iahr 2015 - water-air bubble screens reducing salt intrusion through ship locks, uittenbogaard,...
TRANSCRIPT
Rob Uittenbogaard (Deltares, Netherlands)
John Cornelisse (Deltares, Netherlands – retired)
Ken O’Hara (Flowthrough Ltd UK)
Water & Air-Bubble Screens Reducing Salt Intrusion
Through Shipping Locks
Commissioned by Rene Boeters & Hans van Pagee Rijkswaterstaat, the executive agency of the Ministry of Infrastructure and the
Environment
IAHR – 2015 Session 10K
Existing Locks:
1. Delfzijl 2. Lauwersoog 3. Harlingen 4. Kornwerderzand 5. Den Oever 6. Den Helder 7. IJmuiden 8. Spaarne 9. Schiedam 10. Spijkenisse 11. Stellendam 12. Terneuzen 13. Krammersluis 14. Bergse Diepsluis 14. Kreekraksluis 15. Antwerpen
Toekomst ?
16. Volkeraksluis 17. Dintelmond 18. Beneden Sas
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16
18 17
2
3
4
5 6
7 8
9 10 11
12 15
14
13
Shipping Locks Separating Salt from Fresh Water Water
Transport Sea ↔ Inland Waters
Total 267 kg salt / s excl. IJmuiden (1070) & Terneuzen (52)
Rhine: 270 - 400 kg salt / s
Terneuzen
IJmuiden
2
Our Test Site: The Stevin Shipping Lock
14m Wide
148m Long
4.7m Deep
Lock Gates Traditional
Air-Bubble Screen
Slots
3
Lock Seaward
Port
Lake IJssel
Water
Pump Δ- Bubble Screen
Δ- Water Screen
Δ- Bubble Screen
Δ- Sill
S - Bubble Screen
CTD’s
Ponton &
CTD’s
Stevin Ship Lock – Installation by Deltares
S - Bubble Screen
Ponton &
CTD’s
Water Pump
Landward
Port 10m 10m
In and Outside Lock : 7*5 CTD Strings - Top Three Floating
5
6
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
7
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
8
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
9
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
12
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
13
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
16
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Intrusion into the Lock
New Design of Air-Bubble Screens Replacing Perforated Pipes
19
Air-Bubble Screen - 10m outside Seaward Gate
Lnf Lock Floor
Sea Water Brackish
I II
III
V IV 0
Seaside Port Lock Side
Seaward Lock Gate : Freshwater Screen Shielding Air-Bubble Screen
• 2D Jet Shields Vulnerable Air-Screen Base
• Buoyant Jet
• Fresh-Water Entrainment to Lock
Freshwater Screen
20
1.6 m³/s
0.05m slot
2.3 m/s 2D-Jet
21
Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Water & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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30
Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
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Observed Sequence of Unhindered Salt Leaving the Lock
Air-Bubble Screen – inside Lock 10m before Landward Gate
Lnf Lock Floor
Lock Water Fresh Water
I II
III
V IV 0
Lock Landward Port
• Sill Shields Vulnerable Air-Screen Base
• Sill Reduces Lock Depth in Exchange Flow
Sill
43
Landward Lock Gate : Sill Protecting Air-Bubble Screen
1.2 m Sill Height
Landward Port
44
Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
50
Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
52
Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
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Sill & Air-Bubble Screen Reduces Salt Intrusion into the Lock
H D
h
ρ− ρ−
ρ+ρ+
g
U
δ =hD
2 = − ′ H
U D DFH Hg H
Lock Exchange Flow – The Classical Theory – Extended by Shin et al., 2004
( )12
g gρ ρρ ρ+ −
+ −
−′ =−
56
Reduced Gravity
Internal Froude
Number
Intrusion
Thickness
δ FH No Loss 0.5 0.5 Max Loss 0.347 0.527
57 Arrival Closed Gate Leave Lock
Unhindered Unhindered
Averages of Salt Mass ÷ Time Observations in Shipping Lock
100% Exchange 100% Exchange
58
Reduction of Salt Mass Exchange ÷ Unhindered
( )13
airair
g qFr
g H=
′
Lock Exchange Flow – Reduced by Air-Bubble Screens (Abraham et al., 1962)
Salt-Mass Exchange Hindered by Bubble ScreenSalt-Mass Exchange, Unhindered
η =Salt-Transmission Ratio
Salt-Mass Exchange with Lock Doors Opened
Froude – Air Number
qair is Specific Air Flux [m3/s.m]
( )12
g gρ ρρ ρ+ −
+ −
−′ =−
Reduced Gravitational Acceleration
59
Summary of Best Conditions for Air-Bubble & Water Screens or Sill
61
Theory Reduction Salt Transmission Through Shipping Locks
15%
15%
