hydrogen and fuel cells in croatia - hfc-hungary.org...in the expecting of hydrogen fuel cell...
TRANSCRIPT
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HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA
Assist. Prof. Ankica Kovač, Ph.D., MEng. AE.
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Department of Power Engineering, Energy, and Environment
Workshop: UK – Central Europe Hydrogen Energy Collaboration in Policy and Technology Budapest, Hungary, September 26th 2019
mailto:[email protected]
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CROATIA – DREAMLAND ☺
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HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA
Basic research
▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture,
▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,
▪ Institute of Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb,
▪ University of Split, Faculty of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and NavalArchitecture,
▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing.
Applied Research
▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture,
▪ Institute of Ruđer Bošković, Zagreb,
▪ University of Split, Faculty of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering and NavalArchitecture.
▪ University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing.
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HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA
Industrial development
▪ KONČAR – Electrical Engineering Institute, Inc.
Commercial production
▪ INA d.d.
▪ Končar – Electrical Industry Inc.
Legislations:
▪ Croatian Standards Institute.
▪ Acceptance of the European directives (Hydrogen fuel cellspowered vehicles homologation).
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1 Krk
2 Rab
15 Split
4 Losinj
5 Pag
6 Dugi otok
7 Vis
8 Brac
9 Hvar
10 Korcula
11 Mljet12 Dubrovnik
13 Ploce
14 Makarska
17 Sibenik
18 Benkovac
19 Obrovac
16Trogir
Katoro1
Rovinj2
Pula3
Pazin4
Plomin5
Rijeka6
N. Vinodolski7
Krk8
Rab9
Losinj10
Senj11
Karlobag13
Pag14
Obrovac16Zadar17
Benkovac18
D. Otok19Vodice20
Sibenik21 Split23
Brac24
Hvar25Vis26
Korcula27
Makarska28
Ivanic Grad39Zagreb36
Krapina37
Varazdin38
Kutina40
Gradiska41Sl. Brod42
Osijek43
Ploce29
Peljesac30Mljet31
Dubrovnik32
Ravna Gora33
Dobra34
Karlovac35
3 Cres
Jablanac12
Trogir22
No. PV Field
Gospic15
H2 Fueling station
(Electrolyser)
No.
▪ Croatia is touristic world destination,
▪ In the expecting of hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicles to be on the roads of Europe, hydrogeninfrastructure in Croatia is needed.
▪ Still in 2005 Prof. Mihajlo Firak anticipated the problem and suggested solar hydrogen generation systemusing distributed PV fields, and electrolyzers. PV fields would produce electrical energy during the day(delivering the electricity at higher prices), and electrolyzers would produce hydrogen during the nights(using 2x lower electricity prices); Right Figure: Blue: 19 PV power plants of 0.0289 km2, red: 43commercial electrolyzers of 10.7 kg / h of hydrogen. (Croatian Energy Association, 14th Forum, 25th
November, 2005)
Power grid connects strategically distributed PV fields and HRS including electrolysers >> green hydrogen
HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES IN CROATIA
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University of Split, Faculty of Mechanical of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
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University of Zagreb, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing
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AMMONIA BORANE AND ITS DERIVATIVES
EFFICIENT SYSTEMS FOR SOLID-STATE HYDROGEN STORAGE
composites
amidoboranesdecomposition
characterisation
spectroscopy
in-situ reaction monitoring
( ) ( ) 2333233 HBHNHBHNHMBHNHMH nnmm nn +−→+
gas uptake
Core-shell nanoparticlesPorous C and BN
2D carbon materials
LiNH2BH3(NH3BH3)xNaNH2BH3(NH3BH3)xLi2Mg(NH2BH3)4 ...
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
% m
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
t / °C
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
DT
A s
ign
al / °C
mg
-1
I in air I in N2 III in N2
TG
DTA
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
wavenumber / cm-1
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
NB05_t_ABB
P-XRD and Raman
monitoring of ball milling
IR and Raman spectroscopy
XRD
Rietveld structure refinement
Pressure-composition isotherms,
BET,...TG, DTA, DSC
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500wavenumber / cm
-1
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000
wavenumbers / cm-1
Variable temperature IR spectroscopic differentiation of the processes...
... in the bulk
... and on the surface2D correlation
In collaboration with:
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Electricity
Hydrogen
Inverter
Solar energy Wind energy Water energy
Electrolysis Fuel Cell Stack
Electrical
energy storage
Inverter
H2
Inverter
Končar and Decentralised Energy Resources
Inverter Inverter
KONČAR - Electrical Engineering Institute, Inc., Zagreb
Power supply for communication base
Stationary Facility For Generation of Electric and Thermal Energy Using Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
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INA, d.d. is a medium-sized European oil company with a leading role in Croatian oil business and a strong position in the region.
Company profile: INA Group
6.7 MILLION TONSOF REFINING CAPACITY
506
ANNUAL
REVENUES $3.5 billion
10.842
Hydrogen production in INA:
• Rijeka Refinery – Steam methane reforming process
technology (SMR)
• SMR is established and mature technology
• SMR is currently the lowest-cost hydrogen production
• In combination with carbon capture (CCS), carbon emissions
are reduced significantly by up to 90% ( „blue hydrogen”)
road transport
non – electrified railtransport
maritime traffic
SHORT TERM MID TERM LONGTERM
PRODUCTION: 34.9 Mboe/d
RESERVES:
115 MMboe
Croatia onshore
Egypt
North Adriatic
Angola
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ROAD TRANSPORT (FUTURE VISION)
▪ Public transport operators with FCH buses in bigger cities – Zagreb; Rijeka; Split (as a role model)
▪ Other public transport bus operators in smaller cities
▪ Cities cleaning companies with FCH garbagetrucks, other transport operators car fleets, delivery vans
▪ Private induviduals - as end customers withFCH applications
▪ Private individuals and private companies –coming to Croatia as tourists with FCH applications - part of the Mediterranean TEN-T network corridor
NON – ELECTRIFIED RAIL TRANSPORT▪ Public transport rail operator – Hrvatske
željeznice
MARITIME TRAFFIC▪ State fast shipping lines – Sea Carriers;
Jadrolinija, Alpex,...
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What about future of maritimetransportation?!
• Šibenik archipelago consists of 249 islands and
little islands with 157 km2 in total area,
• 6 islands are permanently settled with todays
6600 inhabitants,
• The idea is to connect Šibenik to these islands
with electric and/or hydrogen powered fuel cell
catamaran.
Some projects are in development stages
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Air-side streamlinesH2 mass
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Ele
ktr
ičn
a st
ruja
, I
/ A
Napon, U / V
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 40
5
10
15
20
25
qv = 0,000 cm3 s-1
qv = 7,090 cm3 s-1
qv = 18,77 cm3 s-1
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▪ First Croatian Hydrogen Powered Bicycle – in operation
▪ First Croatian Hydrogen Refuelling Station – in operation
University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
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University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
▪ Croatia Mirai Challenge, 18th September 2019 (incooperation with Toyota Croatia d.o.o.) – promotionof hydrogen technologies
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University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
▪ Croatia Mirai Challenge, 18th September 2019 (in cooperation with Toyota Croatiad.o.o.) – promotion of hydrogen technologies
START
FINISH
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HYDROGEN IN THE NEW CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGY
SCENARIO 1▪ The transition to alternative fuel in transport is particularly
intense after 2030.
▪ In 2050
• Beginning of the introduction of hydrogen.
SCENARIO 2▪ The transition to alternative fuel in transport is particularly
intense after 2030.
▪ In 2050
• Beginning of the introduction of hydrogen.
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HYDROGEN IN THE NEW CROATIAN ENERGY STRATEGYHydrogen infrastructure
▪ The first costs for HRSs are planned:
• 2021-2030 in the amount of approximately 34 million
EUR,
• 2031 to 2040 in the amount of 68 million EUR and
• 2041-2050 in the amount of 102 million EUR.
▪ Assuming the current Chinese price of one HRS of 1.4 millionEUR, the strategy plan is to install 25 HRSs for the firstdecade, 50 for the second, and 75 HRSs for the third.
Hence by 2050 75 HRSs in Croatia!
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CROATIA IN THE HYDROGEN SOCIETY - EU HYDROGEN MAP
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CROATIA IN THE HYDROGEN SOCIETY
▪ Republic of Croatia is the member of TechnologyCollaboration Programme on Advanced Fuel Cells (AFC TCP):
http://www.ieafuelcell.com/index.php?id=8
• Members of Executive Committee of AFC TCP:
• Ankica Kovač – Representative Member
• Frano Barbir – Alternate Member
http://www.ieafuelcell.com/index.php?id=8
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HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN CROATIA
Assist. Prof. Ankica Kovač, Ph.D., MEng. AE.
University of Zagreb
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture
Department of Power Engineering, Energy, and Environment
Workshop: UK – Central Europe Hydrogen Energy Collaboration in Policy and Technology Budapest, Hungary, September 26th 2019
mailto:[email protected]