hypersonic vehicles
TRANSCRIPT
TERM PAPER PRESENTATION
HYPERSONIC VEHICLES
BY : KHUSHIN LAKSHKAR
WHAT ARE HYPERSONIC VEHICLES?
Regime Mac mph Km/h m/s General plane characteristics
Subsonic <0.8 <610 <980 <270 Most often propeller-driven and commercial turbofan aircraft with high aspect-ratio (slender) wings, and rounded features like the nose and leading edges
Transsonic 0.8-1.2
610-915 980-1470
270-670
Transonic aircraft nearly always have swept wings that delay drag-divergence, and often feature designs adhering to the principles of the Whitcomb Area rule
Supersonic 1.2-5.0
large differences in their aerodynamic design because of the radical differences in the behaviour of flows above Mach 1. Sharp edges, thin aerofoil-sections, and all-moving tailplane/canards are common. Modern combat aircraft must compromise in order to maintain low-speed handling; "true" supersonic designs include the F-104 Starfighter and BAC/Aérospatiale Concorde
Regime Mac mph Km/h m/sec General plane characteristics
Hypersonic vehicles
5.0-10.0
7680 12300 7410 Cooled nickel-titanium skin; highly integrated (due to domination of interference effects: non-linear behaviour means that superposition of results for separate components is invalid), small wings, see X-51A Waverider and HyperSoar
Highhypersonicvehicles
10.0-25.0
7680-625012
1230
0-
3074
0
Thermal control becomes a dominant design consideration. Chemically reacting flow can also cause corrosion of the vehicle's skin, with free-atomic oxygenfeaturing in very high-speed flows. Hypersonic designs are often forced into blunt configurations because of the aerodynamic heating rising with a reduced radius of curvature.
Re-entry >25.0 Ablative heat shield; small or no wings; blunt shape
HISTORY OF HYPERSONICVEHICLES
• First Hypersonic vehicle : V2 Rocket, 8228kmh• X-15, 1959, 7424kmh, Mac 5to Mac 6-7• First human travel at Hypersonic speed : Yuri Gagrein,
1961, Vostok• 14X• Aurora (aircraft) Avatar (spacecraft), Ayaks• Bristol Spaceplanes• DARPA Falcon Project• Fictional military aircraft• GLL-8 (Gll-VK) Igla• NASA X-43
LATEST HYPESONIC VEHICLES
Boeing X-51
• Engine : SJY-61 Scramjet
• Maximum speed: >3,900 mph (>6,200 km/h)
• Maximum speed: Mach >5.1
• Range: 460 miles (740 km)
• Service ceiling: 70,000 ft (21,300 m)
INDIAN MISSILES
BRAHMOS - II• Engine Scramjet
range
• 300 km (186.4 mi)SpeedMach 7Launchplatform
• Ship, submarine, aircraft and land-based mobile launchers
• fastest cruise missile in the world
Shaurya• EngineTwo stage, solid-fueled
rocket motorsOperationalrange
• 700 km@ 1000 kg and 1900 km @ 180 kg Flight altitude40 Km SpeedMach 7.5 [2Guidancesystem
• Ring laser gyroscopeLaunchplatform
• Canisterized launch from TELor underground silo[2]
SCRAMJET - ENGINE
SCRAMJET ENGINE
SPECIALCOMPOSITE MATERIALS
•Why we need special material?
• Reinforced carbon–carbon (RCC), in the nose capg gear doors, the arrowhead aft of the nose landing gear door, and the wing leading edges. Used where re-entry temperature exceeded 1,260 °C (2,300 °F).
• High-temperature reusable surface insulation (HRSI) tiles, used on the orbiter underside. Made of coated LI-900 Silica ceramics. Uses where reentry temperature was below 1260 °C.
• Fibrous refractory composite insulation (FRCI) tiles, used to provide improved strength, durability, resistance to coating cracking and weight reduction. Some HRSI tiles were replaced by this type.
• Flexible Insulation Blankets (FIB), a quilted, flexible blanket-like surface insulation. Used where reentry temperature was below 649 °C (1,200 °F).
• Low-temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (LRSI) tiles, formerly used on the upper fuselage, but were mostly replaced by FIB. Used in temperature ranges roughly similar to FIB.
• Toughened unipiece fibrous insulation (TUFI) tiles, a stronger, tougher tile which came into use in 1996. Used in high and low temperature areas.
• Felt reusable surface insulation (FRSI). White Nomex felt blankets on the upper payload bay doors, portions of the midfuselage and aft fuselage sides, portions of the upper wing surface and a portion of theOMS/RCSpods. Used where temperatures stayed below 371 °C (700 °F).
• Thin shock layer
•Entropy layer
•Viscous Intereraction
•High Tempreture Effects
•Low densityFlow
Some physical aspects of Hypersonic flow
THANK YOU