasing number of cruise ship

passengers and other major changes are taking place in the area. It is also becoming a city center for

leisure including marine parks, education, culture, and sports. In the lead up to the 2020 Tokyo

Olympics and Paralympics, further development and increases in large vessels are expected in

surrounding areas.

Amidst such circumstances, the TFD is planning to upgrade fire stations to meet the future urban

development and administrative demands of the new Tokyo waterfront sub-center.

TFD Fireboats (As of April 1, 2015)

Fireboats

Less than 10 tons From 10 tons to 100 tons

From 100 tons to 200 tons

Total

4 4 1 9

Fireboats’ Responses (In 2014)

Total Fires Others Drills & others

1551 51 488 1012

3-8 Port Fire Service

- 49 -

1 Volunteer Fire Corps in the 23-Ku Area

(1) Organization

Volunteer Fire Corps were created in

accordance with the Imperial Command

issued in 1947. Based on the Ordinance on the

Establishment of the Volunteer Fire Corps in

the 23-Ku Area, the Corps were formed in

each fire station's service area. (2) Duties

Much is expected to the activities of

Volunteer Fire Corps in times of emergencies as the organizations closely related to communities.

They are given important duties as an integral part of the TFD Disaster Plan. They conduct

firefighting, flood control and rescue in cooperation with TFD firefighters.

Also, volunteers give training to community residents on fire prevention, initial firefighting, first

aid with AED and rescue to prepare for earthquakes. In times of disasters, they take actions

according to pre-determined roles. (3) Command Structure of Volunteer Fire Corp

Volunteer Fire Corps’ System

○ Ordinary Times ○ Disaster Times

3-9 Volunteer Fire Corps

(Note) In case of the addition of a special skill team, it is led by one Deputy Chief as a commander.

For corps with 400 members or more only

Volunteer Fire Chief

Deputy Chief (General Affairs Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Fire Suppression Branch Chief)

Deputy Chief (Training Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Disaster Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Education Branch Chief) Deputy Chief (Accounting Branch Chief)

Corps HQStaff Corps HQStaff Corps HQStaff Corps HQStaff Corps HQStaff Corps HQStaff Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch

Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch

Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch

Fire Corps Branch Fire Corps Branch

Fire Chief

Deputy Chief

Deputy Chief

Deputy Chief

Deputy Chief

Corps HQ Staff

Corps HQ Staff

Corps HQ Staff

Corps HQ Staff

HQ command & division command

(Division command)

(Division command)

(Division command)

- 50 -

Resources of Volunteer Fire Corps of the 23-Ku Area (As of April 1, 2015) Volunteer Fire

Corps Volunteer Fire Corps Division

Corps Members

Main Equipment & Tools

58 439 16,000

○Portable pumps 990 ○Vans to carry portable pumps 223 ○Fire Corps Division facilities 990 ○Portable radios (400 MHz) 1,728 ○Rescue tools 990 ○Portable hydraulic rescue tools 439

(4) Measures to Reinforce Volunteer Fire Corps

○ Recruiting more members

・Recruitment from a broader range of groups, including office workers, college students and

women on the basis of the concept of having community residents as volunteers

・Promoting the Certificate for Srudent’s Volunteer Fire Corps Activities

・Promoting the PR of workplaces in Coorperation with Volunteer Fire Corps

○ Improvement of the Division HQ facilities

・Promoting the improvement of the Division HQ facilities as operational bases

○ Enhancement of Corps’ disaster response capabilities

・Increasing the number of vehicles loaded with portable pumps

・Provision of headlights

・Increasing the number of portable hydraulic rescue equipment

・Development of On-the-Ground III-Category Special Radio Operators

・Provision of emergency food supplies for Volunteer Fire Corps members

Recruitment Poster Certificate of Volunteer Fire Corps Cooperating

Company

Corps’ Branch HQ Building

Portable Pump Carrier

- 51 -

2 Volunteer Fire Corps of Tama and Islands

The 25 cities, three towns and one village in the Tama area entrust their fire protection to the TFD.

However, volunteer fire corps activities and firefighting water sources management are among the

responsibilities of those municipalities.

In Tama, due to its regional characteristics, its local people have traditionally placed high

expectations of the activities of volunteer fire corps. The volunteer fire corps members of Tama

receive training at the Tokyo Fire Training School or a fire station in Tama. Volunteer members

from islands are trained at the School.

On the fire ground, volunteer corps work under the command of TFD fire station chiefs. This is

stipulated in the Fire Service Organization Law.

Resources of Volunteer Fire Corps of Tama and Islands (As of April 1, 2015)

Resources

District

Volunteer

Fire

Corps

Members

Fire Apparatus

Pumpers Small

pumps Containers

PR vehicles

& others

Tama

Fire service

entrusting areas 29 7,925 297 371 145 38

Other areas 1 183 8 9 0 1

Islands 10 1,206 26 70 40 10

TOTAL 40 9,314 331 450 185 49

- 52 -

TOPIC 3

The TFD conducts recruitment throughout the year in order to maintain the

number of firefighters. Recruitment and PR activities are intensified in the period

from January to March to replace the firefighters who retire at the end of the

fiscal year. Based on the “Tokyo Volunteer Fire Corps Day” on January 15, the

month of January sees intensive firefighter recruitment activities with various

sign-up and PR activities promoted in Tokyo during this period.

Recruitment of Volunteer Fire Corps Members

TOPIC 4