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Jacob Matsonmatsonj@uci.edu

Energetics• Enzymes stabilize transition state, lower activation energyGibbs free energy not at equilibrium:• ∆G = ∆G° + RTlnQ R=8.314 J/(K*mol) Q = [product]/[reactant]At equilibrium:∆G = ∆G° + RTlnKeq ∆G = 0, easy to solve for Keq

Energy Coupling• Link an unfavorable reaction (+ ∆G)with a favorable one (- ∆G) • Ex: many unfavorable reactions are coupled with ATP hydrolysis

∆H: Enthalpy: heat given off∆S: Entropy: how disordered something is

∆G = ∆H - ∆TS• A reaction has a ∆H = 0.5 kcal/mol, ∆S of 0.001 kcal/mol at 27 C• What will ∆G be? Above what temperature will the reaction be

favorable?∆G = 0.5-300*.001=.20 = .5-T*.001 T=500K

Pyruvate dehydrogenasename product

E1 pyruvate dehydrogenase CO2

E2 dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferaseAcetyl CoAE3 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenaseNADH

Prosthetic groups E1 TPP – thiamine pyrophosphate

E2 lipoic acid

E3 FAD

Note: overall reaction is Oxidative decarboxylation

Where is each vitamin found?

B1: thiamine -> TPP

B2: riboflavin -> FAD

B3: niacin -> NAD

B5: pantothenic acid -> coenzyme A

Which of these does not inhibit deactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1)?

A. Ca2+ calcuim activates the phosphatase, releasing inactivation

B. NADC. CoAD. ADPE. Pyruvate

What are the products of the TCA cycle (1 cycle)?

2CO2, 1 ATP or GTP 1QH2, 3NADH

How many ATP are made per NADH /QH2?

2.5 per NADH1.5 per QH2

How many ATP are made by oxidation of 1 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate?

Glycolysis= 2 atp + 2.5 from nadh+2.5 from nadh pyruvate carboxylase+ 10 from TCA=17 ATP

What enzyme catalyzes formation of the following molecule?

Succinyl-coa synthetase

Succinyl-coA to succinate

Makes one GTP/ATP

Draw the product of the TCA enzyme linked to the electron transport chain.

Succinate to fumarateBySuccinate dehydrogenase

AkaComplex IIIn

Which enzymes (TCA Cycle) produce NADH + CO2 through oxidative

decarboxylation?

Isocitrate dehydrogenase(isocitrate to alphaketoglutarate)

Alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase(alphaketoglutarate to succinyl coa)

Draw the product of the final oxidative step of the TCA cycle.

Malate dehydrogenaseMalate to oxaloacetateMakes nadh

Which of these does not inhibit citrate synthase?

A. ATPB. Succinyl-CoAC. NADHD. IsocitrateE. They all inhibit it

You discover a new species with 5 electron transport chain proteins. In what order will

electrons flow through these proteins? E0’

A 0 VB 1 VC -1 VD 3 VE -2 V

Start: E C A B D end

How many protons are pumped across each complex of the ETC?

I: 4 NADHII: 0 succinateIII: 4 IV: 2Where do NADH / Succinate drop off electrons?

How many hydrogens need to be transported across the inner membrane to make 1 ATP?

4

3 go through atp synthase1 needed for symporter of H and Pi

How many hydrogens are pumped by the ETC per oxidized glucose molecule?

10 hydrogens per nadh6 per qH2Glycolysis: 2nadhPyruvate dehydrogenase: 2 nadhTca: 6 nadh 2 QH2Total 10 nadh 2 qh2 100 + 12 = 112 hydrogens

FILL OUT YOUR EVALS PLEASE

GOOD LUCK WITH THE FINAL!!!!!!

Tired of studying? Watch these videos!!

Glycolysis regulationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LHMLHCx0ASM&t=2m20sHey There Pyruvatehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6TOdcaNw3IAMaking ATPhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YyN0wx2AHfE&feature=relatedOxidate it or Love ithttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VCpNk92uswY

If you want them, my answers will also be posted online at the link below within a day after this review. I recommend you try each problem first before seeing the answer to test how much you know.

https://webfiles.uci.edu/matsonj/Winter2012/98reviewanswers.ppt