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HUBEI PROVINCIAL SEED GROUP CO.,LTD

楚国种楚国种楚国种楚国种天下用天下用天下用天下用

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A life cycle of Cotton

• The life cycle of Cotton contains seed germination and sprouting

from the first, roots and stems and leaves growth, and branches

emerging and elongating , Based on the grawth of vegetative

orgems,reproductive orgems formation and deuelopment ,such

as flower bud differentiation, budding, flowering, boll enlarging,

and boll opening and cotton seeds mature.

• According to organs forming sequence and development

process,cotton growing periods can be divided as five stages:seed

sprouting, seedling, bud, flowering and boll forming and boll

opening stages.

Sowing seeds and raising seedlings in

nursery pots

sprouting stage

Transplanted seedlings

seedling stage

bud stage

flowering and boll forming stage

Boll opening stage

(Mature period)

hybrid cotton seed production

hybrid cotton seed production:hybrid cotton seed production:hybrid cotton seed production:hybrid cotton seed production:

In simple term，，，，hybrid cotton seed production indicates that before the

flowers of female parent bloom, remove their stamens and corolla and then

pollinate their stigmas with male parent’s pollens, finally the female parent

bolls produce hybrid F1 seeds.

Mother line

♀♀♀♀

Father

line

♂♂♂♂

Simple diagram of hybrid cotton seed productionSimple diagram of hybrid cotton seed productionSimple diagram of hybrid cotton seed productionSimple diagram of hybrid cotton seed production

Early management and operation

procedures in hybrid cotton seed production

Seedbed management and roguing

Transplanting

Seedling stage management

Bud stage management

Flowering and boll forming stage management

Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

Natural conditions

Field selection

Preparation of nutrient soil

Parents seed selection and treatment

Sowing

Field preparation

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•An important part of blossoming and boll forming stage

——artificial pollination

1.Natural conditions

Tilling soil layer

Subsoil layer

Zinc Boron Sulphur Manganese Molybdenum

PH value

Organic mater

Total N

Active P

Active K

1.Natural conditions

• Water requirements: it need rainfall 450-600mm during growing period;

• Light requirements:

Compensation point :1000-2000lux;

Saturation point :70000-80000 lux.

• Temperature requirements : 14 ℃℃℃℃-35 ℃℃℃℃,

the optimum 25 ℃℃℃℃-30 ℃℃℃℃.

2、、、、Field selection

Fertile soil, flat, no shadow, located leeward;

contiguous vast plot, convenient irrigation and

drainage, disease-free

The requirements of fields：：：：

3. preparation of nutrient soil

• Prepare 6.5-7MT nutrient

soil for one hectare

seedbed, mix with 30kg

compound fertilizer, and

then water the soil 15

days ahead seed sowing.

4. Parent seeds selection

and treatment

• Select plump, vigorous and

intact seeds

• One day before sowing: soak the

seeds with water solution of 150mg/kg

DPC and 70% imidacloprid 500mg/kg

for 8 hours. One kg water solution can

soak 2 kg seeds.

Soak seeds

5. Sowing

Include ：：：：

• Preparation of

Nutritionpot;

• Filling nutrient soil in

nutritionpots and

watering advance;

• Dibble seeding;

• Earthing the seeds with

nutrient soil; covering

the seedbed with

polythene membrane

5. Sowing

5.1 Nutritionpots

Prepare 33000

plastic cups per

hectare that each cup

has a small hole at the

bottom

((((Making nutrition bowls for nursery))))((((plastic cup for nursery))))

5. Sowing

5.2. Filling soil and watering

filled with soilwater the soil one day before sowing

5. Sowing

5.3. Dibble seeding

a. a. a. a. Make a hole in

the central of bowl

(if the bowl is a

plastic cup)

b. Put a seed (bigger side

upwards) in the hole

Keep water holding capacity of the soil at

about 80% Before sowing

Sowing male parent seeds 3-5 days earlier than female parent

5. Sowing

After sowing, cover the seeds with a

layer of 1.5cm depth fine soil, press

the soil slightly, then cover with

plastic membrane to keep proper

moisture. If the temperature is too

high, sunshading nets is needed.

5.4 Earthing the seeds and

covering embrane

6. Field preparation

6.1 Furrow and ridge

a. Deeply plough the land and harrow the soil;

b. Dig ditches every 190cm and make ridges

for cotton seedling transplanting;

c. make 2 trenches on each ridge for fertilizer

applying.

Space 190cm

ditches

6. Field Preparation

6.2 Field fertilization

Apply basal fertilizer before transplanting: organic

fertilizer 40-60 cubic meters, or cake fertilizer 750kg,

urea 300kg, 12% Phosphate 900kg, 60% potash 225kg,

zinc 15kg, manganese fertilizer 15kg, Granubor

(boron) 4.5kg. (per hectare )

trench

6. Field Preparation

6.3 Chemical weeding

a.We can spray 48% Trifluralin 1500-1875g/hm2 on the surface of soil before

transplanting；；；；

use in early time

Trifluralin

7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type

7.1 Seedbed management

The main work is spraying chemicals to prevent diseases and pests

Carbendazol,Furandan,Tachigaren

7. Seedbed management and roguing off-type

7.2 Roguing off-type

b. When the seedlings are

at 1.5 leaves stage,

spraying kanamycin

solution 8000mg/kg for

roguing off-type (the

plants will become

yellowish and die after 5

days)

a. Female parents：：：：identify and remove the off-type plants by the appearance

of shape (such as hair and color of stem) during seedling and bud stages

kanamycin

Off-type plants

8. TransplantingApplying compound fertilizer 225kg/ha before

transplanting. Start transplanting from 2.5 leaves stage.

Timely watering after

transplanting

8. TransplantingRow spacing &plant

spacing of female plants

(F) and male plants (M)

Transplant Male plants 3-5 days

earlier than female parent with

the row and plant spacing 70cm:

45cm, and female plants spacing

is 95cm: 45cm. Area ratio of Male

and female parents is 1:7-8.

Check and fill the vacant place in

time after transplanting.

F

row to row space

Plant to plant space

M

Plant to plant space

row to row space

9. Seedling stage management

9.1 Fertilization and watering

• Apply less quantity fertilizer

for 1-2 times after the

seedlings recovered: spot

applying solution of urea

apart 10-13cm from the

seedlings, per acre land

need urea 24 to 30 kg.

Repeat once if necessary.

9. Seedling stage management

9.2 Disease and pest control

• Mainly prevent aphids, thrips and other

pests in the seeding stage

aphids

thrips

10. Bud stage management

10.1 Bud stage Fertilization

When bud appears in cotton plant,

apply decomposed cake fertilizer

240-300kg, potash 60 kg and

compound fertilizer 150 kg.

Caution: do not use quick-acting

nitrogen such as urea from the

budding stage till to early flowering.

After fertilization, taking soil to make ridge at the base of seedlings to prevent plant lodging and waterlogging.

10.2 Ridging and molding


10.3 Pruning in time

Remove vegetative shoots,

redundant branches and buds at

the bottom to create a fruitful

frame. If seedlings density is

low, remain 1-2 vegetative

shoots to cover vacant space.

Apply DPC 30g/hm2 to prevent buds shattering and over-flourishing of the seedlings after budding according to the

weather and seedling conditionsDPC

10.4 Chemical control


Cotton is a kind of often cross-

pollinated crop, parental mutations

usually occurs. During bud stage,

off-type features are visible,

roguing work should be done in

time according to plant type, leaf

shape, boll-shape or the number of

stem villi, ability of insect and

disease resistance etc.

10.5 Roguing


10.6 Pests control

Control of aphids, cotton bollworm,

blind stinkbug, corn borer and other

harmful pests in the bud stage

Aphid Cotton bugs

Corn borer

Cotton bollworm

Aphids

11. Management during the flowering

and boll forming stage

11.1 Topdressing in

flower-boll stage

a. Ploughing near cotton plants and

applying fertilizer after the first boll

form (boll diameter 2cm ). Apply

urea 225kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer

600kg/hm2, potassium fertilizer

225kg/hm2, Granubor (boron) 1-2

bags

b. Apply urea 150kg/hm2 after 15-

20 days of previous topdressing

according seedling condition;

c. Later period topdressing is

spraying water solution of urea and

KH2PO4, once a week.



11.2 Proper chemical regulation

●●●●According to the weather and seedling condition, use regulator 2-3 times

from initial flowering to topping stage. 5-7 days after topping, apply 25%

DPC 20-25ml/hm2 for capping (final regulation).

●●●● Remove the tops of

plants and tips of

downside branches to

eliminate the top

superiority when fruit

branches reach 20-21

per plant or in the mid-

October

11.3 Remove tops



11.4 Diseases and pests control

Mainly prevent cotton bollworm: biological control and ecological chemical is

the main treatment in earlier stages; organophosphorus insecticide and

chrysanthemate pesticide are the main chemicals during later stages, spraying

such pesticides every 5-7days, joined by manual seizing of aged larvae.

bollworm

Ecological

pesticide

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• An important part of flowering and boll forming stage

——artificial pollination

●●●●What is artificial pollination?

●●●● how to do it?

Artificial pollination

• Pollination time

• Preparation before Pollination

• Ways and means of emasculation

and pollination

• Pollination notice

• Inspection personnel requirements


1. Preparation before Pollination

Color

thread

sieve

Pollination

bottle

Cloth

bag

forceps

a. 50-60 employees needed per

hectare land. Reserve

fingernails 10days ahead

b. Preparation for pollination work

c. Before the date of pollination,

remove vegetative branches

and new redundant branches

and shoots of female plants;

Check and ensure removing all

the existing cotton bolls and

flowers in the morning of

emasculation.

d. The due pollination time is

tentatively scheduled around in

September 1st


2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination

b. Object of emasculation：：：：corolla of

rapid elongation of the female parent

a. Time of emasculation：：：：every 1:00 pm

to next 5:00 am

Bloomed female bud is forbidden for emasculation.


c. Emasculation：：：：insert forceps or

thumbnail into a crown base, remove

the corolla and anther around the ovary.

No anther left, no injury to the bract, ovary and stigma. All removed

anthers taken out of the field

2. Ways and means of emasculation and pollination


a. a. a. a. Pollen collection requirements：collect

anthers together with the corolla from male

plants’ flowers

4.Pollen collection

male

Sieve the pollen out and collect them into vials for pollination


4.Pollen collection

b. Issues for pollen preservation

If the next day may rain, fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance, and store

them in refrigerator at 10-15℃℃℃℃ .

Weather forecast Fetch male bud Cold store


4. pollination

Every sunny day, start

pollination after dew

dried, about 9:00 am

During rainy season, one end closed tube should

be used to protect the post-emasculated

stigma and to prevent

subsequent pollination failing from rain soaking。。。。

The next day, remove the bloomed buds and take

out of the field before

emasculation.

5. Pollination notice


（（（（NOTE: The pollens would lose activity if the pollens

of male parent blooming flowers were soaked by

rain, or pollinated pollens

on stigma met rainwater within 2 hours.

Therefore, we should pay attention to the weather: If

the next day may rain,

fetch the male plant ready-flowering buds in advance

(the night or next early morning), and store them

in refrigerator at 10-15℃℃℃℃.



Pollinate after the drew on the stigma dried


●●●●Remove all non-emasculated

flowers and self-pollinated

bolls on the female plants in

time, including those resulted

by consecutive rainy days

●●●●Cut off new branches after

the pollination period


Suffered by high temperature and dry weather, the pollen number of

male flowers will be lessened, spraying water or irrigating in time could

reduce temperature and increase the pollens.




6. The duty of the

inspection staff

5:00-7:00 AM check emasculating condition of the previous day,

examine by monitoring points.

7:00-9:00AM check and clear white

and red flowers and the quality of previous pollination, Remove red

and white flowers in time before

pollination to prevent self-crossed bolls.

Clearance standard: no white and red flowers exist in seed production

fields before hand-pollination

First, check whether the pollination is sufficient and uniform. (Observe the pollen on the stigma)


Second, check whether buds kept un-pollinated.

Check the quality of

pollination

6. The duty of the

inspection staff

19191919、检验人员工作要求、检验人员工作要求、检验人员工作要求、检验人员工作要求

Afternoon (15:30-18:30): Check the quality of emasculating and situation of removing self-crossed boll.


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6. The duty of the inspection staff

Female

Emasculation

Hand-pollinated

boll

Self-pollinated

boll

Bract

Hand-pollinated

Boll

Self-pollinated

Boll

First, whether the emasculation of the buds is perfect. Anther can not be

left. The removed corolla and stamens should be taken out of the field

and destroyed.

Second, whether the emasculation of the fields is thoroughly.

Emasculate all the buds which will bloom on the next day.

Check the quality of emasculation：：：：



●●●● Inspection staff must urge the workers to remove the self-pollinated

bolls all the time, and check before and after the work. 3-5 days after the

pollination and removing, inspection staff check and accept it. Rate of self-

pollinated bolls (include flowers and buds) in the seed field must be less

than 0.1%.


≤ 0.1%0.1%0.1%0.1%


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The pollination would be probably end on November 1st.

Remove male plants after completing the whole pollination work; cut away

the tops of female branches and spray water solution of DPC 80-120g per

hectare. Clear the later flowers and buds continuously for 10days.

12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

a.a.a.a.Harvest cotton every 7 days

after cotton boll opened.

b.b.b.b.Sundry the cotton, remove out

rotten and rigid pieces.Amassginning after cotton dry.

12.1Cotton harvest

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Ginning machine of more than 40 sheets of saw tooth ? are used

for cotton ginning. Ensure the seed broken rate is less than 2%,

percentage of healthy seeds is above 85% and germination is above

72%

12.2 Examination of cotton ginning

12. Cotton harvest and cotton ginning

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