human health skill performance - สมาคม ... in cssd_su… · performance knowledge health...
TRANSCRIPT
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Human Performance
Knowledge
Health
Ethic
Skill
Occupational Safety
Environmental Workplace Safety
Definitions
• Accident ‐ ‐ An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one resulting in damage or harm.
• Safety ‐ ‐ The condition of being safe; freedom from hazards = harmless.
• Hazards ‐ ‐ The potential to cause harm.
• Occupational health hazard ‐ ‐ A danger or hazard to workers that is inherent in a particular occupation.
Source of Accident
• People
• Equipment & Materials
• Work flow
• Management
• Workplace environment
Cause of Accident
• Unsafe Act ‐‐ 88 %• Unsafe Condition ‐‐ 10 %
• Fortune ‐‐ 2 %
Domino Theory
1 2 3 4 5
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Domino Theory
12
3
4 5
1
2
3
4
5
Social background
Personal character
Unsafe acts & conditions
Accident
Injury
Safety goal is……..????
• NO hazards
• NOT dangerous or harmful
• Least risk
• ZERO accident
Why does it matter ?
• CSSD staff• Other health care workers
• Visitor
• Patient ‐ ‐ sterilized material
Goal of Safety in CSSD
• Patient Safety
• Occupational or Personal Safety
• Environmental Workplace Safety
Occupational Hazards
• Biological Hazards
• Physical Hazards
• Chemical Hazards
• Ergonomics Hazards
• Psycho‐social Hazards
• Radiation Hazard
Risk Assessment Processes
• Hazards Investigation & Identification• Activities/practices
• Workplace environment
• Hazards Evaluation & Assessment
• Hazards Control & Management• Elimination/Substitution
• Engineering control
• Administrative control
• Personal control/PPE
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Hazards Investigation & Identification
Hazards Investigation
• Walk through survey (active)
– Personal risk assessment
– Preliminary hazards assessment
– List of hazards
• Occurrence report (passive)
Flow of activities in CSSD
Hazards Identification
• Biological Hazards (rinsing, manual cleaning)
– Infectious agents ‐ ‐ Blood‐borne diseases
– Materials contaminated ‐ ‐ sharp
Hazards Identification
• Physical Hazards (rinsing, sterilizing)– Noise
– Extremes of heat, temperature 121‐132 C ‐ ‐Burns
– Pressure steam sterilizer ‐ ‐ Explosion
– Lighting
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• Physical Hazards– Noise Air dry
< 85 dBA
Hazards Identification Hazards Identification
• Physical Hazards (inspection, assembly)
– Lighting
> 400 lux
Hazards Identification
• Physical Hazards– Fire safety
– Electrical safety
– Equipment safety
– Sharp instrument injury
Fire safety• Make sure that you know what to do:
– If you have a fire
– If you hear a fire alarm
• Fire training annually
• Fire evacuation plan
House Keeping Electrical Safety
• Power supply
• Unplug electrical equipment after use
• Keep all electrical cords, wires, and appliances away from water
• Ground
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Electrical Safety
Use only three‐prong plug with earthling
Do not use• two‐prong plug• improper adapter
Equipment Safety
• Trained & Authorized
• Maintenance schedule
PPE for Autoclave Users
• Eye Protection
• Lab Coat, Buttoned
• Heat‐resistant Gloves
• Closed‐toed Shoes
Packaging for Autoclaving
• Be sure the material should be autoclaved
– No volatile chemicals, sharps, radioactivity
• Utilize containers and autoclave bags
appropriate for autoclaving
Packaging for Autoclaving
• Carefully add water to autoclave bags
• Check that all containers including bags are vented
– Loosely close autoclave bags
– Vent lids on bottles containing solutions
• Place packaged material in a secondary container
– Stainless steel tray or autoclavable polypropylene bin
Autoclave Verification
• A Chemical Integrator Test Pack (CITP) must be
incorporated in each load
• At least Weekly or Monthly Verification
• Yearly Verification ‐‐ Checks all conditions of autoclave cycle, time, temperature, and pressure
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Gas cylinders safety
• Never use without formal training
• Minimise the number in a laboratory
• Store externally whenever possible
Hazards Identification
• Chemical Hazards
– Formaldehyde
– Ethylene oxide
– Latex allergy
– Hydrogen peroxide
– Mercury
Hazards Identification
• Ergonomics Hazards– Posture
– Prolonged standing
– Lifting
– Workstation design
Hazards Identification
• Psycho‐social Hazards– Workload
– Work stress
– Income
– Co‐worker
Hazards Evaluation & Assessment
Hazards evaluation
• Personal Evaluation
• Workplace Evaluation
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Industrial Hygiene Equipment
Multi‐Gas Monitor
Smoke Tubes
CO, VOCs, H2S, OXY, LEL
Hydrogen peroxide meter
Indoor air quality meter
• Temp.• % RH• CO• CO2• Pressure
Sound Level
Lux meter
UVC light meter
Glutaraldehyde meter
Formaldehyde meter
Ventilation monitor
Particle counter
Ethylene oxide meter
• Stem cell• Transplantation• BSL‐3• Clean room
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Bioaerosols Sampling
Area Decontamination
• Operating room• ICU,RCU, CCU, Burn unit• BSL‐3• Clean room
VHP DMHP
OZONE
Ionized HP
UVGI
Hazards Assessment• Occupational exposure standards
– Ethylene oxide• ACGIH ‐ ‐ TWA 1 ppm
• OSHA ‐ ‐ STEL 5 ppm
• Action level 0.5 ppm
• Odor threshold 700 ppm
• IDLH 800 ppm
– Formaldehyde• ACGIH ‐ ‐ TWA 0.75 ppm
• OSHA ‐ ‐ STEL 2 ppm
• Action level 0.5 ppm• IDLH 20 ppm
Ventilation Standard
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air‐conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 2011 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications (SI)
• Relative humidity ‐ ‐ < 60 %RH
• Temperature ‐ ‐ 22‐26 C
Directional airflow
Temp.‐ ‐ 22 ‐ 26 C%RH ‐ ‐ under 60 %
Temp.‐ ‐ 22‐26 C%RH ‐ ‐ under 60 %
Hazards Control & Management
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Hierarchy of Hazards Control
Elimination/Substitution/Modification
Engineeringcontrols
Administrativecontrol
Personalcontrol
Effectiveness of controls
Elimination/substitution
• Ethylene oxide
• Formaldehyde
• Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma technology
• Modification process
Engineering Controls
• Ventilation– Local exhaust ventilation
– Air exchange rate
– Directional air flow
• Isolation– Soiled or Dirty area
– Clean workroom
– Sterile storage
Engineering Controls
• Enclosed processes– Sterilization equipment
• การลดสารเคมีท่ีต้นกําเนิด
• การประยุกต์หลักการทดแทน
• การประยุกต์หลักการแยก
• การบํารุงรักษา
• การระบายอากาศเฉพาะท่ี
• การปิดคลุม
• การระบายอากาศแบบเจือจาง
• ความเป็นระเบียบเรียบร้อย
• การเพิ่มระยะห่างระหว่าง
แหล่งกําเนิดกับผู้ปฏิบัติงาน
• ตรวจวัดสิ่งแวดล้อมการทํางาน
• การฝึกอบรม
• สุขวิทยาส่วนบุคคล
• การลดระยะเวลาสัมผัส
• การเฝ้าระวังสุขภาพ
• กําหนดพื้นท่ีอันตราย
• สวมใส่ PPD
Gastroenterology Dept.
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AFTER
Elimination/Substitution
Personal control Engineering control
Administrative Control• Safety policy
• Staff training and education ‐ ‐ practice, WI, SOP, equipment
• Safety sign
• Work time
• Number of staff
Personal control
• Recognition and strict implementation of the standard manual for the prevention
• Personal Hygiene ‐ ‐ Hand wash
• Personal Protective Equipment, PPE
Appropriated PPE
Emergency equipment
• First aid kit
• Chemical spill cleanup kit
• Communication !!!! & Train…Train…Train
• Incident report
Hazardous waste
• Infectious waste
• Contaminated needle/sharp waste
• Chemical waste ‐ ‐ Disinfectant
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Health Surveillance
• Pre‐employment health check
• Annual checkup
• Special checkup ‐ ‐ spirometry, audiometry, OC vision
• Vaccination ‐ ‐ Hep B, tetanus
Safety Attitudeให้ความร่วมมือ
เช่ือฟังกฎระเบยีบเกี่ยวกับความปลอดภัย
รายงานอุบัติการณ์
ไม่ทําส่ิงซึ่งเป็นอันตรายต่อตนเองและผู้อ่ืน
CSSD Safety ; Everyone Is Responsible!