hypox kickoff meeting bremen introduction to the hyper...
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to the HYPER projectJacob Carstensen (Aarhus University)
....HYPOX kickoff meeting Bremen
HYPER: HYPoxia mitigation for Baltic Sea Ecosystem Restoration
Jacob Carstensen National Environmental Research Institute
Aarhus University
BONUS+ project
Partners in HYPER
• Aarhus University• Lund University• Stockholm University• Åbo Akademic Univ.• Univ. of Helsinki• Finnish Env. Inst.• Zoological Inst.• University of Gdansk• I O Warnemünde• Utrecht University
0 100 20050 Km
±
Outline of HYPER presentation
• Hypoxia – a growing problem– focus on the Baltic Sea
• Research questions addressed• HYPER work plan
– monitoring cruises
Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)
Hypoxia is a growing global problem
Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)
Hypoxia is a growing global problem
Source: Diáz & Rosenberg (2008)
Hypoxia is a growing global problem
Below the surface – it’s a different world
Photo: Nanna Rask
Below the surface – it’s a different world
Photo: Nanna Rask
Below the surface – it’s a different world
Photo: Nanna Rask
Below the surface – it’s a different world
Photo: Nanna Rask
Hypoxia in the long-term perspective
Source: Zillén et al. (2008)
Hypoxia in the long-term perspective
Holocene Thermal Maximum
Holocene Thermal Maximum
Source: Zillén et al. (2008)
Hypoxia in the long-term perspective
Medieval Warm Period
Medieval Warm Period
Holocene Thermal Maximum
Holocene Thermal Maximum
Source: Zillén et al. (2008)
Laminated sediments within the last 100 years
Source: Hille et al. (2006)
The anthropogenic lamination
Source: Jonsson et al. (1990)
Trends of the anthropocene
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Oxy
gen
conc
. (m
g l-1
)
Gotland Deep (>100 m)
Source: ICES data
Trends of the anthropocene
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Oxy
gen
conc
. (m
g l-1
)
Gotland Deep (>100 m)
Source: ICES data
Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)
Trends of the anthropocene
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000
Oxy
gen
conc
. (m
g l-1
)
Gotland Deep (>100 m)
Source: ICES data
Source: Jørgensen & Richardson (1996)
Major inflows
The physical forcing behind hypoxia
Source: www.smhi.se, after Mattäus & Franck (1992)
Inflows improve oxygen conditions in the deep holes
Inflow 1993
Source: B. Gustafsson
…. but overall hypoxia is worsened
Stagnation period
Source: Conley et al. (2002)
Inflow 1993
The situation in 2008
Source: www.smhi.se
Why bother about hypoxia?
Photo: Nanna Rask
Why bother about hypoxia?
Photo: Nanna Rask
Why bother about hypoxia?
Photo: Nanna Rask
Why bother about hypoxia?
Photo: Nanna Rask
Why bother about hypoxia?
Photo: Nanna Rask
Source: Vahtera et al. (2007)
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?
• Can we manage and mitigate hypoxia?
HYPER research questions
• Can we separate anthropogenic from climate forcing?
• Are there regime shifts and thresholds with hypoxia?
• What are the spatial differences of ”hypoxia processes”?
• Can we manage and mitigate hypoxia?
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
HYPER work plan
Field sampling activities• Spatial monitoring cruise
– r/v Aranda 25 May- 17 June 2009
• Temporal monitoring cruises– r/v Gunnar Thorson
• Ships-of-opportunity
The spatial monitoring cruise
• 25 May – 17 June• Leg 1: Helsinki –
Rønne (11 scientists)• Leg 2: Rønne –
Rauma (10 scientists)• Leg 3: Rauma –
Helsinki (9 scientists)• Coordinated with
BalticGas (Leg 2 & 3)
The spatial monitoring cruise
• 25 May – 17 June• Leg 1: Helsinki –
Rønne (11 scientists)• Leg 2: Rønne –
Rauma (10 scientists)• Leg 3: Rauma –
Helsinki (9 scientists)• Coordinated with
BalticGas (Leg 2 & 3)