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9>::, ffij-Ml!:J$J/f'±iJJrr~~*]1~z.xlf1o R E. L. Sauer and H. C. M. Case,Soil Conservation Pays off Bulletin 575 Agricultural ExperimentStation, University of I1linois. April 1954 P. 19.
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iiY\; fl~il!JJi»1l!i±~z!'Ji, Pickrel, Luther fIl D. E. Hathaway tE~~H1l~~t&
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:WJf50ElltJ¥J~~o :p}~, f7Sl.~.~~.l}\l1t!'t€t*'lz:Mrr"l(E~~k, JlUJtMiIffl~z.*~~, aWi\j~i*~~~~1n.~~~~T~, ~~~.A';~~~~M,
fiJ~j,'IZSl.A';~EttJ'iJf;li!inltz~~o
.~~E.i*H::R.~tif'Fgz3CJh z /Ffilj!jj:#i)rl tUn:~~Eao Jftfijji*lI~!jj:
~~.rea~ ~~.A';~. ~u~~m~ ~~.~•••Ajl.~.A';~a, ~~~.*~~.oIZSlJft, mn.J¥Jnlt*~~Wi\j~i*m~orm~~*fz~~
4l-&~*, dtlZSl.A';fHttt1n.!jj:~~z.a~~~iff$rmijfE1n~e~,ttJ..!\GIZ5I.A';Z~
'~/F~rm~j?~E~z~@, *6*~.JbI~.A';*~re~,tJ*~~ft*;ijB@-~
2f;l$J.A';z~f!11t~o ~iliXj,'Jttfl~~z~1:, ftI.!(i1Jrl1ttlllA';z~., 1J!~.~
a~~E~z~@, ~JfJ3E~~B9.A';:fW~JlIJo
**~~Z, jj.li;j1ti*ztlll1\'fj1$(l)!i1&~*~fllfij:,Jtm:re.z.ffl~mfJ'j~0
(2)Et1n~*fzl¥i{ftnlt*fE:, tE/I'IJ~~.r~*tUli:~, ~~*~O~~~ft~tl:o 1*-~-z, ~~*~J!~mB9~:t;, /Fr.lj:J;jH~iWIIHI:&.~fi/F/l'lJiW.~~1t~o (3)lt
~ffuj]~!1!1[1n1iTf*~-*fJt~~J¥J.~:&.~JtiW.~$U!toillJt~~m(l).~
.~~.B:M~M~~*fzWjra'UE.~1Jt~, ~Jh~1:.reM:~~z~JU'~o (3);;rrWl!J1H~l}\l.A';~:fl iiYl, JlUtE~1t11t?41fJlt~1:./F1lJfili tJtJ¥J~~o $1nJ3E~~~~
lI1\'fj1$(l);;rr.A';~.~~llE~, Jlljm14z~*'l~m~1ilo (2)rm;tj'U'lw~~.tJ§ ~
fd'-=:-r-: ~/iffEE, "mi&i'ILl::fi7l<±.f*r-I~f{~M~", ~iIt,!J:ltf!z~t1l.!WM~X~,
:I¥ 35 JiofU.'-=:-r-=:: (1) Sauer, E. L. et, al., Costs and Benefits from Soil Conservation in
Northeastern IllillOis Bulletin 540 Agricultural Experiment Station,University of Illinois, June 1954. P. 568.
(2)*~ifJil'f, !,!~'l!!ff~~", '$/MJIfl)lOC-W$rr, ~W1i-rf\~-r Jlj'l})lOC,:I¥ 12-26 Jio
( 33 )
-108-
:&~~B~r•• (:t!Q**B9~lfil!'#;Wj~ 1Jt1tiM;lX~ ¥isLnJ(;*:EOlJ:fii~):It:J1Jjg:fl~'Hffi
a9~8~, ~~ft!:rjJ~]I~J~7'C~1'1o@~~~~(l)JtfflA.o(2)jlfllft~$*0 (3)
ft*11W8~:mPZ~~m.o
:<t(if~iI:In~mIi+~1f.:fL~2j,\\l1tPJff~z~*rm~l±lo 'llfB(Vifb'z_*~
:In~1Jllt*1sl~t*±1)+H~~JIlJ J;t~, A:lj!:1E~~~~1f.1:.5f!:~z ~~, ?~Jt:lnll&JJi
iE:~ztl!fF~~~8~Z~R, [';I§llt, Jt:lnPJf~btzrJ.llI!~;!W800:fF~0 ~:t'T_
*~B¥8~fi.~*±*~, ~m8~, :In~~~~~~~m~~I±l~~~~
z~jlm~,~~I±l-••~~#~~zVi~o~~~*~Z~~~~~*~~1ffilli~fiz~~, [';I§ lltJt:ln5f!:it:l1f.J!t ~tl!f'f Z Jt ffl, WiX;'&:fl~It iliH~z1iJIili, fllj
~*±*f,j~~zJl'lif5:flFJi'iIl\\j{, 1td~1~W8~~, -~1j1J1l5t_~fl:J~Jl1J115f!:tTjz
1:.:!'it:flW8~1iJ~4-~~-:tZ~1Jo =*1iJ~tf:&.I:t~JU~1t~PjfwEt.z:&:~, m~:±tE~*-:gfRT~l-I.1:tt_~ (!f.fgIJ;lE5f!:~~~) tl!f'fil8~Z~8~~flh 1JQ1*!'Ik~fl~8~m~ttz~~~, ~V§:R t1 iJJ~8~Z ~tlt, tE4-~ZTtFf~J:::li1JIlt£*}{
flzti:i:oi~l!I!:ttf,OCz7.K±i*f,jj{J'iH~n1il8~jlfl7ttJT~5f!:, !:f!; I!l\llIi-t-~if.Pjf*1ltZ~
;jS/-, :ZP~~~:ZP:It:J~J¥~13,5075f:, ~~mIi+-t~~1!F_*PJf*~z~Etlj{ffl
13,289 5C.I:t~fii'l3:&: 1.6%, ~tH8~Jt*l~1f.:ZP:4t~~~jlJltffl2f:It:Jlt 15,9915f:~fiU~1tJt;jS/-13,289 5f:i'l31t~, ~1ji'l3:&: 16.89% (~2-6)0 [';I§w,lJ1t_*Z7J<.:i:i*f,jj)!:JH~~!:f!;l!JlllIi+-t:1f.:mJt~:s'l.Zm~1f., *m*!E[iJtJtJz~~o ~1fIT~8~
.•*fl1f~*±*f,j~Jt~*!E[iJtJ¥H!B!U8~Z~*, *IUiJtJH~lj~ill!ii\~ 7.KX~ 13~ [';I§~Z~"lk*, [';I§!lt.f:!il1f.z*!E[iJlt fflPjf:fl:&::W<, lltMZlt*fi'f¥RJfX.tt1lEl/J'Eifz~1!FVi~~~~~lt~z~~, ~!:f!;~~~~~, ~~~~~Zm~,~J;t ••••~.aM~~~Jt~~~z~m.~*~&o&Z,~~~JfX.W.~8fi~1:~Jlljl1nmfmllt~~x, 1fITPJf1~Jt;jS/-Z~1Ittt#,~i'i!lio
1"U-:ltBI!!£~E.Jt*f~w,lJ1t~M.I:t~~§.9[;~~1.t:B9;lECD~*~~;t§rei] '?®It••Mz1f.~, ;lE~~~'?®~~Jtftz*~~§~~fi~~i'l3~?&~~~m
~~~Z[';l§~, *~~~Rm~~PJf~Jt~z:&:~~JfX.W.~w,lJ~PJf~:fl®13
lIm_*zJt*li'l3Klt.o !:f!;l!Jllllii·1\1f.:&Ii-t--t~Zw,lJ1!F~~~~l!Jlllli + /\1f.-t:~ ¥.Ii -t-:fL1f.1\~ JfEz~I:~.!F~f4:f.j1m~:fZZlli!~~~$;*tJ(~ilfi7.llj1Jn J;tlt~, 11milfi7.lljz#;:fZlli!~1:.Et$;*, ~e.~~1t~*lEl3:1n~H'i1Z::f[qJm:fl&531j C~* 4
-1), ~J;J,Wfjf;ifl.\*~~&, I1JT1E{'%l!S1~~.ft~:f.jWl;j1t~zl:Pjf~;~1faI7.llj_*
4l!~.*:t9:Qm:l:~1fz~itfJm~c5t~J{~~~zi;;~):(E~1f.~m1~fFltm1fITr§·,
lU'lt!l:ttB9~;Mf'fltm C1,(Q-jtJj7J'~" =m7J<.~~) ~*, ~J;J5i!j~~JlJ:*::\Ht\tz*
~)i, ;r~JEM.ffl~ _~~ J;ibt~JlJ:~i!I!z AlJUI'1:ltJl1Z*i*JlJ: tJi1*i1z*tJi1~ i'i!li,llt~~iJJ~El3.~D.~UW.,~~~~.~zl:~PJf:(Eo[';l§~,~fflW.~::f
@11JJ;t~~~~z~1:.,1fITR~m~~z~§~*~~m*zW~~~D~o~
~8.Z·Frli*ITiin, ~it~:.*1iIimA TJ'tf'flt.z.l:t{7!J.I:t••_**, *;!'t:(E\1I:j,~
JJiaiJ;t~~JHmIJltm~E~, 3Z.~.I:t~._*~Jtli1lto :jI}~, El3:1n~~~J.JIJz:m*
( 34 )
-109
~ 4-1 i:!nt~/;&it.~#f-j}1l:t,IhR~.~lj~'f.1i.;Il~A.~
~=t.tt.~ Wt.fft: M~j[;, %
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8,070
8,953
12,520
9,347
11,772
15,995
17,669
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
9,792
10,136
7,612
6,147
5,627
7,070
121.34
113.21
60.80
65.76
47.80
44.20
12
6
5
4
5
3
+21.34
+13.21
-39.20
-34.24
-52.20
-55.80
100 87.83 -12.17
*~ft~Z~~~~~*%~~~nTA~&nT~~~~Z~fl~~~~o*~ffi
~~~nT/\fuffl>K~~7f,0
** if~13it l:tZ:J.Jnf!l!~:ititi:{f j;:{;ffp!,:j¢(~ff'I!ti:o
!t/FJI'l], m*~~8~Jt*'l-~ilIIff1tJt*'l-z 2f~~~, nJffJmfiJtfl J;J,4t~ti7JIjztt*t\fI:mmt\fl:~7JIj*;tt1Jnffl2f~t\fI:o ;tt~t*milllff:1!fJtfllU8~Jtflm; 12.1796 (1if
4-1) (~+=.)o
.... tflif.\ft~~Ji:It*~= -~,,--
:l!if.;n-~*
(-) .~ttJ£*zit.:
£~rm~{t~~Jtzi'tJlX~~I'fJ~JtoffijL~~8~i:t~ilIIff1t~?JfliZJtflffi
K~.M*,.1tJtfl~~E~Jtfl~~~%o.*Jtflz~~ n~~~E
-j---t:if.:fLJI .1tJtfl~Z~:f!(ifi~1:.~~*T J;UIl~(jtt=+lm), :p}~4tif.1:.~
~*~JlX~~7J1j J;J,~f!jjiJE-j-- l\if.~{l*i\!!~l±I, ~~~.~~~~JtzJlX~ (~
I"&l1f&t~fii~71j~~*), ;ttM*~f!jjiJn+~if.~f¥JlX~m 612 x, ~f!jjiJE+
-f:::¥~f¥JlX~~ -976 X, 1lii~f!jjiJE+l\if.z~f¥JlX~~ -9,090 X (lltt\fl:@:
~.L~W~~~~*~~~Z~~,*~~~~~*±~~Z~*~, ~
~~0~tmr:
~=T=:~~~fl~*.*~~~ft,~~~~~*~~m*~flm~~~Z.#,Jt~tmT: .*~c~m*!Ji!~*~ ~~ftm1S-~Zw Efl•••m, 1962~m1!tl:t~~{!£T 18.58%; ~ 1967~mftl:t~~~1fl 24%, 3T~~~r,tkliJ~%
~~~~&.~#§z~~3T~o(~=)
i\t:::T~: ~~l:t{?lj::f3 100/88, ~~1!tM~~~Mz 87.83%, tmW\;~WIaft.#~~~~~.flz*~~~~WIa1!t~#*~l00/~o
(35)
-110
Z~.~~~mft+A~~~~n+n~~~Zre~~#~z~~~~~M~~
*».~mft+~~zi~Hi~~it~mH\1,-JlIjf&rl'1'~nIt*.tiH\~*,~~, fF~
~~:m~mm~.~~.~~t9:Ji:\lM'~,i&A.m~~iiJn+7\:¥-;&n+~~f.mIJ~), it~ilii~z~~t9:f(~~:m -10,176 5C (~ 4-2)0
~¥t*±f*fif»'AI;fH'If~D9!t9:Ji:i¥fliliij§, ~mft+7',~fti-/\:¥=:¥/Hli.tJ.>,rt[:!&Ii![~*.~.~*±*fif:mlx~:m 148,897 5C, fflm~1i&:mlx~~ 119,359
5C, f&tI:, ~rl'1'.~l:*±*fif~lflx~:m 13,516 7t:, fflm~1i&JlJj~lflx~m
7,173 5C (~ 4-3)0
*- 4-2 ~-t",R1f J/t Jzi ~ it Jf-e*.:r:&i'lf1j!~111i~~J~RlG*z.J&~ijHJ~)
~ § m~li-r1\$ .mWl1t-r.f::;$ ~~1t-r/\$*
f!: ~ 612 -976 -4,763
'* li -253 133 133
IJ, it 359 -843 -4,630Ii
rJJ~RlG* 237 365 4,460
1& ~ 122 -1,208 -9,090 -10,176
*.mWlli-rA$Z.f!:~J&~.M~RlG*~~m~li-rA$~A~1t-rn$1\Az.~~
jtf;J€l-[t$Jffij~o I3I1jG~.niW~~*~&.liz.J&5<:fjlf?G,ttcfi0t§.!~1t-r·t~Z.~~~0t~~~.o~~~$z.~~~~~~~~o
*- 4-3 ~~A+~~A+Af~fM~~~~*~~~
JJ...f{t ,,"tt:ie.~ fa'.t.~J:.i:.~.jij t@j 4ijEj3xl1:l (7(;) ITiift(Ej3) ft;rJJ.~l:5<:11:l (7(;)
7J<±i'il~1I~
~~~~ e1t-r1\~) 15,739 1.616 25,434e1t-r~~) 13,507 2.83 38,225e1t-rA$) 15,058 5.00 75,290
Jl1 ~ 1IIi e1t-r1\$) 1,333 1.00 1,333:m l!Jj e1t-r1\~) 15,114 0.57 8,615
ft ~ e~rJJ.~l:~5(I1:l) 11.016 148,897
,§.!rJJ.~J:4ij;Ej3xl1:l 13,516
fflm~]ifjfAA
1W 7.f< ill! eli-r~$) 25,172 0.66 16,614eli-rA$) 5,899 6.95 40,998
tl~~ Cli-rA~) 7,393 8.03 59,366!IF 7.f< .. C1t-rA$) 2,381 1.00 2,381
ft [f c,§.!rJJ.~J:~3tI1:l) 16.64 119,359
,Ei.\M.IlJitJ:4ij;Ej35<:11:l 7,173
jfM*iJJi: ~ 2-6 &~ 2-70
( 36 )
-111
l:iltZ{t~~JtjJ!ll:R;rl'l'.~l:*±~~:&JfH'"~~3t~it~~.M~~T1t
*z;ltJrtrJ~jt, :B'~lm~~~ 30 ~, ~;flj~~ 8?6, JlIj?JT;f<~zlI~~nlt*~
n~4lt1f' 6,158 5[;, jjt.~m.Rllr:
R;rl'l'.~l:*±~~~jt~~T1t* 13,5165[; xO.08883=1.2015[;C~~T1t*Z-)
7.K±~~IYfH'"~~~jt~~T1t* 7,1735[; x 0.08883= 6375[;C~~T1t*Z=)
~3t~~~~T1t* Crl'l'1tT1t*) 5,4575[;XO.08883= 4855[;C\ti:=-tn)*±~~~~~ft: C1tt=-t;\) 1,7775[;
*±£'J:~fflffl~~~I4Ui. CU=-t-I::) 1,1545[;
i£~~Jtz~gtffl(;*
tlt~Ntffl(;*
10,1765[; x 0.08883= 9045[;
6,1585[;
C=) I.t~it~~z.tt.:
*Htt1*±~~:&.±itMIJmgrflJld~Nz.*~IU~:Ii!VtHilj, *~~t5lftzJF
~~*~~~o*~~*±~~~~$ro,~~~~~~zt5~~lft.~~,~
~~~JC~;ffll;frl3'i"t1&t1 Cjt{Il1*~Rufttjij ... c*~tfF~), *t£~~gt.l:~m
rg1&t1zlft.1f7* (Lag in Accrual of Benefits) (jit==-ti\) , jt?JT~ztt
~~~~~o~.~~.~m~~~~jtM~~, ~~~~1&jt~~t£~l-g
if.~7'C~i"t1&Jllg~ (Complete lag); ~4~z{&~~~M*1Jr!,-t~~{&fla~
~JIj§*~~ C~=-rJL); n~;f<~~~!itzt5jft, ~5Em 16~Z{&Mt~1E7t
;f1j~Jllg~ (full benefit), :wrll;f~If'~~¥1~WJ.5[;C~.=-t); ~~5E~ 4
15if.~~~~~l:n-Jllg~(straight line lag) 0 Jllj:tn~m~lm~~~ 30 ~:&.
~;flj~~ 8% zlI~n~~~4lt~4ltIf'~ 9,7505[;, jtlft.~~Rur:
;1 l=..=:i<E: .*~Ej3 ±:r1frtEiIT'Ij~t,jjl;f3M0~~7}.tIi~ 1,181,468 5G 7 216.5( Ej3)
=5,4575Go i'fM*i!j: ~:rJJ!!" iJJ~liJf'1lf.ll1!i-, ~ 46Ji, ~'=:+'=:o
it.':.=:+7\: 7](±f¥«iij';~ili .f*.I;;{iic~j!fMz2jS~~l!l!:iHifA'~ftllH!t.flz ZJS~~l!l!:iHi.
~fiti:, 7})j1j:!mil'liZJS:!0iTiHlh(3,349 5G x26.2B6+400Ji; x30.02) 756.306=1,777 5f;
ilt'=:-f--e: *±f*«i~~ili.~~c~i'f*'te~*hifl~F~~-~~~mw1L.+I\~7E'fIt
1,154 jC, i'OC!f.l;;{J!t-ti:1i«ft~1J!iffzo
~'=:+A:~W.,i'fi!j~~~LW,~~~~~~*~~M,~~~W~~$rr,~
~1L.+:tL~1L.J1~j;ji,-ChaPter2, Benefit-Cost Evaluation As Appliedto AID Financed Water or Related Land Use Projects. pp.1--60.
~t..=:+:tL: ~gI, g;~~l$i, ~1Jf~i!&Jf.fRlf*Ii~I=!hmi4jt'¥jjfr 038E-fIIfi 07,~8J{o
~~+:~~,~~g;~~M~.~~liJf~(*~~z~±~X),~~*~.~~
~li1f1l:@i', ~1D1L.+.::::~1L..n+El, ~ 36Jio
( 37 )
-112-
1. ~ 4-15~r~'~~FJfii1J11z.Jlt~ 20,000)[;+ 12~=1,6677t/:¥(Annual Increase)
2. ~ 4-15~r~,z.~JlX~tJ.~4:¥z. 1,667 7tx42.1699=70,297 7tmfjfi'1{~ (Present Worth at beginning of 4th year)
3. 1$ 4-15 ~r~,z.~JlX~tJ.~l:¥z.fjfi'1{70,297 5C x O. 7938=55,802 )[;~ (Present Worth at beginning of 1st year)
4. ~"4-15~r~,z.~~~:Jn 30~f'g 55,802 )[;XO.08883=!4,-957 xl7t.z.if.ff~~ (Amortized for 30yr, 896) ". - --
5. ~ 16-30 if.r~'Z.~JlX~J;A~16~ 20,000:5C x8.559= 171,180:5Cz.mfjfi'1{~ (Present Worth at beginning of 16th year)
6. ~ 16-30 if.j~,z.*'!tJlt~tJ.~1 :¥ 171,1807t X0.3152= 53,956 5Cz.mfjfi'1{~ (Present Worth at beginning of 1st year)
7. :?f! 16-30 if.r~,z.~~~7t.1k30 53,956:5C x 0.08883= 14,793 7C1if.f'gz.if.ff~~ (Amortized for 30yr, 8%)
~if.ff~~ (Total Annual Benefit) (4,957+4,793)=I~,75Q:7(;1
** '€l~ z., *Tff~~1k~E!~ fMJf!w,lJ~ lSHi:;jSj-z.fl§:;W;, -~if.~tJf!fM Jlt~z.l'1H&
tt:&:!E(!lB~~z.!lB!i!Ittz'H~o 1&~*ffJ~Z.*±f*f;f~*!tm~il/.Il~HH', 11fR.&I1'[!lB[i![z.:rt;[email protected]*~m~ff1H~4-~I'fl~ 6, 1E8 7t, 1I\t!if.ff~~1i*i
ff~:¥~E¥~9,7507to JliJ
~*!t= .:::{~-=1.58: 1
J1t-ltfjfi~*if.z.*fi* 1.57: 1fi~ll~, ;Jtq:r!lft:¥ffnlt*tJl1tJ.il/.Il~, m~Jlt~
7Jfff.J!~t~Hi'i, 1&~5!~if.~1'fl9,7507t, 'I'~~~Jlt~1*l;A~:fZ~{?1J, ;Jtflli
*fMz.Jlt~ IiJll!H~ fll1!oJlt-ltfjfi, :{E4-W:z.Tff~$1\li1iJ*at ;Jtilli*fMJlX~z.fI!fltt
~fjfio*~4-~z.Tff~~*W~, ~m*±f*f;f:&~~Z~:rt:{E~rr:!E(!lB~~~
~r1*1i:tffiJi¥J 0
( 38 )
-113-
1. ~tIJ:tii&!f-f.:I*1I W-l:lt!Hl~ f,ij, ~ r:p~i&!f-f, ~:P.'" ± iJil~2l?±itkillm~~ll!tIa=?to
2. ~tlJ1tii&)ff!lM\eW-l~.iOCf,ij, ••Ulit!!Z§3~U~Mlfl3t~, A;m:;:-,;-t~=
Jio3. "*tiM17.K±i*fif.il!It" .~~21~~2Wi, A;m;\+~-Jl+;/\I3, :m 7,
12,41-43 ». 44-49 Jlo4. ~:J;!)m, "~.g.tt"'±i*~2l?±it!!;tllmit"~Uii~HJT~~m~¥IH5·" 7](±i*
~••~-t, .tIJ:ti~r:p~*••••~fi~~~.:tii&)ff.:I*eW-l~.~f,ijffifi, r:pm.M~~~~~~*~~,A;mn-tn~-t=Jlo
5. ~*<lli'f~, "L¥ti'Il-M'~.. W-ljf'H~mE:I:~fi~ (fJJ:!Pf~H!f) " ~."'±'f*~
.fi,.l~~lWl, r:p_*±i*fif.~A;mn-tn~-t=Jl-l3o.U
-32 J{o6.•lIt:tii&!f-f.:I*.W-l~.~~,••1lUl!l1lit!!'f*lfillme=?t, A;mn-tjr--t
=Jl7. *aEffl", ••;ai!Ut'U.!~~HJTzm~(5fd~~~1lJ:f±~3c), .tIJ:ti~*
~*••••~fi~m, A;mn-tn~nJlo
S·M*. ".~W-l.~.~H.~.~~fi"••±it!!••~fl.7~.2Wl, A;mn-tjL~6Jlo 1f,S9J'{o
9. • 1l*W-l.~fi~/Hg, ~MIl4~it!!.~~jUIIE.fil;5-, A;mn-tjL~n
JJ 0 Cnbffi)10. ~:J;!)m, i!f~~••J:M-, .tlJ1i~*~*.ft#, ft'f%Jjjgl±l~,mffifi, A;
lJ!l'an-tjL~nJJ :p}~o Chapter 2, Benefit-Cost Evaluation As Applied
to AID Financed Water or Related Land Use Projects. pp. 1-60.
11. 5R3£'i:, ••••••fi••••z@~ft*", ••:ti~r:p-"*••••~fi~m, A;mn-tn~=JJ0
12. JjlmM, ....FJfmm7.K±*fif:;JJi*~~W".:p¥**III~T1J, • 3 ~.1
Wi, 7.K±*fif.il!It, *_:1*.*, A;mn+A~-t=JJ=-tnl3,.I-~
J{o13. lJ)*~, "*kittt7.K±*f¥/!l..±~fIjJ1UtJ1J" .:p.**.:fETlJ.=:~.-:M,
A;mn-t/\~T=JJ*nl31f, 63-68 J{oM.$.§...~L¥, ••~~~~~zm~fil;5-, :ti~r:p~*••••~~~
m, A;mnT=:~o
15. x-f-5E, ".tlJW-l~~7.K±i*W' •••n~T1J, ~n2~.4Wl, A;mn-t~-t=JJ 0 .137 Jto
16. 51t~~, ....W-l:ll2~••" •••n:fETlJ, .12~~gg:M, A;mn-t~T
=JJ 0 • 171-184 Jto
( 39 )
-114-
17. jl~~, '';~UU~~" ~.~il!x:Jff.:U.Ufiliffi, m$¥Jl/t 038E-lilei 070
18. Economic Research Service. U. S. Department of Agriculture An
Economic Evaluation of the Great Plains Conservation ProgramERS 440, July, 1970.
19. Johnson, R. W. M., An Economic Analysis of Soil Conservationand Land Retirement on South Island High Country Research
Report No. 62, Agricultural Economics Research Unit, Lincoln
College, May 1970 35pp.
20. Held, R. Burnell, Melvin G. Blase and John F. Timmons, SoilErosion and Some Means For Its Control Special Report No. 29
Agricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa St
ate University, Ames, Iowa, August 1962, 32 pp.
21. Blase, Melvin G. and John F. Timmons, SoU Erosion Control InWestern Iowa: Progress and Problems Research Bulletin 498, Ag
ricultural and Home Economics Experiment Station, Iowa State
University Ames, Iowa, Oct. 1961, pp. 276-324.
22. Sauer, E. L., and H.C.M. Case, Soil Conservation Pays Off. Bull
etin 575 Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois,
Urbana, Illinois, April 1954.
23. Pickrel, Luther and D. E. Hathaway, "Agricultural Conservation
Payments and Farm Practices" Quarterly Bulletin Michigan State
College, East Lansing, Feb. 1954, pp. 318-330.
24. Subcommittee on the Economics of Soil Conservation, Conserva
tion Problems and Achievements on Selected Midwestern Farms,North Central Regional Publication No. 23, the North Centrol
Farm Management Research Committee, July 1951, 53 pp.
25. Sauer, E. L., J. L. McGurk and L. J. Norton Costs and Benefits
from Soil Conservation in Northeastern Illinis Bulletin 540, Agri
cultural Experiment Station, University of Illinois, June 1950.
( 40 )
ffl~-
H .M~.~m~••~m#•• (I.)
-115-
m tt~F ;ltfj I • ex) ~m58:¥=100
--~~----- ---------
~m 50 :¥ s 35.03 57.80
51 36.09 59.55
52 36.53 60.28
53 37.76 62.31
54 38.76 63.95
55 41.26 68.09
56 43.93 72.49
57 50.99 84.14
58 60.60 100.00
(::) ._~.~m~~.~m#~.m~(~~#~)
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51 102.16 85.8352 95.60 80.32
53 91. 73 77.06
54 94.92 79.74
55 103.91 87.30
56 109.66 92.13
57 117.30 98.55
58 119.03 100.00
t='l ~~~.~m#~.~~ffl&~m~
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57 109.64 101.80
58 107.73 100.00
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~m 56 if. 99.14 90.43
57 111.57 101.77
58 109.63 100.00
( 41 )
-116-
flftj!t=
1962, 1967:¥.*~e~[liUl*J&~Wi\J~Jt*'f~I¥.*.mzlt~
1962if. 196 7 ~
112 I\Jft ~ 1t fl2 I\Jft ~ 1t~-_._-_.-.
--~_._--~-
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S ?t It 100.00 81.42 100.00 124
fl m ft 774.44 750.43 1,010.94 1,288
1lE *f ~ 4,739.80 4,097.39 5,268.94 6,751
A::C~(~§t.5*I) 1,504.78 1,505.21 2,436.97 3,794
frli lJ. * ~ i'il j!It 419.90 413.91 914.98 1,339
7K 1l'1 658.44 322.61 760.99 1,123
.~ * ¥t m 1,155.13 1,516.52 1,343.46 1,638
:jt ffu 2,101.13 207.83 2,994.88 680
m ~ m * f! 570.21 513.04 1,008.71 1,308
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/J' R ~ !1: 165.~2 85
till fli 122.61 410
'flj -'iI!. 138.26 592
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H *'+ 'l1t 33.04 608
~ % >T.!€ iii 'I\lt 348.70 305
tJT fi ~ 953.91 1,019
,Ill ~ *! l1i 'l'l 104
~*,f3!~iilJ(: CD~2~ujt¥HiMiEl.§1;!9.i:n:-t-~~*lt2I\Jft¥IH!;·, ~~1I:li!&1&t!f*~~$, 1963~
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( 42 )
-117-
*ffl~r*FJf~~~WJzlt~f,HII~:¥zItM,iID~~~zlt~JllJffiJ;)Jl.';m
~:¥~~*~~~.~~~~~*~~.~m#~~mlt(~MM~&~~~)
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57 117.87 98.00
58 120.27 100.00
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57 118.26 102.66
58 115.19 100.00
~*~f*~: C'jf~wi&IfJ'±'cil-~, ~j.j1Bi~liJTt!!f?i{gfliiiilfft!Jtj1!f*lEJtlJ~~~ 58 if. 12 JJjji, ~ 12:& 16 J'r.
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( 43 )
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( 47 )
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-153-
An Economic Evaluation of The
Integrated Soil-Water Conservation andLand Use Program
A Study of Farm Record Keeping familiesin Sa-Lu Cheng
Carson Wu and Barbara~
Summary
Economic growth and population pressure in Taiwan havepushed the land use to be allocated between industry and agri
culture sectors in the plain areas. The intensive use of land in
Taiwan is a well known fact.
Under these conditions the direction of land development
suitable for agriculture is toward the slope land areas which are
between 100 and 1,000 meters in elevation. However, the utiliza
tion of slope land must be accompanied with soil conservation
practice. This research project is to study the economics of the
integrated type of soil conservation.
The study area of this project is Sa-Lu Cheng, Taichung
Prefecture which is close to Chung-Hsing University for the
convenience of assisting and supervising farm recordkeeping.
The data was collected from record keeping during the period
of July I, 1969 to June 3D, 1970 from 25 farms and the previous
investigation in the area.
The results of the analysis areas follows.
1. The costs of investment and maintenance of different types
of soil conseriation practices were:
bench-terrace ditching soU-embankment
labor material total labor tnaterial total labor material total
Invest- $ 14,294 1,697 15,991 1,333 1,333 9,720 9,720
Ment % 89 100 100 100 100 100 100
malate- , 2,902 445 3,347
nance % 87 13 100
-~ •.._ ..._----
* Visiting Associate Professor and Research Assistant respectively Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, ChungHsing University.
( 1 )
-154-
2. In the study area, most farmers planted Litchi fruit tree
after soil conservation treatment. Among 28.483 chia of total
crop land investigated there were 24.56 chia* (86.23%) to
grow Litchi, the other uses were for pear, orange and miscel
laneous crops. The direct costs of growing Litchi rised every
other year. Farmers would get revenue from Litchi after 4
years of planting. Hence for the first four year the net
income was negative. The revenue of Litchi at the the
seventh year after planting amounted NT $ 16,092.5 per chia
which could well cover its operating costs of NT $ 14,771.81
chiao
3. All data were adjusted to 1969's price level, and the benefit
cost ratio of soil conservation in Sa-Lu Area would be at
1.58: 1. From this point of view, the use of the slope
land under the Integrated Soil Conservation and Land Use
Program would be economically feasible.
From this study, three conclusions could be drawn.
1. Bench-terrace was the most prevailing type of soil conser
vation practice due to its suitability for the early stage of
orchard growing or traditional experience. Nevertheless, this
type of conservation practice demanded a lot of labor work
about 247 man-day per chiao In the situation of labor move
out of agriculture in recent years in Taiwan, either the
shortage of farm labor force or high labor costs will prevent
this bench-terrace practice to continue. Agriculture as well
as soil conservation in slope land must be operated in the
method of labor saving and mechanization. In the future,
the practice will adjust to farmers' need and be sought the
most suitable type for the area.
2. The land was used more effectively when farmers participated
themselves in this integrated program in Sa-Lu area. Most
farmers adopted long-term farm enterprieses or perennial
crops such as Litchi instead of short-run crops according to
natural conditions and price incentives. The costs of the
long-term crops varied from year to year, so the method of
collecting data should be different from survey method, and
* 1 chia=0.9699 hectare.
( 2 )
-155-
farm record keeping method can make up some weakpoints
of survey method.
3. Farm record keeping is more suitable for long-term crops
to set up detail items of production costs in order to make
a reference for farmers to improve their farm management,
and for government to extend a most effective agriculture
type in the slope land areas. The results of farm record
keeping were mostly influenced by the attitude and coopera
tion of the farmers.
From the above conclusions, we would like to suggest:
1. The government should help farmers to improve their prod
uction technique in gowing fruit tree. Land is one of our
scarce resource at this stage. We should not let it to be
used in a low efficiency condition due to individual farmers
default.
2. The government should assist farmers to set up local agricul
tural group. In the meeting of the group, they could invite
experts to help them in improving their soil conservation
practices and farm managemnnt method. In the meeting
they can also determine to construct the public utilities for
the development of their communities. In addition, they can
adopt common practices and common marketing for their
farm enterprises in order to obtain the advanteages of mo
dern farming.
3. Government should set up an agency to render the loan
service to farmers with low interest rate. Since both the
growth of orchard and the operating of livestock enterprises
take a rather long production period, farmers in slopeland
need more finanical arrangement than the average farmers.
For the purpose of helping farmers to use slope land more
effectively and economically, it is necessry to loan farmers
with low interest rate.
( 3 )