human evolution / hominid powerpoint
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Human Evolution / Hominid Powerpoint - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Hominid:A primate of a family (Hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors.
Sehlanthropus Tchadensis
● 7 million years ago
● Brain size: 350 cc
● foramen magnum slightly more forward than a chimpanzee's
Sehlanthropus Tchadensis
Orrorin Tugenensis
● 6 million years ago
● Smaller Canine Teeth
● No skull found yet
● Leg bones indicate it was bipedal
Ardipithecus Kadabba
● 5.6 million years ago
● Leg bones indicate it was bipedal
● Canine teeth smaller
Ardipithecus Ramidus
● 4.4 million years ago
● Brain size 350 cc
● Walked bipedally but hunched over● Pelvis more like a human's than a chimpanzee's● Hands more like a human's than a chimpanzee's● Foramen magnum almost directly below the skull
Australopithecus Anamensis
● 4.1 million years ago
● Smaller canine teeth
Australopithecus Bahrelghazali
● 3.5 million years ago
● reduced prognathism
Australopithecus Afarensis (“Lucy”)
● 3.2 million years ago● Brain size 438 cc● Fully Human-like teeth● Foreman magnum directly below the skull● almost fully Human-like pelvis● Walked bipedally upright● Human-like hands
Australopithecus Afarensis (“Lucy”)
Australopithecus Afarensis
● Shin bone found first, rest of the body 1 mile away (the shin was probably from a separate individual)● Eight more individuals found since then, including an adult male and two children
Afarensis Male Afarensis Female
Australopithecus Afarensis Child
Kenyanthropus Platyops
● 3.2 million years ago
● Same brain size as Lucy
Kenyanthropus Platyops
Australopithecus Africanus
● 2.5 million years ago
● Brain size: 452 cc
● Human-like Pelvis
Australopithecus Africanus
Australopithecus Africanus
Australopithecus Garhi
● 2.5 million years ago
● Brain size 450 cc
The Paranthropus Genus
● Sagittal Crest for attaching jaw muscle
● Large molar teeth for grinding up stems and roots
Other mammals have sagittal creststo increase bite strength
Paranthropus Aethiopicus
● 2.5 million years ago
● Brain size 410 cc
Paranthropus Aethiopicus
Paranthropus Robustus
● 1.5 million years ago
● Brain size 530 cc
Paranthropus Boisei
● 1.2 million years ago
● Brain size 550 cc
Paranthropus Boisei
Paranthropus Boisei teeth and modern Homo Sapien teeth
2 million years ago:
Homo Habilis “Handy Man”
● 2 million years ago
● Brain size 600 cc
● Larger brain than other hominids at the time
● First tool maker
● Human-like hands, pelvis, and teeth
Homo Habilis
Homo Habilis' tools
Australopithecus Sediba
● 2 million years ago
● Brain size 420 cc
Sediba hand comparison
Australopithecus Sediba pelvis
Sediba compared to Lucy
Homo Rudolfensis
● 1.9 million years ago
● Brain size 526 cc
Homo Rudolfensis
Homo Ergaster
● 1.8 million years ago
● Brain size 900 cc
● Large increase in brain size after Habilis
● Large Prefrontal Cortex
Homo Ergaster - “Turkana Boy”
Homo Ergaster
Homo Gautengensis
● 1.8 million years ago
● Extinct 1 million years ago
● Short stature: 3' 6”
Homo Erectus Georgicus
● 1.7 million years ago
● Brain size 600 cc
● Lived in Europe
● Similar to Homo Erectus and Homo Ergaster
Homo Erectus
● 1 million years ago
● Extinct 300,000 years ago
● Brain size 1050 cc
Homo Erectus
●Took care of their elderly
Homo Erectus
Homo Erectus
Homo Antecessor
● 800,000 years ago
● Brain size 1,350 cc
● Lived in Europe
Homo Antecessor
Homo Heidelbergensis● 400,000 years ago
● Brain size 1350 cc
● Lived in Europe
● Used stone tipped spears
Homo Heidelbergensis
Homo Rhodesiensis
● 125,000 years ago
● Brain size 1100 cc
● Similar skull to Heidelbergensis
Homo Sapiens (Archaic)
● 100,000 years ago
● Brain size 1,520 cc
● Strong Brow Ridges
● Slight prognathism
Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)
● Extinct 32,000 years ago
● Brain size 1350 cc
● Neanderthal DNA recovered
● Interbred with ancestors to Europeans and Asians
●Took care of their elderly
Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)
Homo Neanderthalensis (Neanderthals)
● Built homes from animal bones
● Used advanced tools (but not as advanced as HomoSapiens)
● Buried their dead
Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”
● Extinct 13,000 years ago
● Brain size 350 cc
● Very small brain
● 3 feet 6 inches tall
● Lived on small islands with dwarf elephants and dog-sized rats
Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”
Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”
Homo Floresiensis “Hobbits”
Cro-magnon (cave man)
● 43,000 years ago
● Early European Homo Sapien
● Mitochondrial DNA recovered
Denisovans
● 41,000 years ago
● We don't know what they looked like
● DNA was recovered from one finger bone
● Interbred with ancient Asians
?
A Hominid Forgery: Piltdown man
● in 1912● Using radiometric dating scientists exposed it as a 500 year old skull with an orangutan's jaw● Shoe polish had been added to make it look old
Homo Sapiens (modern)
● Brain size 1350 cc
● Small Brow Ridge on males
● Little or no prognathism (jaw jutting forward)
● Advanced tools
● Use of jewelry
Modern Skulls
African EuropeanNative American