11/11/2015

1

Dutch management of radioactive waste

Jeroen Welbergen

ISPRA Summerschool

2015

2

11/11/2015

2

3

Waste (LILW) classification

• LILW: - nuclear research- nuclear industry- nuclear medicine- power plants

- industry

• Cat A - alpha bearing waste

• Cat B - NPP waste

• Cat C - t½ > 15 yrs

• Cat D - t½ < 15 yrs

Transport distances

4

11/11/2015

3

5

Packages

• Types– Industrial– Type A– Type B

• Radiation levels – Surface package 2 mSv/h– 1 m distance 0,1 mSv/h

6

11/11/2015

4

Waste treatment building (AVG)

8

LLW treatment

8

Solid waste

Counting vials

Carcasses

Liquid waste

11/11/2015

5

9

Treatment of solid waste

• Reduction of waste volume by super compaction

• Smart stacking of pucks in 200 l drum

• Conditioning by cementation.

10

Incinerator for organic liquid

• Max 60 l per hour

• Input from a 600 l mobile tank

• Operation by caloric value of liquid (adjustment by natural gas)

11/11/2015

6

11

Inorganic water treatment

• Adding chemicals (FeCl3 and NaOH) to produce particles

• Use a decanter and microfiltration unit to clean wastewater.

• wastewater is discharge to the river Westerscheldt

12

200 litre drum (overpack) for conditioning

• 200 l drum

• Spacers at 5 cm of wall

• Hooks to prevent floating of pucks

• Galvanised

• Prefabricated with a concrete layer at bottom

• Type A

11/11/2015

7

13

Immobilisation of waste

• Concrete

– Isolation and shielding of solid radwaste

• Grout

– Fixating of spent sources and non compressible waste

• Cementation

– Immobilisation of high radioactive liquids (resins)

14

Grout and concrete transport

Grout transport

Concrete transport

11/11/2015

8

15

Conditioning with concrete

16

Buffering conditioned waste

Interim storage in treatment building

11/11/2015

9

17

Disused spent sources

18

sludges

• Induction heating to reduce volume.

• Slow process,

• 3 installations

11/11/2015

10

19

Liquid emptying installation

• Waste water from 99Mo production facility

– High pH (14)

– Intermediate level waste (0,5 Sv)

– Not to mix with other waste water streams

20

MOSS

• Mobile cementation unit

• In drum mixing installation for ILW liquid (lost rudder).

11/11/2015

11

21

Storage containers LLW

1. Supercompacted puck

2. Concrete

3. Galvanised drum

4. Concrete overpack

2222

LOG (storage building LILW)

11/11/2015

12

LOG

2424

Storage building

One module can store

10 – 15 yr radwaste.

Low- & intermediate level

radioactive waste Storage

11/11/2015

13

25

LLW

• Low level waste

(200 l )

• Low level waste

( 1000 l)

26

ILW

• Spent resins from NPP

(220 l)

• Racks from reactor

( Mosaïk)

11/11/2015

14

272727

LONG-TERM STORAGE: LILW

design criteria:

• simple concrete building

• modular

• inspection possibilities

• retrievable

• cemented waste forms

• no fixed equipment

• no forced ventilation

• mobile system for humidity

control

28

Stacking LILW containers

11/11/2015

15

29

Long-term storage of LILW

control of humidity:

• mobile system for air humidity control

• corrosion prevention (Ageing management)

30

Long-term storage of LLW

outer drum 200 litre

• galvanised steel

reason: long term storage goal since 1982

• no lid

reason: ‘inspection’ possibility

11/11/2015

16

Interim Storage facility ISPRA

31

32

Source High Level radioactive Waste (HLW)

• NPPs

• Research reactors

Radioactive High Level Waste

11/11/2015

17

33

Processing HLW

• France

• GB

Radioactive HLW

34

11/11/2015

18

35

HABOG

36

Design criteria

All events ≤ 10-6 covered

• earthquakes VI½ Mercali*

• plane crash(F16-A Falcon fighter)

• flooding +10 m NAP

• lpg gas cloud explosion

• severe winds 125 m/s

* 5-6 Richter

11/11/2015

19

37

HLW

Recycling

Uranium,

Plutonium

waste

Vitrified waste in CSDV containers

38

11/11/2015

20

39

HABOG cross-section

Heat producing waste Non-heat producing waste

Ventilation shaft

4040

Heat producing HLW

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

1 10 100 1000 10000

Time (yrs)

Wa

tt

11/11/2015

21

41

HABOG passive cooling systeem

Air in

Air out

4242

2003

11/11/2015

22

4343

2023

4444

2043

11/11/2015

23

4545

2063

4646

2083

11/11/2015

24

4747

2103

PIMBY award 2010 in Italy

48