9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Ideology, Nation and Nationalism

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

What is an Ideology?

• A subjective phenomenon

• Science of ideas and ideals

• A set of proposals about human nature and

society

• An interpretation of the past, explanation of

the present and a vision for the future

• Not consistent but dynamic phenomenon.

• Two ideological states in the world

I:- Pakistan II:-Israel

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Emergence of an ideology

• A phenomenon to achieve some

particular objectives

• Always emerges in crisis.

• Emerges amongst the exploited and

dissatisfied groups of society.

• Oppressed, rejected and mistreated

people lead to emergence of

ideologies.

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Importance of An Ideology

Works as a lynch pin among

revolutionaries

A cementing force

Provides a line of action

A pre-requisite for establishment of a new

social system

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

What is a Nation?

A European concept

University students from various localities

were called nation

Workers of a country working in

European countries were called nation

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Nationalism

It is a sentiment, a consciousness, a

sympathy, which binds a group of people

together.

It is the desire of a group of individuals,

who are already united by certain ties, to

live together and, if, necessary, to die

together.

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

It is just a state of mind

It is not a logic, it is intuition

It is not a thought process approved by the

laws of reasoning.

It is a conviction born of insight

It is a vision, an awareness

People die for their faith, they rarely die in

defense of reason

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Nature and Composition of

Nationalism

A study of modern nationalism points to thirteen

conditions or beliefs, which seem to make up

its creed.

1. Common group feeling

2. Love for fellow nationals

3. Common hostility to other like groups

4. A common territory possessed or created by

a Nation.

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

5. Existence of a common sovereign

government or the desire for it

6. The existence of common moral, social or

economic institutions or ideas.

7. Possession of some common cultural

characteristics such as

language,customs,literature,art,music and

folklore. Culture is the most lasting

foundation of nationalism.

8. Common religion

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

9. Common history or common origin.

10. Common character shared by the national

group. Geography, History, Religion and

culture combine to mold the contours of

nationalism

11. Common pride in national achievements and

common sorrow in National tragedies.

12. Simple devotion to the nation. “My

country, right or wrong”.

13. The hope that the nation will one day be

great

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

Evolution of Nationalism

Four stages:-

1. Three feelings which make up the

emotional basis of Nationalism

Oneness

Love for fellow nationals

Hostility to other groups

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

2. Three factors which form its

political and social apparatus:-

Territory

Sovereignty

Social ideas

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

3. Four beliefs which constitute its

spiritual equipment:-

Culture

Religion

History

Character

9:22:59 AM Masood-ur-Rehman Azhar

4. Portrays the sentiment of nationalism on the time levels:-

Pride in historical achievements relates to the past.

Devotion to the national cause concerns the present.

The wish to achieve greatness is a hope of the future.