+

Psychosocial Theory: Life cycle Identity Development (1902-1994)

+ Erik H. Erikson

• Born to Danish parents in Germany • Raised by single mother until the age of 3, and

his mother remarried to a doctor.

• Erik excelled in art and history, but no known for being a good student

• Moratorium- a period during which young people take time to try find themselves

• Erik was wandering through Europe doing art, but was called upon to be a teacher at a new Viennese school by Anna Freud and Dorothy Burlington.

• He studied child psychoanalysis with Anna Freud and others. He never earned a college degree, but was offered and took a position as a professor at Harvard University.

+What is

Psychosocial?

Erikson claimed that the individual develops on three

levels simultaneously:

*Biological, social and psychological (representing the organism, membership of society and individualism respectively).

Erickson’s Stage Theory

Age Stages

Birth to 1 Hope Trust vs Mistrust

1 to 3 Will Autonomy vs shame/doubt

3 to 6 Purpose

Initiative vs guilt

6 to 11 Competence

Industry vs. Inferiority

Adolescence Fidelity Identity vs role confusion

Young Adulthood Love

Intimacy vs Isolation

Adulthood Care Generativity vs self-absorption

Old Age Wisdom Ego integrity vs. Despair

Identity versus role confusion

*Disturb and confuse over new social conflicts and demands *Acceptance of compartmentalized social roles

Adolescence

*Drive and sexual energy*Rapid physical change (barely recognize themselves) *Puberty (sexual characteristics)

• Identity formation, uncertain of who they are and begin to judge others• Unconscious process,

attach to viewpoints• Concern with appearance

and how others may view them

Inner need to avoid identity foreclosure to identity association premature

Psychological

Biological

Social

Identity development

Identity Crisis – Who Am I?

Terminology

*Identity Crisis: emergence of all the new feelings, capabilities, as well as meetingdemands by society.

*Negative Identity Formation: socially unacceptable or self-destructive

*Ideology: discover what one believes in, attitudes, and values

*Fidelity- commitment to a role and ideology.

*Role confusion/identity diffusion- unable to show commitment to a role or ideology

*Psychosocial moratorium –a kind of time out period to find oneself

*Self- Esteem- one is developing a defined personality within a social reality which one understands.

+

*Rebel *Unstable relationship with parents.*Viewed intense by others*Engage in identity development

James Marcia

Moratorium Foreclosure

*Not open to new opportunities*Accept identity role or what is wanted by parents*may have an extrinsic religious orientation

Alternative perspective on identity development

Identity Diffusion

*Lower levels of moral reasoning *Feel alienated from parents

Identity Achievement (Happens during adulthood)

Well-defined values and self values

Adolescent

Identity Development

In massive media

• Bullying/Cyber bullying

• Sexting

• Films/Movies • Cliques • Race/gender roles

• Violence • Sexual preference

• Teen pregnancy • MTV teen moms

Topic: Adolescent identity development and massive media

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bBxxLCqQn2U

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d97O5zOBwcw