ibm mainframe hw anatomy

8/12/2019 IBM Mainframe HW Anatomy

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The Hardware Anatomy of

a Typical IBM Mainframe

Environment

By: Ricky Wallsworth


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Hardware history timeline from 1888

1888 Bundy Manufacturing Co. forms

1890 Census Bureau selects Hollerith tabulator

1891 Computing Scale Co. of America forms

1911 Merger creates Computing- Tabulating- Recording Co.

1914 World War I begins

1915 First use of "THINK" signs at C-T-R1924 C-T-R changes name to

International Business Machines Corp.

1925 First meeting of Hundred Percent Club convenes

1929 U.S. stock market crashes; Great Depression begins

1931 600 Series calculating machines1932 U.S. files antitrust suit against IBM

1933 IBM enters typewriter business

1934 IBM employees get insurance plan

1936 King Edward VIII abdicates British throne


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Time Lines1937 IBM takes on "the biggest accounting operation

of all time"

1938 IBM headquarters moves to 590 Madison Ave.

1939 Poland Invaded; World War II begins

1941 IBM joins U.S. war effort

1944 Mark I, IBM's first large-scale calculating computer


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Developed in cooperation with Harvard University, the

Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator, or Mark I, is the

first machine to execute long computations automatically.More than 50 feet long, eight feet high, and weighing

almost five tons, the Mark I uses electromechanical relays

to solve addition problems in less than a second. It takes

about six seconds for multiplication, and twice as long for

division -- far slower than any pocket calculator today.

1944Mark I, IBM's first large-scale calculating computer


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Time Lines1945 Watson Scientific Computing Laboratory opens

1945 51 countries sign United Nations charter1947John Bardeen, William Shockley, and

Walter Brattain -- shared the Nobel Prize

for their invention..

The solid state switch or Transistor was born.

1948 Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator

1952 IBM 701

1952 U.S. government files second antitrust suit against IBM

1953 The Manchester Computer developed


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The Manchester Computer1953/55

believed to be the

The first transistor computer anywhere in the world!

54 words of memory


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IBM led data processing in a new direction

with the delivery of the

IBM 305

Random Access Method of Accounting and Control System

(RAMAC)

1956


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Time Lines

1957 Soviets launch Sputnik satellite

1961 IBM Selectric Typewriter

1964 IBM Launch System/360


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April 7, 1964

System/360

The first large "family" of computers to useinterchangeable software and peripheral equipment.

Fortune magazine said "IBM's $5 billion gamble."


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Time Lines

1966 One-transistor memory cell

1968 Cache memory

1969 U.S. astronauts walk on the moon

1969 U.S. files third antitrust suit against IBM

1970 Relational database

1973 "Winchester" disk

1978 Israel, Egypt sign Camp David peace accord

1980 RISC architecture

1981 IBM PC


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IBM launch the Personal Computer (PC)

An overnight sensation selling 136,000 in 18 months

16 kilobytes of memory and one or two 160k floppy disk drives.

System becomes the standard forcing competitorsto brand themselves "IBM-compatible."

1981


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Time Lines1984 Million-bit memory chips

1985 Token-ring network

1990 IBM sells typewriter, keyboard, printer businesses

1990 IBM researchers move individual atoms

1990 Communism collapses in Europe

Berlin Wall dismantled1992 ThinkPad

4 Meg of Ram


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Time Lines1993 Louis V. Gerstner Jr. becomes chairman and CEO

1993 IBM posts record loss

1995 Gerstner declares new focus on network computing

1995 IBM acquires Lotus Development Corp.

1996 IBM acquires Tivoli Systems Inc.

1997 Deep Blue defeats World Chess Champion


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The Z900 Mainframe

Today


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Business drivers

Reduce Manpower (cost)

Higher workload

ReliabilityAccuracy

Cost V benefit

Cost V benefitCost V benefit


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Electronic solutions.

Compelling business enablers or obstacles?

ForFaster

Less manpower

More AccurateReliable

AgainstExpensive

Rare skills neededSlow to adapt and change

Business bottleneck


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Overview of Hardware

From binary switch

To

Z900

At

Warpspeed


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Simple Logic With Switches

Battery

Buzzer


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First ComputerComplex Switch Array

LogicComplex Switch Array

(Relays)Input Switches Output

Control Switches


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Then came the Transistor


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The semiconductor sandwich

(Transistor)

M a t e r ia l ty p e P

M a t e r ia l ty p e N

M a t e r ia l ty p e P

C

E

B

c

e

b


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Home PC

built on early transistors


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Typical (Modern) circuit board with transistors.


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Selectable Mode Logic Array

I

N

P

U

T

S

W

I

T

C

H

E

S

O

U

T

PU

T

L

A

M

P

S

Transistor Logic

Complex Switch Array

Preset

Control

Setting

Preset

Control

Setting

Preset

Control

Setting

Preset

Control

Setting

Select

Switch

Select

Switch

Select

Switch

Select

Switch


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Switch

A locking Transistor Switch

Memory


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Sequenced Logic Array

(Sequenced Computer)

I

N

P

U

T

S

W

I

T

C

H

E

S

O

U

T

PU

T

L

A

M

P

S

Transistor Logic

Complex Switch Array

Memory

Control

Memory

Control

Memory

Control

Memory

Control

Sequencer(Counter/Pointer)


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How many switches ?

Extended Binary Coded

Decimal Interchange

CodeEBCDIC

Adding meaning to Switches (Bits)

ASCIIAmerican Standard

Code for

Information

Interchange

Code Systems


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EBCDIC Table


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I/O Improvements

CPU

ROM RAM

Memory

Addressing

How Many Bits In Address Code (Bus) ?


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The Transistor becomes

the Chip

= 100s


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CPU & MEM Fast

Human & TTY Very Slow

CPU & MEM WaitingNeed

to make batter use of expensive hardware.

faster I/OKeep processor busyTime slicing

Cost Issues

1965

Main memory of the 1130 computing system is a magnetic core storage

with capacity of 4,096 or 8,192 16-bit words.

The basic IBM 1130 computing system will rent for $695 a month

and sell for $32,280. A typical system with disk storage will rent for

$895 a month and will cost $41,230.

In Today's Money: 340,000 @5% compound


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Solution

New Input devices

Paper Tape

CardMagnetic Tape


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TAPES


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Problems with Tape

Stop/Start control & Endurance

Inter-record gaps

Locate Time

Slow

Human Intervention

TTY messages


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TTY Becomes a VDU

3270 is born


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Progress so far

Processor & Memory very fast

Paper tape/card/Mag tape

Require manual interventionVery slow

Unreliable

Poor access times


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Solution

Direct Access Storage Device (DASD)The disk is born

Inter-record gaps still an issue

Head movement a new problem

Indexing/Structured Files


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New Problem

Disks (DASD) complex Need intelligence

The controller becomes a standard

Scalability

Flexibility

Vendor independence


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Status

Many I/O choices But

Processor much faster

Processor Still relatively expensiveProcessor Still waiting most of the time

Solution:

Multi threading / Time slicing


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Multi threading / Time slicing

Requires more memory

Addressing becomes a problem

24 bit addressing required (16meg)

Channel architecture becomes standard


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Progress So Far

Disk Unit

Controller

Tape Unit

Controller

Disk Unit

Controller

Channel

CPU

Processor

Memory

Processor

Supervisor

Channel Channel


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Business Pressure

Pressure to exploit increases

Need to reduce relative cost

More requests for processingMore demand on multi processing

Memory becomes a cost bottle neck

Virtual Storage/Paging

D t i t


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Data input

A new problem

Punch Tape ?

Punch Cards ?

Magnetic Tape ?

Disk ?
http://www.rdrop.com/~jimw/P0377.JPG


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SolutionVDUs

Cabling & Limitations

3270 Protocol

Local Controllers
http://www.cs.ncl.ac.uk/events/anniversaries/40th/images/ibm370_1682/20.jpg


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The Network is Born

More console messages

Users demand Remote access

Network ControllersTP software

Need more power

More CPUs

More Channels

Addressing Moves to 32 bit. 4 Gig

S


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Progress So Far

Tape

Unit

Tape

Unit

DASD

Unit

DASD

Unit

DASD

Unit

Network

Controller

Network

Controller

Local

Controller

Local

Controller

CPU


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New issues

Massive Throughput

Total dependence

Change ControlDisaster Recovery

Console Management

Tape Management

Disk Management

Network Management

M P N d d


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More Power Needed

(Scalability)

Tape

Tape

DASD

DASD

DASD

NCP

NCPLC

LC

CPU

Tape

Tape

DASD

DASD

DASD

NCP

NCPLC

LC

CPU

PARARELL SYSPLEX


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Commercial challenges

ExpensiveUpper quartile skill sets

Slow to adapt

Users look for Solution that isCheaperMore Flexible

PCs

Token Ring

Ethernet

IP is born

TCP/IP is born

IBM Lose the plot !


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Solution

Personal ComputingDistributed Networks

Flexibility

Apparent Low Cost

But..Routers/Hubs/Switches

Backup/Disaster Recovery

Support

Management

Actual Cost

Scalability


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Until Z900

FeaturesMultiple 20 way processor units (16 user)

Parallel Sysplex (32 x 16way)

64 bit addressing

Super high density (47 Billion Transistors)

Smaller SizeNone Disruptive maintenance

2,500 Mips

256 Escon channel ports

24 Gb Ficon

5-64 Gb Sram

18,446,744,073,709,551,616 Virtual (2 Power 64) With ZOS

TCP/IP Consol support

2000 SSL transactions / Second

3000 million transactions / day


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Comments on SoftwareFirmware

Partitioning

Boot management

Hardware Monitoring

Operating SystemI/OPaging

Application Services

System ManagementApplications

Online

Batch


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Presenters Comment

First Automate the Back Office

Then Automate the Front OfficeNow Automate the Customer !

The Web


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ibm mainframe hw anatomy

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