ii- so… what’s changing in africa? a- economic growth forecasted growth in 2013
TRANSCRIPT
II- So… what’s changing in Africa?A- Economic
Growth
Forecasted Growth in 2013
http://www.lefigaro.fr/
http://www.pnud.bf/DOCS/report_omd.pdf
Figure 1: Evolution of GDP per capita, 1990-2009Figure 2: Evolution of the % of population living below the poverty threshold ($1.25 a day) between 1998 and 2008
Regional Economic Dynamics
Regional GroupsShadow ZonesEconomic Dynamism
Outside of State control
Economic motor of Subsaharan AfricaThe LocomotivesOther Subsaharan African States
http://www.portdakar.sn/
B- An Africa which is benefitting more from
globalization
Video: Port of Dakar
http://terangaweb.com/
Highest FDI Recipients
“Extremely attractive, the continent receives a progressively larger share of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). However, this tap is unequally distributed and concerns especially the heavy weight African champions. In its last report on Foreign direct investment in 2011, the UNCTAD (United Nations Conference of Trade and Development) predicts that investment flows will continue to increase to stabilize between the range of $1,400 and $1,600 billion, which corresponds to the amount before the crisis in 2011. They should then reach a level of $1,700 billion in 2012, then $1,900 billion in 2013, corresponding to the level reached in 2007.(…) During the period between 2003-2011, fifteen countries concentrated 82% of these investments, according to figures supplied by Ernst & Young. South Africa taking the lion’s share followed by Egypt, Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Nigeria, the most populated country on the continent, and the petroleum-rich Angola, whet the appetite of investors. On a regional scale during the more recent period of 2005-2010, North Africa dominates the ranking, followed by Central Africa which has been the second highest recipient of FDI on the continent for the last few years, except in 2009 when it surpassed the other regions.”
Source: Léopold Nséké http://www.afriqueexpansion.com/les-ide-en-afrique-/4191-les-ide-en-afrique--les-principaux-beneficiaires.pdfhttp://afrique.arte.tv/blog/?p=1168&o=1320&oimage=http://afrique.arte.tv/wp-content/uploa
ds/senegal-00.jpg&otitle=Moussou%20Koro%20Diop,%20%C2%AB%20taxi%20sister%20%C2%BB
Video: Statue de la Renaissance arte TV
Africa and FDI
Source: La Tribune (May 2012)
Growing Chinese Market Share in Africa
China is not only exploiting raw materials in Africa. It is also supplying cheap basic products, renovating roads, railroad lines, official buildings. Lacking energy? China is building dams in Congo, Sudan, Ethiopia and is preparing to aid Egypt in launching its civilian nuclear program. Need a telephone? It is supplying all of Africa in wireless and fibrotic networks. Local populations are hesitant? They are opening hospitals, dispensaries and orphanages. Whites were condescending [….]? The Chinese remain humble and discrete. Africans are impressed.
Source: La Chinafrique, Serge Michel and Michel Beuret, 2008
China donates the construction of the future headquarters of the African
Union, Addis Ababa (AFP)
Construction of a road in Addis Ababa (slateAfrique)
Manmohan Singh (Indian Prime Minister), Teodoro Obiang Nguema and Jean Ping at the African-Indian summit in Addis Ababa, May 24, 2011.
IndoAfrica in pictures and the pressL'Indafrique en images et dans la presse
Annual trade between Africa and India represent 40 billion dollars (between Africa and China 120 billion), dollars with Africa in 2005. The latter represents 4.6% of India’s foreign trade. It is a far cry from the exchanges between Europe and Asia but Indo-African trade quadrupled between 2003 and 2007. India’s main African partners are currently South Africa, Nigeria and Kenya.
http://www.franceculture.fr/
RFI, 8 juillet 2010
Source: www.jeuneafrique.com
Lula in Africa: “It is important for Brazil to join with Africa in the growth process”March, 2013Former president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva ended his six-day trip to Africa last Tuesday, March 19. Continuing the work of encouraging dialogue and cooperation that he began even before he assumed the Presidency, Lula met with presidents and former presidents, ministers, representatives of political parties, businessmen and unionists from Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria. The former president returns to Africa in July for a seminar on the fight against hunger that will take place on July 1 – 2 in Addis Ababa (headquarters of the African Union), sponsored by the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the African Union and the Lula Institute.
Source: Instituto Lula
Lagos
C- Spatial Recompositions: Cities at the center of modernization
African Demographics from 1950 to 2010
• Total population increased by 5• Urban Population increased by 15 - 16 times (i.e. ≈ from 20 to 325 million inhabitants) • Urbanization rate from 11.5 % to 37.3 %• UN Estimation for 2050: ≈ 62% urban
dwellers, i.e. 1.2 billion
http://www.gapminder.org/
In D+C Développement et Coopération (No. 5, September/October 2002, p. 8-
10)In Monde Diplomatique, blog carto,April 2010, by Philippe Rekacewicz
What sort of urban explosion are we talking about?
Urban growth in West Africa in 1990 and 2020
(source : FAO, in Croissance démographique et développement urbain:impact sur l'offre et la demande alimentaires, Bilan et perspectives à long terme en Afrique de l'ouest)
1. Mobile Phones
A. Urban Modernization spreading through technology
Video: Africa
open for Business -
Congo
Mobile subscriptions in Africa rose from 54m to almost 350m between 2003 and 2008, the quickest growth in the world.
Source: The Guardian, Oct, 2009
Between 2007 and 2012, the number of mobile phone subscribers in Subsaharan Africa increased by 18% a year
Source: Jeune Afrique, 12/11/2013
Boom of African Mobile Telephone Industry
Cell Phone subscriptioins
Land Lines
Internauts
15
20
25
30
Africa's mobile banking leapSub-Saharan Africa is, famously, poorer than other regions on earth. But in certain key areas, that relative under-development may allow the area to leapfrog technologies used elsewhere. Leo Mirani's map of countries where mobile phone-based payment systems outnumber traditional banks underscores the point. Mobile phone infrastructure is actually simpler to build than traditional landline phones, so in most of Africa mobile phone penetration actually spread faster and further than traditional wireline phones. And because most Africans never had access to traditional bank accounts, there are no powerful incumbent interests keeping people locked in them. Almost everyone thinks the mobile payments revolution will come to America someday, but it's already arrived in much of Africa and will come to dominate that continent before any other.
Source: http://www.vox.com/2014/8/26/6063749/38-maps-that-explain-the-global-economy
2. M-Pesa - Innovative Banking Solutions
Today, 17 out of 19 million Kenyans have a M-Pesa account. (…) According to the Gallup Institute, 66% of money transfers carried out in Kenya were done by mobile phone (2% by banks) and the continent is leader in this type of transaction.
Source: Le Monde, 18/08/2013
http://www.innov8tiv.com/
http://pritamkabe.wordpress.com/
Source: Vodafone
Video : Vodacom - M-pesa
Source: Union Internationale des Télécommunications 2009 http://www.cgtfapt77.fr/
Actors of mobile phone market in AfricaCompany Country # subscribers Presence in
Africa (# of countries)
Revenue 2008 (M $)
MTN South Africa 64.3 M 15 12,088
Zain (Celltell) Kuweit 41 M 15 4,169
Vodacom South Africa 34 M 5 6841
Vofafone UK 21.1 M 2 1609
France Telecom
France 17 M 14 2330
Millicom Luxembourg 90.4 M 7 711
Portugal Telecom
Portugal 60.3 M 4 1661
Moov The United Emirates
15 M 7 NC
Vivendi/Morocco Telecom
France/Morocco
10.1 M 2 202
3. Improved Internet InfrastructureAfrican Undersea Cables for 2012 and 2014
Sources: http://www.lemonde.fr/http://economie.jeuneafrique.com/
http://afrique.arte.tv/blog/?p=2222
Shoprite à Lagos
D- Social recomposition in the working: places and actors of change
An African Middle Class
According to the African development bank (ADB), the rapid expansion of recent years has noticeably increased the middle class, which will continue to grow, from 355 million people in 2010 (34 %of the population of subsaharan Africa) to 1.1 billion (42 %) in 2060.Calestous Juma, “Le nouveau moteur de l’Afrique”, in Finances et développement (IMF magazine), Dec 2011. www.imf.org
http://www.forbes.com/
2014African Entrepreneurs
Future Builders of AfricaEntrepreneurs dominate the 2014 edition of the ranking of the top 20 young builders of the future of Africa published by the magazine Forbes. Two young Senagalese entrepreneurs are in the grouping. The top ranking went to Magatte Wade . This 38 year old business woman is the founder of Adina World Beat Beverages which sells tea, coffee and juice in the United States using Senegalese recipes.The second Senegalese prize winner is Dieynaba Ndoye Bakiri (37 years old), the co-founder of the brand Colorii, specialized in beauty products for black women. The Ivory Coast is also represented by two entrepreneurs: Eric Kacou, cofounder of the consulting firm ES Partners, and Swaady Martin-Leke, former director of General Electric south of the Sahara who launched the luxury brand of tea, Yswara.Congo counts for one entrepreneur, Vérone Mankou (27 years old), designer of the first tactile African tablet (Way-C) and head of the technology company VMK. Togo also counts one single entrepreneur, Jean-Marc Savi De Tové (40 years old), associate at Cauris Management.The majority of Africans who figure in the Top 20 of the future young builders of Africa are senior executives of multinationals, members of government, senior civil servants and professional athletes.
Source: http://www.agenceecofin.com/ March 14 2014
Video: Africa – open for business (Nigeria, Uganda, Congo)
Shujaaz comic books• multi-media platform that aims to help
improve the lives and livelihoods of young people in East Africa.
• launched in Kenya in February 2010 • written and presented in sheng - the
contemporary slang language of Kenyan youth, mix of Swahili & English.
• Shujaaz (which means "Heroes" in Sheng) comprises free monthly comic books distributed nationally, syndicated daily FM radio programmes, national TV shows, social media, text messaging and internet content.
• Shujaaz now reaches 69% of Kenyans aged 15–24.
Women as Actors of Change
Why African women are the drivers of development
• Women are a formidable economic force across emerging markets in Africa, yet their role in economic production remains largely unrecognized. Their continued inability to access and control economic and social capital assets and resources has been a central factor in perpetuating Africa’s poverty trap and keeping the economic performance of many African states below their potential.
• “We need to ensure that the energy, skills, strength, values and wisdom of women become an integral part of the remodeled economic infrastructures now being developed by global leaders. Empowering and investing in women is part of a global solution for us all, now and in the future.”
Source: Graça Machel, African Elder, Activist and Former First Lady of Mozambique and South Africa
Women and NGOs
"On l'aura compris, les femmes africaines n'ont pas la partie facile. Mais cette difficulté est aussi ce qui les rend fortes. La formidable puissance économique et sociale des femmes africaines distingue en effet ce continent du reste du monde. Leur présence massive dans le secteur informel et la production de biens alimentaires font d'elles des agents économiques de premier plan, que l'émergence d'une société civile conduit de plus en plus à s'organiser. C'est désormais surtout avec les réseaux de femmes, coopératives de production, syndicats agricoles, associations de quartiers, que traitent les ONG internationales".
Source: Sylvie Brunel, Sciences humaines, 03/03/2012)
December 9, 2006 : Tontine in the district of Niamakoro, Bamako, Mali. Networks of women generally turn to the voluntary system of group savings, the tontine, to start businesses.The secretary writes down the amount contributed by each of the participants.
Source: http://civilisations.revues.org/
2008: Creation of the Tanzania Women’s Bank (TWB)
http://www.jeuneafrique.com/19/07/2011
African Women and politics
Women in Subsaharacn Africa occupy a more active place within governments and Parlements than any other region of the developing world
In Rwanda, women occupy 51 deputy seats out of 80, i.e. 64% since the legislative elections in 2013
Great Women Leaders• Wangari Waathai, Nobel Peace Prize in
2004 (1st African woman awarded)
Video: Taking Root - The vision of Wangari Waathai 0 – 6’48
E- Democratic Aspirations
Magazine Carto, July August 2010http://www.carto-presse.com/
Video: Ted Talks ngozi_okonjo doing business in Africa
“Africa is rich. It doesn’t need help. What it needs is more transparency.”
Mo Ibrahim
Ibrahim Prize: Annual Prize given to the African country with the highest score /100
$5 million award paid over 10 years followed by $200,000 /yr paid for life thereafter
Based on 4 indicators:1. Safety & Rule of Law2. Participation & Human Rights3. Sustainable Economic Opportunity4. Human Development.2014 recipient = President Pohamba of NamibiaPast laureates: Chissano, Mozambique (2007), Mogae, Botswana (2008) and Pires,
Cape Verde (2011). Nelson Mandela was made the inaugural Honorary Laureate in 2007. No recipients in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2013
Link: Mo Ibrahim Foundation
Improved Transparency
Mo Ibrahim
Video: VOA Straight Talk Africa: Significance of the Mo Ibrahim Prize 4’15
“In Western countries, we only hear about Darfour, Zimbabwe, Congo, Somalia, as if there were only those countries. There are fifty-three countries on the continent, and many of them are doing very well….”
Source : Mo Ibrahim while conferring the Mo Ibraham Prize in 2008, quoted in Courrier international, 7 January 2010