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Egg yolk antibody (IgY) for pigs
Escherichia coli K88 Escherichia coli K99 Escherichia coli 987P Escherichia coli F18 Clostridium perfringens Salmonella typhimurium Porcine Rotavirus Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)
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Adherence Inhibition
Neutralisation
Agglutination
Cause damage to cell structure
IgY: Mode of Action
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Prevent pathogenic microbes from binding to their targets in the host Not allow them to get access to nutritious
elements
Mode of action 1: Adherence inhibition
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The IgY concept: functional mechanism
Step 1 : Adherence and colonization
Fimbriae
Epithelial cells
ETEC E. coli model
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IgY blocks adherence and colonization
The IgY concept : functional mechanism
IgY
Fimbriae
Epithelial cells
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Prevent viruses from invading host cells and inactivate them
Inactivate toxins produced by microorganisms
Mode of action 2: Neutralization (virus and toxins)
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IgY
Virus
Epithelial cells
IgY blocks adherence and invasion (neutralization)
The IgY concept : functional mechanism
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“Tie” microbial cells together, stop their movement Help immune cells to catch and destroy microbes
easily Indirectly improve host immune status
Mode of action 3: Agglutination (all microorganisms)
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Globigen Control Globigen Control
Days after birth Days after birth
Globigen improves host immune status: influence on serum IgG content in calves
(Study by Erhard et al. 1999)
Serum IgG concentration Calculated total serum IgG
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Inhibit growth of pathogenic microbes Prevent them from getting nutritious elements from host
(such as iron, etc).
Mode of action 4: Cause damage to cell structure
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H. pylori
Hp + IgY + L.gasseri Hp + IgY
Hp + L. gasseri
Changes to H. pylori by IgY and probiotic
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Detection of passage and absorption of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins in the gastointestinal tract of pigs by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and fluorescent antibody testing.
[American Journal of Veterinary Research 1993]
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Material and Methods
Specific pathogen free pigs aged at 6 days after birth was used. Anti-E. coli K88 fimbriae egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) was given and the samples were collected at 2, 6, 24 hours after the administration. The remaining anti-E.coli K88 fimbriae IgY in the gastrointestinal tract was measured by ELISA. 13
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IgY concentrations in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs
100
2h 6h 24h
0 Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Large intestine
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Anti-E. c
oli K
88 fi
mbr
iae
IgY C
oncentr
atio
n
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Passive Protective Effect of Chicken Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins against Experimental Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Neonatal Piglets
[Infection and Immunity 1992]
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Material and Methods
Animals: Newborn Large White Pigs Infection: K88+ ETEC 1012 CFU / piglet K99+ ETEC 1012 CFU / piglet 987P+ ETEC 1010 CFU / piglet Antibody: ETEC originated Anti-K88, K99 and 987P fimbriae IgY antibody Groups: Control – placebo treatment 3 Test – 156, 625, 2500 titers Duration: 7 days from 1 day of age Evaluation: Clinical symptoms, bacterial count
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Diarrhoea Incident Rate with ETEC K88+ 100 80 60
40
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0 0
1
3
5 Days after infection
Control (n=7)
1 (n=7)
2 (n=7)
4 (n=7)
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Dia
rhoe
a In
cide
nt R
ate
(%)
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Isolation Rate of ETEC K88+ by Rectal Swabs
100 80 60
40
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0 0
1
3
5
Control (n=7)
1 (n=7)
2 (n=7)
4 (n=7)
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Days after infection
Det
ectio
n R
ate
(%)
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Passive Immunity Effect of Chicken Egg Yolk (IgY) against Transmissible
Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) in
Neonatal Piglets.
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Material and Methods
Animals: Newborn Pigs
Infection: TGE Virus 100PDD50 /Piglet
Antibody: Anti-TGEV IgY antibody
Groups: Control – placebo treatment
Test – Chicken egg yolk antibody (IgY)
Duration: 14 days from 1 day of age
Evaluation: Clinical symptoms, weight gain rate
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Clinical symptoms and weight gain
Mortality
Days of diarrhoea continuing
Accumulating diarrhoea score
Weight gain rate (%)
(%)
Control (n=5)
IgY given (n=6)
80 12.4
0* 5.2**
70.0 -19.9
21.5** 7.7**
*: p<0.05、**: p<0.01 There was a significant difference between the test and control.
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Advantages of IgY
High antibody titer can be induced. Higher affinity compared to other animal originated
IgG. Effective against viruses. Safe (No residue). Control only targeted pathogens without affecting
good bacterial flora. Easy handling and application for animal feed.
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Effect of egg yolk antibody (IgY) during pre-weaning and post-weaning period and weight gain effect until
finish in pigs
Conducted by Chang-Yeu Liu, Ph.D.
Animal Technology Institute, Taiwan
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Material and Methods Animals: 160 Pre-weaning piglets
144 Post-weaning piglets
Dosage: 0.5% IgY added pre-starter feed for 2 weeks
0.035% IgY added starter feed for 4 weeks
Duration: From Day 1 of age until finish
Evaluation: Weight gain, diarrhoea, mortality
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Trial Details Pre starter
80 pigs each
Control
Starter
72 pigs each
28 days
Control
Test 0.035% IgY added feed 28 days
56 days
Raised normally for this period Control
Test
56 days
120 days
180 days
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Test 0.5% IgY added feed
Weaning
14 days
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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in pre-weaning pigs
(14 days ~ 28 days old)
Starting weight
Finishing weight
Daily gain
Diarrhoea rate
Mortality
(kg)
(kg)
(g/day)
(%)
Control 4.05
7.82
269
2.02
4/80
IgY given
4.01 8.04
288a 0.82 2/80
Difference -0.04g
+220g
+19g
-2
a:p<0.05 31
(head)
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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs
(28 days ~ 56 days old)
(kg) 7.86
18.85
393
3.46
7/72
8.15b 20.72a
449a 1.02 2/72
+0.29kg
+1.87kg
+56g
-5
a:p<0.05 b:p<0.01 32
Starting weight
Finishing weight
(kg)
Daily gain (g/day)
Diarrhoea Rate (%)
Mortality (head)
Control
IgY given
Difference
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Feed intake (g/day)
FCR
19.03
70.39
734
2021
2.752
20.67b 74.38b
778a 2081 2.676
+1.64kg
+3.99kg +44g +3.0%
-0.076 (+2.8%) a:p<0.05 b:p<0.01
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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs
(56 days ~ 120days old) Starting
weight (kg)
Finishing weight
(kg)
Daily gain (g/day)
Control
IgY given
Difference
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Daily gain, diarrhoea occurring rate and mortality in post-weaning pigs
(120 days ~ 180 days old)
70.39
107.96
767
2559
3.336
74.38b 116.21b
838b 2669 3.185
+3.99kg
+8.25kg +71g +4.3%
-0.151 (+4.5%) b:p<0.01
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Feed intake (g/day)
FCR
Starting weight
(kg)
Finishing weight
(kg)
Daily gain (g/day)
Control
IgY given
Difference
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Estimation from the field trial
Groups
Finish weight
Weight gain between 120~180 days
(Kg)
(Kg) Control
107.96
0.767 IgY given
116.21
0.838
Control group was put on the market at 180 days.
Estimation of IgY given group put on the market with the same weight as the control.
(116.21Kg-107.96Kg)÷0.838Kg=Shortened by 9.84days
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