I. Properties of Matter

1. Matter is defined as anything that has mass and takes up space. The mass of an object is the amount of matter that the object contains.

2. A substance is matter that has a uniform and definite composition.*contains only one kind of matterex. Water, oxygen. Sucrose

3. All samples of substances have the same physical properties.*a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s compositionex. Color, solubility, odor, density, mp

II. States of Matter

1. Solid – definite shape and definite volume

2. Liquid – definite volume, no definite shape, “flows”

3. Gas – no definite shape or volume

*vapor – a gas that is generally a solid or liquid at room temperature

III. Physical and Chemical Changes

1. Physical Change a. Alters the material without changing the compositionb. Cutting, grindingc. Changes in state d. Often reversible

2. Chemical Changea. New compounds are made with different propertiesb. Not reversiblec. Burning, rusting

IV. Matter

V. Chemical Rxns

1. Reactants and Productsa. One or more substances change into new substancesb. Reactants are the starting materialsc. Products are the ending materials

2. Physical and Chemical Propertiesa. A physical property can be observed* Extensive properties depend on the amount of a substance (mass, volume)* Intensive properties do not depend on the amount of the substance (color, odor, density)

V. Chemical Rxns

b. A chemical property is the ability of a substance to undergo a chemical reaction

* flammability, combustibility

* Signs of a chemical reaction are gas produced, color change, precipitate formed, or odor.

3. Law of Conservation of Mass