HubsStruts & Stays

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

HubsTeetered-Delta 3-Butterfield

Paul Gipe & Assoc. ESI 80, Palm Springs, CA

HubsTeetered-Pitch Linked

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Windflow 500Gebbies Pass, NZ

HubsFlapping

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Each Blade Operates Independently

WTC, Fairmont Reservoir, CA

HubsCantilevered

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

HubsFixed (But Adjustable) Pitch

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

HubsVariable Pitch

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Hub (Blade) Extenders

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Nordex

Hub (Blade) Bolts

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Nordex

Drive TrainsTraditional Danish

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• Front Bearing

• Main Shaft

• Gearbox

• Generator

© Bonus

Drive TrainsTraditional Danish

Drive TrainsMain Shaft-Traditional

Traditional-Gearbox & Asynchronous Generators

Drive TrainsGearbox/Planetary-Parallel

Paul Gipe & Assoc. ©NZWEA

Drive TrainsIntegrated (Small)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Drive TrainsIntegrated (Small-Medium)

Drive TrainsIntegrated (Large)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Drive TrainsDual-Output Gearboxes

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

New Drive Trains

GE 2-3 MW

New Drive Trains

Fuhrländer 2 MW

Drive TrainsMultiple-Output Gearboxes

© Clipper Wind

Drive TrainsPlanetary/Slow Speed Generator

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Pfleiderer

Direct-Drive Wind Turbines• Enercon (D)

• Lagerwey (NL?)

• Jeumont-Industrie (F)

J48 © Jeuemont-Industrie

© Enercon

Drive TrainsDirect-Drive (Large)

Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Lagerwey

Drive TrainsDirect-Drive Permanent Magnet

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Vensys

© Vensys

Generators

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• DC Generators• Alternators• Induction (Asynchronous) Generators• Wound-Rotor or Doubly-Fed Induction

Generators• Direct-Drive Ring Generators• PMG

SmallLarge

GeneratorsDual-Induction

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• Dual Speeds

• Simple

• Rugged

• Cheap

Generator Pole Switching(RPM)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

50 Hz 60 Hz

4-pole 1500 1800

6-pole 1000 1200

GeneratorsWound-Rotor (Doubly-Fed)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

GeneratorsDirect-Drive (Large)

Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Enercon

GeneratorsDiscoidal Direct-Drive

Paul Gipe & Assoc. © Jeumont-Industrie

GeneratorsDirect-Drive PMG (Large)

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Vensys

Generators-Variable Speed

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• Better PerformanceMostly Hype

• Lower LoadsMajor Plus in LargeTurbines

• Ability to Correct Power Factor• More Expensive• More Complex• And, Don’t Forget the “Patent”

Generators-Variable Speed

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• “Opti” Slip (10%)• Doubly Fed Generators

Widely Used in Germany

Inverter Handles Only a Portion of Power

• Full Variable SpeedInverter Handles Full Power

Full Benefits of Variable Speed

Enercon, Lagerwey, & PMGs

Towers• Guyed

Small TurbinesLarge Turbines

• Freestanding (Cantilevered)Lattice

Small TurbinesLarge Turbines

TubularConcrete

• Hinged

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-GuyedSmall Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-Guyed LatticeSmall & Medium Wind Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© Vergnet

Towers-GuyedLarge Wind Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-FreestandingSmall Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-Lattice

Paul Gipe & Assoc.© Nordex

Towers-Lattice

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-TubularSmall Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-TubularMedium & Large Wind Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-Concrete

Paul Gipe & Assoc.© Risø

Towers-HingedSmall Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Hydraulic Tower

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Hydraulic Tower

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-HingedMedium Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Towers-Novel

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

• Octahedron

• Farm Silos

• Roof Tops

• Trees Yes, Really