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Human Machine Interface (HMI)

in Driver Environment Results from the WiseCar project

Lone-Eirin Lervåg, Terje Moen and Gunnar D. Jenssen

SINTEF

VERDIKT, 01. Nov 2010

Context No consensus on HMI standard yet

Humanist

4 year Network of excellence

Humanist/AIDE workshops

Human Factors Standardisation within ISO

Definitions, measurements

eSafety working groups

European Statement of Principles on HMI

RESPONSE (Prevent) Code of Practise for ADAS

WiseCar

Need for HMI evaluation methodology

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The WiseCar project: Intelligent Driver Support Systems

Funded by the Norwegian Research Council trough the research

programme ”VERDIKT”

User-driven Innovation Project (BIP)

Periode: 2007-2011

The main objective of WiseCar is to develope

mobile ICT-solutions for all road users. Improved safety and efficiency in transport

Considerable growth for Norwegian product- and service industry

New knowledge and technology

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Main activities in WiseCar

Product development State of the art research and governmental strategies to the innovation

process

Development and adaption of technological platform Technological platform for wireless communication (CVIS)

Information platform for traffic related data (TRIP)

Development of Evaluation Methodology Human Machine Interface, safety and efficiency effects

Unwanted side effects (distraction, increased driver workload etc)

Test battery consisting of advanced driving simulator, instrumented

vehicles, field equipment, workload indicator measurements, driver

awareness measurements, driver attention measurements

Examples of use of the

Evaluation Methodology developed

within the WiseCar project:

Example 1:

Testing of an Intelligent Speed Adapter

developed by Triona AS

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Testing ISA in the driving simulator Intelligent Speed Adaption

The ISA product had unexpected delays

showing new speedlimit

An interface to ISA in the driving simulator was

made

GPS interface

logical road network database

Stress-testing by increasing the GPS data rate

from the simulator to ISA

Bug found quite fast

The bug caused a delay in Windows Message Queuing

system causing unexpected delays when displaying

new speed limits

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The test saved Triona for a lot of time trying to track

down the error in real traffic.

Examples of use of the

Evaluation Methodology developed

within the WiseCar project:

Example 2:

Expert evaluation of a waste management system

developed by Norsk Navigasjon AS

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Waste Manager Tool for the renovation industry developed by Norsk Navigasjon AS

Function:

Navigate and guide drivers

Always updated data in the

trucks

Rerouting of trucks

Documentation of work

completed

HMI solution based on a

display in the truck

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Evaluation of HMI with regard to traffic safety

Purpose:

Reveal potential system weakness

(usability, safety)

Check product according to current

international standards and

guidelines

Method

Expert evaluation (safety checklist,

observation)

Survey among drivers

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Conclusions – Waste Manager

No serious safety faults revealed

Some minor usability faults revealed (can easily be corrected)

User accept is generally positive

The product is in agreement with international standards

and guidelines for In-vehicle information and

communication systems.

Added value for company:

Improvement of product

Marketing arguements

Safety assurance

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Examples of use of the

Evaluation Methodology developed

within the WiseCar project:

Example 3:

Development and evaluation of HMI solutions

for a Lane Departure Warning system

(WayPilot)

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WayPilot – electronic road markings

The Norwegian Public Roads Administration

has tested a system for Lane Departure

Warning called WayPilot

SINTEF was engaged to develop and

evaluate alternative HMI solutions based on

the WiseCar methodology

The study was carried out in the

SINTEF/NTNU advanced driving simulator.

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HMI solutions

Common to all lane departure warning systems are the task

of informing or alerting the driver on undesirable deviation

in lateral position.

Most products on the market alert the driver by a

combination of: Audible warnings

Visual warnings

Haptic feedback

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The original WayPilot HMI

Visual and auditory feedback

Left center marking

(Remember turn signal!)

Right lane marking Left lane marking

(Remember turn signal!)

Two haptic HMI solutions were developed

Tactile seat

Tactile steering wheel

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Vibration units integrated in

drivers seat

Vibration unit integrated in steering wheel

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LED display

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Driver environment including LED-display

indicating crossing of right road marking

Simulator study Experimental design

A virtual model of a test route of 14 km was built

A sample of 18 subjects with simulator experience was

selected

Each driver drove a total of three test rounds, one round

for each HMI solution: Original WayPilot (visual and audible)

Tactile seat and LED display

Tactile steering wheel and LED display

After each trial the subjects completed a questionnaire

During the test drive, the subjects were presented to 9

tasks – to provoke them to leave the driving lane

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Overtaking of stationary objects Pass a parked BMW

Pass a parked Audi

Pass some cones (roadwork)

Avoid a big box

Overtaking of mobile objects

Overtake the red car ahead

(Voice message)

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Overtake the bicyclist

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Almost invisible object appears abruptly

Avoid a log on the road

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Retrieving of object from the back seat

Grab the RITZ box in the rear

seat and put it in the front

seat. Voice message

Take the RITZ box in the front

seat and put it back in the

rear seat. Voice message

Conclusion I – WayPilot

User acceptance for

haptic systems are

rather high – and the

tactile steering wheel

is the preferred

solution

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Conclusion II - WayPilot

Drivers find the lane support

systems useful and effective in

terms of improved driving

behaviour and traffic safety

Drivers with low risk willingness

have greater confidence in the

systems and are generally more

positive to the systems than

those with a high sensation

seeking tendency.

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Conclusion III - WayPilot

Willingness to pay for

lane support systems

are rather low

…but drivers are fairly

positive to mandatory

installation of LDW

systems in new cars

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Recommendations - WayPilot

For factory installed LDW systems:

Tactile steering wheel is recommended

For the aftermarket:

Tactile seat is recommended

The price of a full lane support system for the end user

should not exceed NOK 5.000

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Final remark

It ensures that products are designed

according to existing standards and

principals

It provides safe and efficient solutions

(and reveals unwanted side effects)

It provides solutions with high user

acceptance

Developers can save both time and

costs by using the methodology in an

early stage of the product development

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The WiseCar evaluation methodology is an important and

useful tool for developers of ICT applications for road

users.

WiseCar partners Q-Free ASA (private company and projects owner)

SINTEF (Research partner and project manager)

Norsk Navigasjon AS (private company)

Skandinavisk Teknologiutvikling AS (private company)

Triona AS (private company)

MapSolutions AS (private company)

P4 Radio Hele Norge ASA (nationwide, commercial radio channel)

Statens Vegvesen (Norwegian Public Roads Administration)