hyper large scale pv/cpv power generation …...3 1. introduction 2. hyper large scale pv/cpv power...

1

Hyper Large Scale PV/CPV Power Generation Systems in Desert Area

Dr. Hiroshi MORIMOTO

Solar Systems Group

Sharp Corporation

The UT-KFUPM Workshop on Large Scale Solar Power Generation 2012

at ENEOS Hall, Komaba, UT, September 28th, 2012

UT-KFUPM Workshop, 2012

2

1. Introduction

2. Hyper Large Scale PV/CPV Power Generation

and its technology

a. PV/CPV modules

b. Solar systems

3. Future in the Solar Energy Utilized Society


Contents

3

1. Introduction


and its technology

a. PV/CPV modules

b. Solar systems



Contents

4

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

1965 1975 1985 1995 2005

[ｋｂｂｌ］

Oil Production and Consumption in Saudi Arabia

Oil Production

Oil Consumption

Source: BP 〔Statistical Review of World Energy 2011, Historical data〕

10,000kbbl

2,800kbbl


Energy demand or especially electricity demand has increased by 6% every year since 2005.

A lot of crude oil is consumed domestically under heavy subsidies.

Figure 1 : Daily oil production and consumption in Saudi Arabia

Electricity Demand Trends in KSA

5 UT-KFUPM Workshop, 2012

At the 4th SSEF, KACARE announced that they will construct solar power generation plants with a total generation capacity of16 GW by 2032 and introduce Feed-in-Tariffs to achieve this target amount.

First of all, KACARE is going to conduct 2 procurement rounds in order to collect information to fix the conditions of Feed-in-Tariffs.

Note: 1) RFP - Request for Proposal, 2) COD - Commercial Operation Date

Table 1 : Procurement Round by KACARE

Renewable Energy Utilization in KSA - Solar Power Generation -

Target Amount Schedule

1st Round

1,100MW （11～55 Projects）

◇ Developer Registry : 2012 Q2 ◇ Draft RFP 1) : 2013 Q1 ◇ Final RFP : 2013 Q2 ◇ COD 2) : 2014 or 2015

2nd Round

1,300MW （15～65 Projects）

◇ Draft RFP : 2013 Q3 ◇ Final RFP : 2013 Q4

◇ COD : 2015 or 2016

6

0

50

100

150

200

250

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Glo

bal

so

lar

rad

iati

on

[kW

h/m

2/m

on

th]

Comparison of Global solar radiation

Dhahran, Saudi Arabia Nara, Japan

Dhahran


Abundant Solar Radiation in KSA

7

Cleaning

Test site In Rumah, Al-Riyad

Comparison of output

Non-Cleaning

and other 4 companies

Ministry of Water & Electricity

KA CARE

Sharing the test data

PV panel supply

Commission

PV installation

Research Scheme

Sharp’s PV were utilized in “The industrial collaboration and support project for oil country in 2011” conducted by METI. JGC undertook this project and is evaluating how much power loss occurs due to sand cover.

Actual solar research in KSA


8

Export

PV System (Power supply)

Local generation and Local consumption

Export

Aiming towards an Energy-Producing Country


Oil field Thermal power plant

Power supply

CO2

Oil Counties Consuming Regions

9

1915

1963 1967

source：JAXA

2011 2012 1959 1981

1973

Crystalline Silicon Technology: 53 years of experience

1970

Source: JAPAN COAST GUARD

First mass production

Development of Space-use

SKatsuragi Plant Operation

Production of Space-use

2005 Mass production of tandem type

1998 Mass production

2008 Mass production of large size tandem type

For higher efficiency

For more cost effectiveness

Thin-Film Silicon Technology: 32 years of experience

R&D Start ed 1980 1998 2005 ～2012

Start Sakai factory operation

2008

Super see-through thin-film solar module (Japan)

Industrial roof-top installation (Germany)

1963

More than 2,600 installations in Japan* Equipped with more than 160 satellites* * As of April 2010

IEEE milestone recognition

2009

1912

First Development

Our Long History as a Leader in technology


IBC mass production

10

5.5GW （～2011）

1963, Mass production of solar cells

Lighthouse in Japan （More than 2,600）

Satellites （Equipped with more than 160）

Source：JAXA Source : JAPAN COAST GUARD

Solar Cells and Modules Shipped by SHARP

SHARP’s Global Achievement : Global annual shipment volume No.1 share has been hold in the market for continuous 7 years of 2000 – 2006.



Fraunhofer, one of the largest institutes in Europe, reported that our modules are free from potential induced degradation*.

* PID or Potential Induced Degradation : Output reduction of the modules caused by degradation of the photovoltaic effect induced by the potential voltage applied on the module frame.

SHARP is one of only 4 manufacturers to pass PID test with 100% relative output. This means our modules are free from PID.

Quoted from Fraunhofer test report

Relative power output after

the PID test by Fraunhofer R

elat

ive

po

wer

ou

tpu

t to

th

e in

itia

l

Highly Reliable Modules – PID* Free

12

1. Introduction


and its technology

a. PV/CPV modules

b. Solar systems



Contents

13

Silicon

Compound

Crystalline

Mono

Poly Conventional（14%）

Dye Sensitized

GaAs Triple junction

Thin-film CIS, CIGS, CdTe（12%）

Organic

Quantum Dot

Conventional

High Efficiency Back Contact, HIT

• Commercialized

• Under development

• Module conversion efficiency in parentheses

（14%）

（17% -20%）

（35%）

（9%）

（4%）

Thin film Tandem

Triple

（9% -）

（10%）

Single （～6%）

Various PV Modules and their Conversion Efficiency


14

Cell Module

High Efficiency Mono-Crystalline

Module

Cell Structure

Cell

Conventional Poly-Crystalline

pn接合

Front Electrode

Rear Electrode

p+ Diffusion Layer

n+ Diffusion Layer

ARC & Texture

Si Substrate

Electrode

Mon-Si Substrate

p+ Diffusion Layer n+ Diffusion Layer

ARC & Texture

Module Structure

Si Thin Film

Incident Light Glass TCO Glass Solar Cell Transparent Resin Glass

Transmitted Light

See-through Si Thin Film

Module Module

Line-up of PV Cells and Modules


15

Multi-Layered Compound GaAs Cell

Frenel Lens

セル変換効率

[%

]

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

1 10 100 1000 10000

集光倍率

セル変換効率

[%

]

Concentration Ratio

Co

nve

rsio

n E

ffic

ien

cy [

%]

42

40

38

36

34

32

30

28 1 10 100 1000 10000

CPV Unit Assembly

CPV array sits on the tracking system and tracks the sun.

Concentrated PV Systems


CPV Array

16 Source: Sharp Corp. based on RTS, NREL, GTM Research

Module Conversion Efficiency & Watt Cost in KSA

5 10 15 20 25

Module Conversion Efficiency η [%]

EPC Cost /W

High efficiency mono-Si

Conventional poly-Si

Thin Film

BOS Cost /W

Module Cost /W

Wat

t C

ost

( A

rbit

rary

un

it )

Output/Unit area Large Small


Case 1.

The limited area and high land-rent cost : Rooftop, vicinity of metropolitan area

High and medium conversion efficiency modules with crystalline silicon solar cells

Case 2.

The unlimited area and low land-rent cost : Rural area

Low and medium conversion efficiency and low Watt cost modules with conventional poly-Si or thin films

Case 3.

High annual direct irradiation aria

Concentrated PV Systems (CPV)

What Kind of Module Should Be Utilized in KSA


Contents

1. Introduction


and its technology

a. PV/CPV modules

b. Solar systems



Customer : Natural Energy Development Co., Ltd.

Area : 190ha(1.9km2)

Capacity : DC 73MW／AC 55MW）

PV panel : Thin film (56million pcs)

Inverter : 50kW x 220pcs

Construction : June 2010~March 2012 ( Completed )

Location : Lopburi, Thailand

Large Solar System installed by SHARP

20

In a desert area, there is almost no constraint for land acquisition, so hyper large scale PV/CPV can be built.

In KSA the voltages of Extreme High Voltage Transmission lines are 230kV and 380kV.

Since transmission capacity increases by square of voltage, typical capacity of these lines is several GWs.

In consideration of available capacity(*) above, the scale of 500MW-1GW/site is a candidate of possible hyper large PV/CPV system in KSA.

(*) It is necessary to conduct a careful survey about relevant actual power network of EHVT together with local electric companies involved.

Capacity of Hyper large PV/CPV system: 500MW


Possible Hyper Large PV System in KSA

21

10 MW 10 MW

10 MW

10 MW

10 MW

10 MW

…

In the case of output fluctuation due to sunshine fluctuation, the loop grid will be stabilized since 10MW units cover each other’s fluctuation.

10 MW …

Approx. 3.2km

10 MW

10 MW

10 MW

10 MW

10 MW 10 MW

10 MW 10 MW 10 MW

… Approx. 3.2km

10MW X 50 units= 500MW

Hyper Large Scale PV/CPV System


22

PV Panels PV Arrays PV base

Junction box

Collection box

Inverters

Transducer

Data measurement equipment Control

room

< Sub station > < transmission line towers >

Transmission Equipment

DC

DC

AC

Data signal

Transmission line

Pyranometer

Thermometer Wind gauge

Rain gauge

Data signal

*Including switch, transformer and/or relay

Extra-high voltage transformation equipment

10 MW Solar System

Weather Monitoring


12.6MW as an example in Canary Islands

23

- Site selection - Site survey

-System design considering… · PV panel specification · PV panel lay-out · Array inclination angle · Cross section of cable: thick or thin · Climate data · loss estimation by each loss factors · Energy yield estimation: Annual

power output

Ras Tanura refinery

Desalination Plant

Saudi Aramco HQ（Dhahran）

-System design finalized

Example above: NED project in

Thailand

DC out of

PV

DC at

inverter input

AC output

Solar Radiati

on

Sunlight conversion Loss

DC Loss AC Loss

<Loss estimation >


Hyper large PV system installation

24

IPP

On-site service

EPC

O&M

EPC

EPC

EPC

EPC

IPP

On-site service Asset management service

IPP

IPP

Expansion of “Comprehensive Solution”

More advanced than original O&M - On-site service - Asset management service

- would like to minimize the investment risk.

- Lack knowledge of how to manage generation plant.

Customer/Investor Comprehensive Solution

Hyper Large PV System Installation: Asset Management


25

1. Introduction


and its technology

a. PV/CPV modules

b. Solar systems



Contents

26

Desalination factory Water source

Removal of organic material Sterilization treatment

/ culture fluid

Hyper Large PV System Nursery plant, sprout etc. are grown in weak light under the modules.

Hydroponic culture in semi-outdoor

One-of-a-kind

technology

Hydroponic culture in the greenhouse

Vegetables like tomato, Cucumber etc. without agricultural chemicals

Common vegetable zone High class

Vegetable zone

Mushroom

Vegetable factory

DC/DC

AC/DC

Only one technology

One-of-a-kind technology


LED

Air conditioner

Melon, strawberry etc

PCI

Solar Farm with Hyper Large Scale PV System

27

Smart community

Large Size Storage battery

Existing power plants

Other distributed generation

EV charging infra

Power

Storage battery

Smart PC

HEMS

Smart Appliances

PV

Hyper Large-scale PV power plant

Smart City / Area-EMS

Collective housing HEMS

Shop-EMS

See-Through for smart building

BIPV

Storage battery

Seawater Desalination Plant

Storage battery

PV factory

SHARP’s Technology SHARP’s Next Technology

Smart Grid

Power Generation


Green Technologies for Smart Grid / Smart City

hyper large scale pv/cpv power generation …...3 1. introduction 2. hyper large scale pv/cpv power...

Documents