iaea effort in nd&wm -...

Alena Zavazanova, Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management UnitWaste and Environmental Safety Section (WES),Division of Radiation Transport and Waste Safety (NSRW)Department of Nuclear Safety and SecurityContact: [email protected], Tel. + 43(1)2600-22710, Fax: +43(1) 26007

Efforts of IAEA in ND&WM

9th edition of the International Summer School on Nuclear

Decommissioning and Waste Management,

11-15th September 2017, JRC Ispra, Italy

This lecture provides following overview of the IAEA

approach to education and training in ND & WM :

• Background of general IAEA approach to education and training

• Application of IAEA Safety Standards

• IAEA Strategic Approach to Education and Training in

Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety

• Examples of various ongoing and planned IAEA activities in

Nuclear Decommissioning and Waste Management

Outline of Lecture

2

Background

• Historically, the IAEA has placed education and training high within their objectives.

• The main driving force was the need to distribute as widely as possible in Member States, the knowledge related to the safety of the practices carried out in the area of nuclear, radiation, waste and transport safety.

• Dating back to 1992, General Conference Resolutions requested the Agency to intensify inter-alia postgraduate educational and specialized training courses, in appropriate official languages of the Agency; and to develop, in a systematic manner, syllabuses and training material for specific target groups.

• Since then, several General Conferences re-emphasized the importance of education and training in establishing and maintaining an adequate radiation protection and nuclear safety infrastructure, and noted the actions taken by the Secretariat towards developing strategies for education and training in nuclear, radiation and waste safety.

3

Application of IAEA Safety

Standards

The IAEA is required by its Statute to promote international cooperation.

Its Statute authorizes it to establish or adopt safety standards for the protection

of health and to minimize the danger to life and property.

The Agency develops such standards on the basis of an open and transparent

process for gathering, integrating and sharing the knowledge and experience

gained from the use of technologies and from the application of the Safety

Standards themselves.

The Safety Standards consists of three sets of publications: the Safety

Fundamentals, the Safety Requirements and the Safety Guides. While the

first one of these establishes the fundamental safety objective and principles of

protection and safety, the second set out the requirements that must be met to

ensure the protection of people and the environment, both now and in the

future. The Safety Guides provide recommendations and guidance on how to

comply with the requirements.

The users of safety standards in Member States differ depending on the

category of safety standards. The principal users are the regulatory bodies and

other relevant national authorities. The safety standards are also used by joint

sponsoring organizations, by organizations that design, manufacture and

operate nuclear facilities, as well as by organizations involved in the use of

radiation related technologies.

4

Education and Training

The IAEA offers a wide spectrum of education and training

activities These include face-to-face training courses and workshops, as well as online

learning, fellowship programmes and schools on various nuclear-related topics.

• Nuclear Safety Review 2017 - July 2017:

“Priorities for strengthening general safety areas

17. The Agency will:

- Strengthen the Agency’s safety standards using lessons arising from the

Fukushima Daiichi accident and other relevant sources, and taking into

account the principles of the Vienna Declaration on Nuclear Safety10;

- Strengthen the Agency’s peer review and advisory services;

- Assist Member States in the application of the Agency’s safety standards

through, inter alia, the peer review and advisory services;

- Strengthen the Agency’s activities to promote universal adherence to the

international safety conventions;

- Assist Member States in strengthening regulatory effectiveness;

- Assist Member States in strengthening leadership and management for the

safety of nuclear facilities and activities, and in fostering a strong safety

culture;

- Assist Member States in strengthening their processes for communicating

radiation risks to the public in planned and existing exposure

situations and during an emergency;

- Assist Member States in capacity building programmes, including

education and training in nuclear, radiation, waste and transport safety

as well as EPR; and

- Support research and development for safety and facilitate the exchange of

results.

• https://www.iaea.org/About/Policy/GC/GC61/GC61InfDocuments/English/gc61inf-5_en.pdf

5

Strategic Approach to Education

and Training in Radiation,

Transport and Waste Safety

2011–2020

6

https://www-

ns.iaea.org/downl

oads/rw/training/s

trategic-

approach2011-

2020.pdf

Source:

IAEA adopted Strategic Approach to Education and Training in

Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety 2011–2020

(Continuation of the Strategic Approach 2001–2010)

“HThere is an increased use of, and need for, medical,

industrial and agricultural applications of radioactive sources.

Ensuring the safe manufacture, use, transport, storage and

disposal of radiation sources is highly dependent on Member

States having skilled users, a competent regulatory body, and

radiation protection professionals who have the appropriate

level of education and training to handle these sources.”

IAEA assistance to MS in

developing the key elements of

a national strategy for E & T

7

Types of various IAEA events

contributing to E & T

• Scientific and Technical Events

– Conference

– Technical Meeting

– Training Meetings

– Consultancy Meetings

– Research Coordination Meeting

– Technical Working Group

– Scientific and Topical Networks

8

Examples of conferences

• Agency organized the International Conference on Advancing the Global

Implementation of Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation

Programmes, in Madrid, Spain, in May 2016. The conference provided an

opportunity for sharing and reviewing challenges, achievements and lessons

related to decommissioning and environmental remediation programmes. In

particular, the conference participants discussed the importance of addressing

legacies from past activities, identified current priority needs and provided

recommendations on the strategies and approaches for current priority needs

and provided recommendations on the strategies and approaches for safety.

• Proceedings of the Madrid Conference 2016 have been published on the

Internet in July 2017:

http://www-pub.iaea.org/books/IAEABooks/11155/Advancing-the-Global-

Implementation-of-Decommissioning-and-Environmental-Remediation-

Programmes

9

Examples of conferences –

cont.

10

The IAEA in cooperation with the EC and

OECD/NEA organized the International

Conference on the Safety of Radioactive

Waste Management, in Vienna, Austria, in

November 2016. The conference facilitated

information exchange

on the management of all types of

radioactive waste, as well as on current

and future challenges.

The conference participants highlighted

the need for continued assistance to

Member States in building and

strengthening the capacities of both

regulators and operators.

Examples of conferences –

cont.

11

More than 270 participants from over 60

countries shared their views, knowledge

and experience during the International

Conference on the Safety of Radioactive

Waste Management, held 16 years after

the last comprehensive radioactive waste

conference on the topic in Cordoba,

Spain.

“We have noticed progress in the overall

management of all types of radioactive waste,” said

Gerard Bruno, Head of the Radioactive Waste and

Spent Fuel Management Unit at the IAEA. “While

recognizing that some technical questions still need

to be addressed, one can say that regulatory

authorities and waste management companies have

been able to demonstrate safety through the design,

operation and licensing of facilities.”

Source:

https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/managing-

radioactive-waste-safely-iaea-conference-addresses-

challenges-opportunities-and-solutions

The five-day conference discussed

national policies and strategies

regarding radioactive waste

management; waste processing;

storage; disposal of low, intermediate

and high-level waste, including spent

fuel, disposal of disused radioactive

sources and post-accident waste

management.

Meetings organized in

cooperation with the IAEA

12

Planned activities of RWSFM

Unit for 2017-18

Completed activities:

• First Plenary Technical Meeting of the International Project on Demonstration of the Operational and Long-Term Safety of Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste , 22-26 May 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Japan Fukushima 9th Expert Mission under the Fukushima Comprehensive Project, 3Q2017

Planned activities:

• Technical Meeting on the Safety of Near Surface Disposal, 30 October – 3 November 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Workshop on Responsible and Safe Management of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel, 25-29 September 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Technical Meeting on the Interaction and Roles of Regulators and Operators in the Licensing Process for the Development of Safe Geological Disposal Facilities, 6-11 November 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Workshop on Derivation of Specific Clearance Levels for Materials That Are Suitable for Disposal in Landfills, 27-29 November 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Technical Meeting on the Development of Reference Assessment Tools to Support the Implementation of IAEA Safety Standards for Disposal Facilities, Nuclear Installations and Other Applications, 11-15 December 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

13

Planned activities of RWSFM

Unit for 2017-18

• Technical Meeting to Establish a Working Group on the Use of Monitoring Programmes in the Safe Development of Geological Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste, 18-22 December 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• WG on the consideration of human intrusion for disposal of radioactive waste, 3Q2018

• International Project on the demonstration of safety of near surface disposal of RW, 3Q2018

• International project on the demonstration of safety of geological disposal of RW, 3Q2018

• Agency Mission on ARTEMIS Preparatory Mission in 2018, 2Q2017

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Planned activities of

Decommissioning

Remediation Unit for 2017-18• Consultancy Meeting on reviewing a draft TECDOC on graded approach for NORM

residues management, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria, 20-24 November 2017

• Consultancy Meeting on the review of the Training Course Material on Safe

Decommissioning and to discuss draft Lecture Plans for Specialized, 18-22 December

2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• Technical Meeting on the Establishment of a Regulatory Forum for Safety of Uranium

Production and Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material Residues,

planned for 4Q2018

• Technical Meeting on Safety Assessment for Long Term Management of Radioactive

Residues from Uranium Production, planned for 2Q2018

• Workshop to Pilot Test Standardized Training Material for Decommissioning Planning,

planned for 2Q2018

• 2nd International Workshop on Nuclear Decommissioning for Aging Nuclear Power Plants

(organized in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency), Republic of Korea,

11-13 Sept. 2017

• Consultancy Meeting on the review of the Training Course Material on Safe

Decommissioning and to discuss draft Lecture Plans for Specialized Modules – done,

March 2017

15


Decommissioning

Remediation Unit for 2017-18• Technical Meeting on Application of the Graded Approach to Safety for Management of

Naturally Occuring Radioactive Material Residues – completed, March 2017.

• Technical Meeting on the Planning and Implementation of Long Term Institutional Controls

and on the Release of Sites from Regulatory Control, planned for 21 Nov – 1 Dec 2012,

IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

• International Workshop on Managing the Decommissioning and Remediation of Damaged

and Legacy Nuclear Facilities, planned to held in UK, 26-20 Oct 2017

• 10th International Symposium on Release of Radioactive Material from Regulatory Control

Provisions for Clearance and Exemption (organized in cooperation with the International

Atomic Energy Agency), planned to be held in Germany, Berlin, 6-9 Nov 2017

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Decommissioning Remediation

Unit for 2017-18 – cont.

• Project to develop training materials on decommissioning

safety:

- Revise the existing basic module (one week course

from 2008)

- Develop advanced modules on characterization,

decommissioning planning, safety assessment,

management of decommissioning waste, completion of

decommissioning and release of sites, regulatory review

and inspections during decommissioning.

Ongoing, initiated in 2015

EB funding from Japan17

Examples of Research

Coordinating Meeting

The IAEA supports research under its programmes, sub-programmes and projects that are

listed in its approved Programme and Budget. These Coordinated Research Activities are

normally implemented through Coordinated Research Projects, which bring together research

institutes in both developing and developed Member States to collaborate on research topics

of common interest. Research, technical and doctoral contracts and research agreements are

awarded to institutes in Member States for their completion of research work under these

CRPs.

Each established CRP consists of a network of 10 to 15 research institutions that work in

coordination for between three to five years to acquire and disseminate new knowledge.

Research takes place at those participating institutions that have been identified in the CRP’s

research, technical and doctoral contracts and cost-free research agreements. For each

contract or agreement, one institute staff member is designated as the chief scientific

investigator responsible for the progress of the research work. The IAEA acts as the

sponsoring and coordinating body, with an IAEA staff member, the project officer, assigned to

lead each CRP.

The IAEA may also respond to proposals from institutes for participation in the research

activities under individual research contracts not related to a CRP. A small portion of available

funds is used to finance individual projects, which deal with topics covered by the IAEA’s

scientific programme.

18

Coordinating Research

Activities

The IAEA supports research under its programmes, sub-programmes and projects that are

listed in its approved Programme and Budget. These Coordinated Research Activities are

normally implemented through Coordinated Research Projects, which bring together research

institutes in both developing and developed Member States to collaborate on research topics

of common interest. Research, technical and doctoral contracts and research agreements are

awarded to institutes in Member States for their completion of research work under these

CRPs.

Each established CRP consists of a network of 10 to 15 research institutions that work in

coordination for between three to five years to acquire and disseminate new knowledge.

Research takes place at those participating institutions that have been identified in the CRP’s

research, technical and doctoral contracts and cost-free research agreements. For each

contract or agreement, one institute staff member is designated as the chief scientific

investigator responsible for the progress of the research work. The IAEA acts as the

sponsoring and coordinating body, with an IAEA staff member, the project officer, assigned to

lead each CRP.

The IAEA may also respond to proposals from institutes for participation in the research

activities under individual research contracts not related to a CRP. A small portion of available

funds is used to finance individual projects, which deal with topics covered by the IAEA’s

scientific programme.

19

IAEA Coordinated Research Projects for

Which Research May Be Supported in 2017

Most of the research supported by the IAEA is related to its CRPs developed in line with overall IAEA

goals. Only in exceptional cases will research contract funds be used to finance individual contract

proposals that, while not forming part of a CRP, deal with topics in the IAEA’s programme.

The following list includes CRPs under which the IAEA may consider support of research in 2017.

Additionally, the Coordinated Research Activities website: https://www.iaea.org/services/coordinatedresearch-activities

will list all CRPs open for proposals.

All proposals will be carefully considered. Enquiries concerning specific CRPs should be addressed to

the IAEA’s Research Contracts Administration Section, Email: [email protected].

List of IAEA Coordinated Research Activities That Are Open for Submission of Proposals in 2017 (by Major Programme, Programme and Project) https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/cra2017-nv.pdf

20


contributing to E & T – cont.

• Recurring Meetings:

– Standing Advisory Group

– Safety Standards and Security Guidance Committee

• Other:

– Meeting organised in Cooperation with the IAEA

– Conventions, Codes

21

Other:

Meeting organised in

Cooperation with the IAEA

22

Safety and Security

Conventions and Codes• The global safety regime promoted by the IAEA relies in part on various inter-governmental legal instruments.

These legal instruments, designed to promote high level safety and security worldwide, are different in nature. They include Conventions - which are legally-binding, to Codes of Conduct, which are non-legally binding, as well as Treaties and Agreements.

ConventionsSince 1986 five conventions were ratified in the areas of Nuclear, Radiation, Transport and Waste Safety:

• Convention on Assistance in the Case of a Nuclear Accident or Radiological Emergency - sets out an international framework for co-operation among Parties and with the IAEA to facilitate prompt assistance and support in the event of nuclear accidents or radiological emergencies

• Convention on Nuclear Safety to legally commit participating States operating land-based nuclear power plants to maintain a high level of safety by setting international benchmarks to which States would subscribe

• Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material obliges Contracting States to ensure during international nuclear transport the protection of nuclear material within their territory or on board their ships or aircraft

• Convention on Early Notification of a Nuclear Accident or Radiolocial Emergency - establishes a notification system for nuclear accidents that have the potential for international transboundary release that could be of radiological safety significance for another State

• Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management - is the first legally binding international treaty on safety in these areas. It represents a commitment by participating States to achieve and maintain a consistently high level of safety in the management of spent fuel and of radioactive waste as part of the global safety regime for ensuring the proper protection of people and the environment

23

Joint Convention on the Safety of

Spent Fuel Management and on

the Safety of Radioactive Waste

Management• This Convention was adopted in Vienna on 5 September 1997. It is the first legal

instrument to address the issue of spent fuel and radioactive waste management safety on a global scale. It does so by setting international benchmarks and creating a similar “peer review” process to the Convention on Nuclear Safety.

• The Convention applies to spent fuel resulting from the operation of civilian nuclear reactors and to radioactive waste resulting from civilian applications. It also applies to spent fuel and radioactive waste from military or defense programmes if such materials are transferred permanently to and managed within exclusively civilian programmes, or when declared as spent fuel or radioactive waste for the purpose of the Convention by the Contracting Party concerned. In addition, it covers planned and controlled releases into the environment of liquid or gaseous radioactive materials from regulated nuclear facilities.

• The Joint Convention entered into force on 18 June 2001.

24

Code of Conduct and Import /

Export Guidance

• Set of Principles, Objectives and

Guidance to ensure Safety and

Security of sources

• Focuses on high activity sources

(categorization safety guide RS-G 1.9)

• Approved by the Board and the

General Conference in 2003 & 2011

25

Code Objectives

1. to achieve and maintain a high level of safety and security

26

2. to prevent loss of control & malicious use

3. to mitigate or minimize the radiological

consequences of any accident or

malicious act

Achieved through a system of regulatory control of radioactive

sources, from the stage of initial production to their final disposal



Policy Making Organ Events:

The objectives of the Secretariat of the Policy-Making Organs is to enable the Policy-

Making Organs - the General Conference and the Board of Governors - to effectively

perform their statutory responsibilities and their other functions and to ensure that all

meetings of the Policy-Making Organs are conducted efficiently.

General Conference - the 61st GC will open on 18 Sept 2017, IAEA HQ, Vienna, Austria

Board of Governors - the Board generally meets five times per year: in March and June,

twice in September (before and after the General Conference) and in November.

Committees (Statutory Meetings)

27


contributing to E & T for ND &

WM – cont.

There will be following Side Events to the 61st GC related to the waste

management and decommissioning:

� O.2. 20th Anniversary of the Adoption of the Joint Convention on the Safety

of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste

Management

This event will celebrate the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the Joint

Convention, which took place on 5 September 1997.

28


contributing to E & T for ND &

WM – cont.� O.13 Decommissioning: Education and Training (Tuesday, 19 September

2017)

“HThere is likely to be a significant increase in the number of nuclear power plants

and other nuclear facilities will be shut down during the coming 1-2 decades, reflecting

changing costs of different energy sources, the age profile of the current fleet of reactors

and the cost of extending reactor lifetimes. Discussions at the 2016 Madrid Conference on

Decommissioning and Environmental Remediation suggest that ensuring the availability of

sufficient numbers of suitably trained and qualified personnel to implement the

decommissioning of these facilities is a significant challenge in essentially all countries

where such facilities are located.

The event will consider options for enhancing education, training and knowledge

management for decommissioning in IAEA Member States. Potential synergies exist

between these three elements; this event will include discussion of possibilities to take

advantage of these synergies. The outcomes will assist the orientation of future IAEA work

relating to this topic.

29



� P.2. Nuclear Waste Management – Pioneering Solutions from Finland

79. This event will present the approach Finland has taken in planning and

implementing nuclear waste management. This event is organized by Finland. The

event will be held on Monday,18 September 2017

30

On-line learning

Source:

http://elearning.iaea.org/m2/course/index.ph

p?categoryid=60

Source:

http://elearning.iaea.org/m2/course/index.php?cate

goryid=60

IAEA Networks - GNSSN Platform

“Countries Hmust be able to

transfer education and training

capacity together with the

technology they provide.”

As a worldwide gateway, GNSSN

assists countries in building capacity

in safety and security way via

international, regional and national

networks and portals.

IAEA Director General Yukiya

Amano

Global Networks

• Global networks or fora focus on specific aspects of nuclear safety and security, such as safety regulatory infrastructure (RegNet), technical support organizations (TSO Forum), safety assessment (GSAN), etc.

• They provide focused collaboration on a particular field of expertise, in support of global nuclear safety harmonization. Global networks support national and international actors in sharing of regulatory knowledge, practices and information and in fostering collaboration on nuclear safety and security matters.

Regional Networkks

• Regional networks/organizations

provide membership to regions around

the globe.

• They constitute a forum for the

exchange of regulatory experiences and

practices among the radiation and

nuclear regulatory bodies of a specific

region and help strengthen and

harmonize radiation protection and the

nuclear safety and security regulatory

infrastructure of their members.

� Arab Network of Nuclear Regulators

� Asian Nuclear Safety Network

� European Nuclear Safety Network

� Forum of Nuclear Regulatory Bodies in Africa

� European Technical Safety Organization Group

� Ibero-American Forum of Radiological and Nuclear Regulatory Agencies

� Ibero-American Platform for Operators in the Area of Nuclear Safety

� European and Central Asian Safety Network

National PlatformNational Nuclear Safety Knowledge Platforms

(National Platforms) are established under the Global

Nuclear Safety and Security Network (GNSSN) and

serve two purposes:

1. Information Area:

First, for sharing reference information about the

respective national nuclear safety infrastructure with

a wider global audience. This part of the National

Platforms has an agreed structure and content. It

should be made publicly available were possible.

The National Platforms can serve national, regional,

and global stakeholders as an authoritative source of

information, maintained directly by the respective

Member State. This Information Area contains

information on radiation and nuclear facilities and

activities, a Country Nuclear Regulatory Profile

(CNRP), general country and nuclear safety

infrastructure information, access to country related

national and international reports, projects,

databases, and legal references, etc.. The entire

content is provided on a voluntary basis by Member

States.

2. Collaboration Area:

Second, as platform for a wide range of national

collaboration and knowledge management

activities with respect to safety of facilities and

activities that give rise to radiation risks. This

part of the National Platforms has a flexible

architecture and contains knowledge built on by

communities of practice, coordinating or working

groups as well as training or e-learning groups.

The platform has shared workspaces for

projects, meetings or teams, document

management areas with controlled access rights

for topical communities and many more. The

detailed arrangements are made by the

respective Member State to best meet national

needs and priorities.

Thematic Networks

Most of the GNSSN member countries are facing several challenges related to health care; agricultural production, food security; the management of natural resources, and sustainable energy.

These challenges are often multidimensional originated by a very complex and divers nuclear safety and security infrastructure.

An effective global collaboration framework with the sufficient human resources and the IT technology will be a practical solution to tackle these challenges.

With this context, thematic networks contribution is

i) to foster the convergence of technical nuclear safety practices,

ii) to collaborate internationally with other regional or thematic networks;

and iii) to provide for an efficient forum for voluntary exchange of experiences and technical and scientific expertise.

Thank you!

half-life

Activity

content

VSLW

very short lived

waste

(decay storage)

HLW

high level waste

(deep geologic disposal)

ILW

intermediate level waste

(intermediate depth disposal)

LLW

low level waste

(near surface disposal)

VLLW

very low level waste

(landfill disposal)

EW

exempt waste

(exemption / clearance)

Current IAEA projects vs. Classification of

Radioactive Waste

38classification of radioactive waste

PRISMA

GEOSAF-III

HIDRACRAFT

WM

DISPOSALPREDISPOSAL

DPC WG

SFM

39

International and Harmonization

Activities – SF&RWM• NSARS / ISAM / ASAM / PRISM / PRISMA

– Safety assessment and safety case development

– Use of the safety case in the decision making process during the lifetime of

a near surface disposal facility.

• SADRWMS / CRAFT

– Development and application of SADRWMS methodology (GSG-3 ) &

SAFRAN Tool

– Illustrative examples to complement GSG-3

• HIDRA I / II

– Human intrusion for both near-surface & geological disposal facilities

– Relationship with siting/ designing/ waste acceptance criteria

• ILW

– Technical document on disposal of ILW

• GEOSAF I / II / III

– Safety of geological disposal

– Regulatory expectations throughout development and operation

– Integrated assessment of operational and post-closure periods

• Joint Working Group for the Dual Purpose Cask for Spent Nuclear Fuel

– Safety case covering both transportation & storage

– Extended periods of storage and meeting transport requirements 39