work for human development human development report 2015

Work for Human Development

Human DevelopmentReport 2015

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What is “Human Development’?


The true aim of development is not only to boost incomes, but also to maximize human choices – by enhancing human rights, freedoms, capabilities and opportunities and by enabling people to lead long, healthy and creative lives.

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Human Development “Index” - HDI


The human development concept is complemented with a measure - theHuman Development Index (HDI) - thatassesses human well-being from a broad perspective, going beyond income.

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Human Development Reports – since 1990


Human Development Index (HDI) ranking: composite index -to lead a long and healthy life, measured by life expectancy at birth; -the ability to acquire knowledge, measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling; -the ability to achieve a decent standard of living, measured by gross national income per capita.

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Four other composite indices. •The Inequality-adjusted HDI discounts the HDI according to the extent of inequality. •The Gender Development Index compares female and male HDI values. •The Gender Inequality Index highlights women’s empowerment. •The Multidimensional Poverty Index measures non-income dimensions of poverty.

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2015 special focus: “Work for Human Development”

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What does ‘work’ mean in 2015?


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Rethinking ‘work’


Work enables people to earn a livelihood and be economically secure. It is critical for equitable economic growth, poverty reduction and gender equality. It also allows people to fully participate in society while affording them a sense of dignity and worth. Work can contribute to the public good, and work that involves caring for others builds cohesion and bonds within families and communities.

Work also strengthens societies. Human beings working together not only increase material well-being, they also accumulate a wide body of knowledge that is the basis for cultures and civilizations. And when all this work is environmentally friendly, the benefits extend across generations. Ultimately, work unleashes human potential, human creativity and the human spirit.

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The 2015 Human Development Report

•Examines the links between work - not just jobs - and human development.

•Analyses the implications of the changing world of work.

•Examines the gender imbalances in paid and unpaid work

•Focuses on sustainable work

•Considers how to turn challenges into opportunities, so that work enriches human lives not just economies.


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Work - Much More Than Jobs


Report Fig 1.1

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Work and human development: the links are not always automatic

•Some work damages human development – child labour (168 million), forced labour (21 million) and some work put workers at risk – miners (30 million)

•More than 1.5 billion workers are in vulnerable jobs and nearly more half of women employed are in vulnerable jobs

•About 204 million are unemployed of which 74 million are youths

•830 million people are working poor – working but living on less than $ 2 a day


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The changing world of work

•Globalization and digital revolution

•Double-edged swords: opportunities and risks

•Gains for some losses for others


Figure 3.3

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Gender imbalances in paid and unpaid work

•Women contribute 52% of global work, men 48%. Men’s share of paid work is nearly twice that of women - 38% vs. 21%

•But – when they are paid – women earn 24% less than men; they represent only 22% of senior business managers

•Women work 3 of every 4 hours of unpaid work and they bear an unequal share of care burden – 83% of 53 million domestic workers are women

•Equal pay, decent parental leave and tackling the social norms that exclude women from work are key intervention areas


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Sustainable work for sustainable development

•Sustainable work promotes human development - by sustaining the planet and also by ensuring work for future generations

•Sustainable work requires termination, transformation and creation of work

•Renewable energy sector alone employs 8 million workers

•The SDGs have key implications for sustainable work


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Key Policy Options

Clusters of strategies for:

•Creating work opportunities

•Ensuring workers’ wellbeing

•Pursuing targeted action


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A Call To Action

•New Social Contract

•Global Deal

•Decent Work Agenda


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Ukraine’s HDI


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• Ukraine’s 2014 HDI of 0.747 is below the average of 0.748 for countries in Europe and Central Asia

Ukraine’s HDI


HDI value HDI rank Life expectancy

at birth

Expected years of

schooling

Mean years of

schooling

GNI percapita

(PPP US$)

Ukraine 0.747 81 71.0 15.1 11.3 8,178Kazakhstan 0.788 56 69.4 15.0 11.4 20,867

Russian Federation

0.798 50 70.1 14.7 12.0 22,352

Europe and Central Asia

0.748 — 72.3 13.6 10.0 12,791

High HDI 0.744 — 75.1 13.6 8.2 13,961

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• Ukraine’s HDI for 2014 is 0.747. However, when the value is discounted for inequality, the HDI falls to 0.689, a loss of 7.8 percent due to inequality in the distribution of the dimension indices

• Ukraine has a Gender Inequality Index value of 0.286, ranking it 57 out of 155 countries in the 2014 index

• The female HDI value for Ukraine is 0.747 in contrast with 0.745 for males, resulting in a GDI value of 1.003

Inequality-adjusted HDIGender Inequality Index


Dr. Marcus Brand, Democratic Governance Advisor, UNDP Ukraine

[email protected]

hdr.undp.org


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work for human development human development report 2015

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