huawei ldp over rsvp
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Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved ihttp://datacomm.huawei.com
Table of Contents
1 Preface........................................................................................................................1
2 Technology Introduction ..............................................................................................2
2.1 LDP Remote Session .............................................................................................2
2.2 LDP LSP .................................................................................................................2
2.3 RSVP TE ................................................................................................................2
2.4 IP over TE...............................................................................................................2
2.5 Overview.................................................................................................................3
2.6 Process of Establishing LSP ..................................................................................3
2.7 Data Forwarding Process .......................................................................................4
3 Typical Application ......................................................................................................5
4 Conclusion...................................................................................................................5
Appendix A Reference.......................................................................................................6
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations..........................................................................6
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 1http://datacomm.huawei.com
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Abstract: Due to the limit on the extension of resource reservation protocol (RSVP), in many
cases, RSVP can only be deployed in partial core network. Thus the LDP-based MPLS
VPN external tunnels cannot traverse the RSVP area of the core network. The
technology of LDP over RSVP well addresses the deployment of the VPN in core
network when the TE is employed.
Keywords: MPLS, LDP, RSVP, TE, Tunnel, LSP, and IP over TE
1 Preface
Traffic engineering (TE) is one important application in MPLS. The TE technology focuses
on optimizing the performance of the entire network and aims at bringing out efficient and
reliable network service, optimizing the utilization of network resource and network traffic.
The TE technology has two focuses: traffic and resource. From the prospect of traffic, it
aims at improving the service quality of the network. From the prospect of resource, it
emphasizes how to make the best of the resource, especially the bandwidth.
The MPLS is in an overlaying mode. It is easy to build a virtual topology over the physical
network topology and then mirror the traffic onto this virtual topology. Therefore, the
MPLS TE, which integrates MPLS and TE technologies, comes into being. The MPLS TE
technology is, building one or multiple, and even full-connected LSPs in the network to
schedule the network traffic thus achieving the balance of traffic in the network. In this
way, the network traffic is balanced by transferring traffic from heavily loaded links to the
links with less traffic. The MPLS TE has a sharp edge in addressing the network
congestion.
Currently, it seems very difficult to deploy the TE throughout the entire carrier network.
Therefore, the carrier can plan a core RSVP area and deploy TE in this area while
enabling LDP out of the area.
LDP over RSVP can be considered that the RSVP Tunnel, as a whole, is one "hop" of the
LDP LSP. At present, LDP is widely used in MPLS VPN. You can configure the attributes
of LDP over RSVP to prevent congestion of VPN traffic on certain nodes. That is to say,
have the LDP LSP traverse the RSVP TE area and then provide the VPN services.
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 2http://datacomm.huawei.com
2 Technology Overview
2.1 LDP Remote Session
The LDP session can be divided into Local Session and Remote Session. The Local
Session is used to handle the LSP message through two directly connected routers. The
Remote Session is, detected by sending target hello through LDP, the session that is
established between non-directly connected neighbors. Generally, when LSP traverses
one area, a piece of LSP message will be sent by Remote Session. For example, the
Martini in L2VPN is the VC LSP of L2VPN established by LDP Remote Session.
2.2 LDP LSP
LDP is the protocol based on which the LSP is built. At present, the LDP is widely used for
providing VPN service. The networking and configuration for LDP is easy. LDP can
provide routing topology to establish LSP and is capable of supporting large amount of
LSPs. LDP over RSVP employs LDP LSP which is established by LDP through Remote
Session. Its egress is the egress of tunnel.
2.3 RSVP TE
RSVP is a transmission protocol based on TCP/IP. Through RSVP, the host can apply for
specific QoS from the network, which is to provide assured data flow service to the
specific applications. By RSVP, the resources are reserved on each node where the data
flow passes. The resource remains reserved until it is released by the application.
RSVP-TE is the extension of RSVP. The RSVP-TE packets can carry parameters like
bandwidth, partially explicit route, color, and so on. Establish the LSP that meet these
constraint conditions through the constrained route calculation of TE, complete the link,
back up the nodes and balance the load.
2.4 IP over TE
IP over TE technology is that, after the TE tunnel is established, IGP (OSPF, ISIS, for
example) makes the egress of the route choose the TE tunnel. Then we can deem that,
this router and the destination router of the TE tunnel are connected through the tunnel
interface (logic interface). The packets are actually forwarded by being transparently
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 3http://datacomm.huawei.com
transmitted in TE tunnel. IP over TE technology can be realized into methods: one is IGP
Shortcut, realized by local calculation; the other is FA, which is realized by delivering LSA.
The IGP Shortcut is more widely used for its simple configuration and control.
3 Key Technologies
3.1 Overview
Establish the tunnel in RSVP TE area and enable the Remote Session of the LDP and the
IGP Shortcut. Take the tunnel interface of TE as the egress. Then LDP sends Label
Mapping message through Remote Session. The LSP is required and then its egress can
be taken as the tunnel interface. Therefore, the key points of LDP over RSVP technology
are RSVP TE, LDP Remote Session, IGP Shortcut, and the establishment of the LSP
through LDP Remote Session.
3.2 Process of Establishing LSP
As shown in the above figure, P1, P2, P3 are RSVP TE area enabling RSVP TE. PE1,
PE2 are the PE of VPN, enabling MBGP and VPN. LDP is enabled between PE1 and P1
and it is also enabled between P3 and PE2.
The flow is as follows: (take the LSP established from PE1 to PE2 as an example; the
FEC of LSP is FecPE2)
(1)Establish Tunnel0 of RSVP TE from P1 to P3. The label distributed to P2 from P3 is
Lr2, and the label distributed from P2 to P1 is Lr1.
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 4http://datacomm.huawei.com
(2)Establish LDP Remote Session between P1 and P3.
(3)Enable IGP Shortcut on P1. Ensure it can be seen that the egress of FecPE2 is
Tunnel0 on P1.
(4)FecPE2 triggers the establishment of LSP on PE2. The Label Mapping message is
sent to P3, and the label is L2.
(5)After P3 receives the Label Mapping message, it forwards that message to P1
through LDP Remote Session. The label is Lx.
(6)P1 receives the Label Mapping message, and finds out that the egress of the route is
Tunnel0. Then the LSP from PE1 to PE2 is transmitted in RSVP TE. The external
label is Lr1.
(7)P1 continues to send Label Mapping message to PE1, the label is L1.
(8)PE1 generates Ingress LSP(FecPE2).
(9)MBGP sends private network route of CE2 from PE2 to PE1, the label of private
network is Lb.
Then the establishment of LSP between PE1 and PE2 is complete. This LSP traverses
the RSVP TE area(P1~P3).
3.3 Data Forwarding Process
The forwarding process of packets is as follows:
1) After PE1 receives packets from CE1, it tags BGP label Lb of private network and
then it tags LDP label L1 of public network;
2) (Lb, L1)label of PE1 is received on P1, replace L1 with Lx(the label sent to P1
through LDP Remote session) and then tag tunnel label Lr1 of RSVP TE, the label of
the packet becomes (Lb, Lx, Lr1);
3) From P2 to P3, with the RSVP TE transparently transmitting packets, the Lr1 is
replaced by Lr2, that is, the packets received by P3 are tagged with the following
labels (Lb, Lx, Lr2);
4) Upon arriving P3, the Lr2 is first stripped and then comes out Lx, and the label of LDP
which is replaced by L2. The packet is then sent to PE2 and the label becomes (Lb,
L2);
5) After the packet reaches PE2, L2 is first stripped and then the Lb. After that, the
packet is sent to CE2.
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 5http://datacomm.huawei.com
The forwarding process of data packet from CE2 to CE1 is similar.
4 Typical Application
As shown in the above figure, it is MPLS VPN networking, the signaling protocol is LDP. It
provides ordinary VPN service. When the LDP over RSVP technology is applied, the LSP
of LDP can traverse RSVP and provide common VPN service.
5 Conclusion
As in reality the TE cannot be widely deployed in the network, the VPN traffic maybe
congested on certain node. In this case, TE technology can be used to schedule traffic
and then implement the LDP over RSVP technology to address the current problem of
deploying VPN when TE is deployed in the core network.
Technical White Paper for LDP over RSVP
Copyright ©2007 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved 6http://datacomm.huawei.com
Appendix A Reference
(1)RFC 3031,Multi - protocol Label Switching Architecture
(2)RFC 3036,LDP Specification
(3)RFC 3209,RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP for LSP Tunnels
(4)RFC 3906,Calculating Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) Routes Over Traffic Engineering
Tunnels
Appendix B Acronyms and Abbreviations
Abbreviation/Acronyms Full Spelling
MPLS Multi – Protocol Label Switching
LDP Label Distribution Protocol
RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol
TE Traffic Engineering
LSP Label Switched Path
FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
VPN Virtual Private Network