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www.iagos.org
IAGOS : Atmospheric and Climate Research from
passenger aircrafts (10-20 by 2020)
Valérie Thouret and IAGOS teamLaboratoire d‘Aérologie, Univ. Toulouse – CNRS
Contact : [email protected]‐mip.fr
1GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
http://www.iagos.orghttp://www.iagos.fr
www.iagos.org
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IAGOS‐CORE (historical MOZAIC)•Equipping 20 long‐haul aircraft with scientific instruments for:
– atmospheric chemical composition (H2O, O3, CO, NOx, NOy , CO2, CH4)
– aerosol number conc. and size – cloud particle number conc. and size
•Long‐term deployment (20 yrs)•Global coverage •Open data policy (GMES/GEO/GEOSS)•Near real time data provision
MOZAIC : 1994-2014 (up to 5 aircraft)CARIBIC : Since 1997 (1 aircraft)
IAGOS : since 2011 (already 5 aircraft + 1)
IAGOS‐CARIBICDeploy the CARIBIC ContainerLarge number of species, including those above plus VOCs, CFCs, aerosol chem. composition, H2 isotopes, SO2
In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System
GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
Continuityin time
IAGOS‐CORE Permanent installations in the avionic bay of A340/A330
First flight of LH D‐AIGT on 8 July 2011Weight: 120 kg Operation: Continuous
Photograph by courtesy of Alexander Karmazin
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www.iagos.orgWhere we are now :IAGOS‐core
Lufthansa : July 2011China Airlines : July 2012Air France : June 2013Cathay Pacific : July 2013Iberia : February 2014
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http://www.iagos.fr
New destinations compared to MOZAIC:‐Pacific‐Australia‐Tropical regions
GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
www.iagos.org
World Integrated Data Archive
System Reanalysis
Assimilation of Real-Time Data
by Forecast Models
GAW Calibration &
Quality Assurance
Data Uses / Applications1. Public UV Warnings2. Public Ozone Bulletins3. Research4. Scientific Assessments 5. Forecasts of Ozone Depletion6. Improved Weather Forecast
Aircraft: IAGOS
Surface: GAW / ACTRIS
Space Programme: ESA
Real-Time Data Distribution:Weather Information System
Global Products
* Integrated Global Atmospheric Chemistry Observations
MACC /Copernicus
The IGACO* concept (Barrie et al., 2002)
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www.iagos.orgThe Central IAGOS Data Base
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• How is it organized today ? – historical MOZAIC data + IAGOS‐core (+ common subset of IAGOS‐CARIBIC)
• How to get access ? http://www.iagos.fr– Request on the web, abstract required– Open data policy
• Who are the users ?– Scientists (more than 250 groups worldwide)– Projects (QUANTIFY, AQMEII, AMMA, etc …)– Copernicus/MACC (In‐situ data provision and automatic model validation)
http://www.iagos.fr/macc
• Current developments :– FP7‐ IGAS (metadata standardisation, SOP and QA/QC procedures
harmonization, interoperability, merge IAGOS‐core and IAGOS‐CARIBIC, etc…)– Source/Receptor link (added‐values products to attribute the origin of observed
CO plumes : coupling IAGOS‐FLEXPART‐ECCAD)
What MOZAIC‐IAGOS data are used for (%)
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10
20
14
process studies
Climatologies & trends
Model Validation &AssimilationSatellites Validation
IAGOS‐ERI to IGAS : QA‐Concept of GAW
IAGOS-Data Base
IAGOS-Instrument/Observation
IAGOS-CalibrationLaboratory
IAGOS-QA/SAC:
IGAS-WP4
www.iagos.orgSOP & QA protocols for O3 and CO
8GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
• Package 1 (O3 and CO), installed on every aircraft : – O3 : classic UV absorption at 254 nm. – CO : improved IR correlation at 4.6 µm, with an optimised IR detector cooled to ‐30°C. O3 and
H2O are filtered to prevent any interference with CO absorption. – Package1 is associated with Pump Box, which contains 2 pressurisation pumps for driving air
from to pitot tube to the atmospheric pressure.
• Instruments are calibrated before and after their flight operation period (6 months to 1 year)– O3 laboratory calibration at CNRS
• By comparison with a reference instrument Thermo Env. Model 49PS, at several levels of O3 to also check the linearity of the instrument within 1% : 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 500 and 800 ppbv.
• This reference instrument is sent twice a year to French Laboratoire National d'Essais (LNE) for comparison with a NIST standard instrument. Pressure sensor on the O3 cells is also controlled via a reference pressure sensor.
– CO laboratory calibration at CNRS• Using NIST referenced CO cylinders (CO in N2, 500 ppbv) and a dilution system. Calibration
is done at several levels of CO to also check the linearity of the instrument within 2‐5% : 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1500 ppbv.
• Dilution system is sent twice a year to French LNE for flow meters controls.
www.iagos.orgSOP & QA protocols for O3 and CO
9GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
•Calibration is also checked during flight– Internal O3 generator is used to check the instrument every 2 hours (0, 100, 1000 ppbv)– Periodic zeroing (10 to 20 minutes) of the CO instrument is made by passing air on Sofnocat
filter.
•No Data acquisition on the airport taxi way – starts during take‐off (ground speed > 50knots) – stops right after landing (ground speed < 50knots).
•Measurements specifications :– O3 : 4 seconds integration time, ± 2 ppbv, ± 2%.– CO : 30 seconds integration time, ± 5 ppbv, ± 5%.
•IAGOS systems are systematically intercompared when aircraft :– ascent/descent from/to the same airport close in time (<2 hours)– fly the same route/same altitude close in time (< 2hours)– Profile comparisons are very frequent (Frankfurt …), about 100‐200 / year– Route comparisons are less frequent, about 20‐50 / year
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1 IAGOS flight and 1 MOZAIC flight over Eastern Europe on September, 27th 2012
O3CO
O3CO
4 profiles over Frankfurt airport (1 IAGOS and 3 MOZAIC) on February, 12th 2012
Check on Internal Consistency
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QA-ProtocolsRegular Calibrations
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Check OnExternalConsistency
Internal Experts
External Experts
EvaluationAndHarmonisation
QA/QCDocuments
As Metadata
AssessmentReportsAs Meta Data
CollectingQA/QC-Protocols
IGAS-WP4:Concept QA/QC Evaluation & Harmonisation
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www.iagos.orgMOZAIC/IAGOS‐ Continuity in Time
IAGOS complements the global observing system by using the existing air transport infrastructure (in addition to ground‐based network, research campaigns, satellites, balloons, ships) IAGOS is currently the only way to provide regular in‐situ :‐ observations in the UTLS over mid‐latitudes at high spatial resolution, since 1994. ‐ profiles of reactive gases, greenhouse gases, and aerosol concentration in the troposphere over continental sites (never or poorly sampled by other programs : Africa, South East Asia, South America, ... )
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MOZAIC IAGOS1994 2002 2005
H2O,O3 H2O,O3CO, NOy
H2O, O3, CO, Cloud Particles, NOx
2011 2012
H2O, O3, CO, Aerosols, Cloud Particles, NOx, CO2, CH4, NOy
2014
Same instruments, regular QA/QC procedures
GAW SAG RG meeting, Daejon, South Korea, 23‐24 October 2014
www.iagos.orgMOZAIC‐IAGOS database users : http://www.iagos.fr
• Scientific community for specific questions :– 20 years of H20 – 20 years of O3– 12 years of CO– 5 years of NOy
• Copernicus Atmospheric Service (IAGOS = in‐situ data at global scale)– Evaluation of forecast runs(Air quality purposes, special events)– Evaluation of Reanalysis (UTLS and trends assessment)– Assimilation of real time data(when available)
What MOZAIC‐IAGOS data are used for (%)
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10
20
14
process studies
Climatologies & trends
Model Validation &AssimilationSatellites Validation
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www.iagos.orgMOZAIC‐IAGOS database users : http://www.iagos.fr
• Example of « Application » : Biomass burning plumes from Siberian
Fires in July 2012observed over Vancouver Airport (China Airlines)
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www.iagos.orgO3 and CO global distributions in the UTLS
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Upper Troposphere 2002-2012
UTLS definition (from Thouret et al., 2006) :Tropopause = 30 hPa thick centered around the PV=2pvu iso-surface UT : 60 hPa thick below the tropopause LS : all data recorded above tropopause + 60 hPa
Clark et al., in prep.
CO O3
www.iagos.org
CO_LSLower Stratosphere : 2002-2012
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CO O3
O3 and CO global distributions in the UTLS
Clark et al., in prep.
www.iagos.org
Effect of emissions controls in Western Hemisphere VSIncrease of industrial emissions in Eastern Hemisphere ?
CO in the UT : East‐West Hemispheric Asymmetry
MumbaiTokyo
Bangkok
BeijingUSA
EU
UT, annual average 40-55°N25-40°N55-70°N
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Clark et al., in prep.
www.iagos.org
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AcknowledgmentsMOZAIC‐IAGOS gratefully acknowledges
financial support during its preparation, implementation and operation phase over more than 20 years from :
• the European Commission in FP4, FP5, FP6 and FP7 programmes,
• national research programmes in Germany (BMBF), France (INSU‐CNRS, MENESR, CNES) and UK (NERC),
• institutional resources in Germany (Helmholtz Association, Max‐Planck‐Society, Leibniz Association), France (Université de Toulouse, Météo‐France) and UK (University of Manchester, University of Cambridge), and
• Aeronautical industries (AIRBUS) and airlines