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SCHOOL OF RENEWABLE

ENERGY TECHNOLOGY

Green Technology

Presented by

Dr. Anan Pongtornkulpanich

Head of Solar Thermal Research UnitSchool of Renewable Energy Technology

(SERT)Naresuan University

The 7th CRISU-CUPT Conference “Challenges of ASEAN Higher Education in Globalized World”

Naresuan University

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22School of Renewable Energy Technology, Naresuan University

Outline

Defining Green Technology

Major Types of Green Technology

Green IndustryGreen BuildingGreen ITGreen Energy

Some Case Studies of Green TechnologiesGreen Industry

Green Building

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Defining Green Technology

Evolution, methods and materials used to amend and configure equipment to get better function or cleanness without problem

Target of development leads to the following benefits

Encouragement: meeting to create future society without damage and natural destruction

Design: source to source, use of matters appeared to be “Cycle of product” which can be also recycled

Data Reduction: reduce discarding and pollution with being recreated to be new product and consumption

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Defining Green Technology (Cont’d)

Innovation: development for technology

Capacity in living: creating an economic center to suit with technology and product to be proper with environment

Energy: recognizing information about green technology including the fuel development, meaning of generating energy and effect of energy usage

Environment: leading to search new product to reduce impact on environment

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Major types of Green Technology

Green Industry

Global Change Climate change

Resource Depletion increasingly viable technological for Renewable resources

Food Supply Agricultural methods & wastes

Toxic in the Environment design for reduced hazards

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Green Industry is about reducing

WasteWaste MaterialsMaterials HazardHazard RiskRisk EnergyEnergy CostCost

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Green Building

To reduce impact of building to environment and human health which green building yields friendly environment by1.Increasing energy and other resources efficiencies 2.Improving working environment to support performance both indoor and outdoor3.Reducing wastes and pollution which are released to environment 4.Use of electrical appliances for energy conservation 5.Selecting construction material with friendly environment

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Design of Green and Sustainable Building

-Followed as USA’s standard of “LEED” or Leadership in Energy and Environment design which was developed by U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC Committee)

- The following project checklists had to be examined:- Sustainable Sites (SS)- Water Efficiency (WE)- Energy & Atmosphere (EA)- Materials & Resources (MR)- Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)- Innovation & Design Process (ID)

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Project Checklists

LEEDLEED

Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)

17 itemsInnovation & Design Process

(ID)2 items

Material & Resources(MR)

14 items

Sustainable Sites(SS)

15 items Water Efficiency(WE)

5 items

Energy & Atmosphere(EA)

9 items

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand- consisting of 6 main points as follows:

1.Construction site: no impact on ecosystem and encouragement for use of mass transportation2.Energy Efficiency: concerning use of highly efficient energy and considering utilization of renewable energy, configuring engineering system and non-CFC refrigerant usage3.Water Efficiency: considering use of water quantity which is lower than standard usage4.Construction material: selecting material which is friendly environment, use of recycled and locally available material to reduce fuel consumption for transportation

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Cont’d)

5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness

6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system

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Rule of evaluating Green Building in Thailand(Cont’d)

5. Indoor Environment Building: considering good air quality without gas, smell or dust, selecting decorated/furnished material without releasing volatile matter and having properly indoor temperature, humidity, clearness

6. Innovation: applying innovative construction product or modern construction engineering system

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Green IT

Reasons for the Need of Green IT are• Increasing Energy Efficiencies to reduce

operational costs• Compliance with the regulatory bodies and

reducing the carbon footprints• Increasing the efficiency of computing resources so

as to reduce the environmental impact of IT utilization

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Green IT

Ways to Implement

• Unutilized and underutilized resources to be decommissioned

• If possible using a single power efficient server• Power management: Automation of shutdown and

power on processes• Upgradation to power efficient hardware

Advantages• Reduces greatly the operational costs• Put forward a noble image in front of client and

other stakeholders

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Green Energy

Reasons for the Need of Green Energy are• Natural Resources used in energy generation

process• Increasing pollution caused by the non renewable

sources

Ways to implement • Setting up power plants using renewable energy

sources: Solar Thermal/PV/Biomass• Increased government spending on sustainable

sources of energy• Infrastructure and manpower development

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Green Energy

Advantages• Cleaner and healthier environment• Unlimited resources and potential to be utilized

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Green Energy

In Thailand, 5 Energy Policies were provided by Thai Government as follows:• Enhancing energy-related industries & business to be

next generation value-creator• Securing country’s energy supply • Pricing energy right• Up-scaling Renewable Energy mix to 25% in 10 years• Target Energy Intensity Reduction by 25% (based on

2010 level) within 20 years

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Green EnergyFrom National Policy of Renewable Energy, latest versionof Thailand’s master plan on renewable energy (Alternative Energy Development Plan, AEDP 25% within 10 years) was developed by Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, DEDE, Ministry of Energy

asshown in the next slide

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Green Energy19


Many human activities cause to generate the increase of CO2 in the world carbon cycle

Deforestation and burning forest cause to release CO2

Forest is the source to absorb and release CO2

- Economy development- Production- Industrial process- Transportationare reasons to generate CO2

20Some Case Studies of Green Technologies


WaterEnergy(Electricity, oil)Raw material

Process in Industry

Waste water Solid waste Danger/Risk

Product

Sound

Exhaust gas

Production process

odor

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Current Problem of Energy System

Human utilizes energy which leads to problem of global warming

How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere?How do we reduce CO2 emission to atmosphere?

Reduce or ignore the use of fuel oil having composition of Carbon (Oil, Coal and Natural gas)

Reduce energy usage and increase energy efficiency

Renewable energy (Solar, hydro, biomass, wind etc.)

Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to atmosphere such as

Technologies are utilized to reduce CO2 emitted to atmosphere such as

Increasing energy efficiency (EE)

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Resemblance of Green Technology (Industry) and Clean Technology

Cleaner Production Cleaner Production

Pollution Prevention Pollution Prevention

Waste Minimization Waste Minimization

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That is :


Benefits obtained from using concept of Green Industry to manage for various industries

Economic Benefit Economic Benefit

Obtain profit (Baht/year) from calculation Create image of organization ISO 14001 / Green Label / LCA / EcoDesign

Environmental Benefit Environmental Benefit

Obtain decreased quantities of resources and waste (Unit/year) from calculation

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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry

Find source of waste Find source of waste

Create diagram of production process (“When substances enter the process, product and any wastes will be produced”)

considering from 5 factors: raw material, technology, managementproduct and waste

Analyze the cause

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Procedures of use of Green Industry to manage for Industry

considering source of 5 causes as: 1. change/improve raw material 2. change/improve technology or equipment 3. use suitable production method and management 4. change/improve the product 5. reuse and recycle

Find the effective ways to defend and solve

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Concept of Green Industry

Concept Reduce contamination at source Efficient management of sourceCharacteristic of this Technology Solve at the origin Reduce cost of waste Treatment Correspond to market need

Reduction at source

Recycle

Treatment Method

Releasing

Green T

Gov. Policy

SavingsPayback

CostReduction

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Steps of applying with Green Industry

Plan and Set organization Preliminary evaluation

Exquisite evaluationFeasibility study

Start to do Follow to evaluate results

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Steps of Plan and Set Organization

Encourage from executive of industrial company

Set target to be effective ways of Green Industry

Set working group to manage the Green Project

Brainstorm to find ways to fix problem and obstacle

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Objectives

1.To focus area of loss and issue of environment problem2.To select interest issue for examining with exquisite evaluation

Preliminary evaluation30


Steps of Preliminary evaluation

Determine inflow-outflow mass in process

Create diagram of production process

Select problem issue

Collect and review data from document

Gather data from survey

Create diagram of production process

- General data of company and product- Use of raw material and waste

- Examine correctness of production process- Focus area having loss - Investigate real working condition

- Roughly evaluate quantity of raw material, energy and waste in each line of process

- Consider 3 points:Possibility of technique, economic and environment

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Steps of this evaluation:

Exquisite evaluation

Find mass balance for inflow and outflow substances

Find cause of any losses in process

Propose alternative of Green Industry

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Steps of this study:

Feasibility Study

Evaluate possibility of technique, economic and environment

Select the effectively possible option

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Possibility of technique can be calculated from

Possibility of Technique (%) = Average Index - Best Index

Best Index× 100

Average Index = Monthly quantity of resource and waste

Monthly quantity of product

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Possibility of economic can be calculated from

Possibility = (Average Index - Best Index)

× Average production capacity

× Capital cost per unit

Possibility of Economic (%) = Possibility

Sum of Possibilities × 100

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Impact on Environment can be considered in 3 points

Quantity (Q)

Effect (E)

Diffusivity (D)

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Steps of this study:

Practice and Follow to evaluate results

Contact and coordinate with focused department

Set duration period for real practice

Concentrate the results of the following parameters

Quantity of resource used Quantity of waste and pollution Quantity of changed benefit

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Case Study I

The School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT)

works together with Department of Industrial Promotion

in project of Green Industry for several industries in Thailand.

MPE Industry Co., Ltd

General Information

Major Product Shockproof plastic sheet (Air bubble, PE Foam)Production Capacity Air Bubble ~ 120,000 rolls/year

PE Foam ~ 150,000 rolls/yearReal Production Cap. ~ 75% of Total capacityMajor raw material Plastic pellet (Type: LDPE)Minor raw material Butane , Talcom

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Production process of XPE Foam, IXPE Foam

Preparation of raw material

Set Machine

Raw material passes quality standardRoll raw material and butane gas prepared

Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 1 hr.

Produce

Yes

No

Check quality: weight, width, thickness, colorsurface

Store productKeep product (stock) in warehouseTake to transformTake to sell

Dispose ofwaste from production

Distribute product to customer

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Transformation process of XPE Foam, IXPE FoamPE-Foam, Air bubble

Preparation of raw material

Set Machine

Check raw material before transformationGive plan to transform

Time used to run machine before starting process ~ 10-20 min. for laminatedmachine and ~ 10 min for cutter machine

Transform

Yes

NoCheck quality: weight, width, thickness, colorsurfaceWith passing through cutting, seal, increase thickness (Laminated), we get sheet, envelopethermal insulator

Store product Keep product (stock) in warehouse

Taking waste to recycle

Distribute product to customer

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Data of Energy used

No. of transformer 2Size of transformer (1) 1,000 kVAVoltage (1) 22-33 kVSize of transformer (2) 800 kVAVoltage (2) 22-33 kVMeter number 1832406Annual total electricity consumption 1,504,400 kWh/yearAnnual thermal energy used 5,415,840 MJ/yearAverage monthly electricity consumption 125,366.66 kWh/m

Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 800 kVA

Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 405.5 and 407.8 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,

as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.

Size of Transformer : 800 kVATab is set at no. 3

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA

Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 800 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure

voltage which is equal to be 393.8 V, as shown in Figure.

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Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

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Results of adjustment

Electrical energy savings 936.60 kWh/year 3,371.6 MJ/year

Cost of savings 2,922.20 Baht/yearInvestment cost - BahtPayback period - Year

Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V. for size of transformer of 1000 kVA

Problem: At present, voltage of transformer is set between 407.3 and 409.6 V. at Tab no.3 which is excessively for this factory,

as shown in Figure. This results in useless energy loss.

Size of Transformer : 1000 kVA Tab is set at no. 3

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Plan to adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 for size of transformer of 800 kVA

Solve: Adjust voltage of transformer between 380 and 395 V for size of transformer of 1000 kVA at Tab no.1 and measure

voltage which is equal to be 391.4 V, as shown in Figure.

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Voltage measured is between the adjusted value Tab is set at no. 1

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Electrical energy savings 1,345.85 kWh/year 4,845.06 MJ/year


Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85

Problem: At present, use of electricity in factory is excessively without suitable setting of power factor (Power factor is set at 0.68) at position O (OFF) which this results in useless energy loss and generating unnecessary cost, as shown in Figure.

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Switch is set at O (OFF) Power factor is set at 0.68 < 0.85

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Power factor set in factory should be over 0.85

Solve: Adjust a suitable setting of power factor at 0.97 (>0.85) at position A (Auto) which the measured value is given as shown in Figure.

Switch is set at A (Auto) Power factor is set at 0.97 (> 0.85)

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Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC than environment temperature

Problem: At present, air compressor is located at outdoor place which average environment temperature is measured at 45.9 oC This result is that the higher outdoor temperature, the more energy consumption of air compressor, as shown in Figure.

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air temperature entering air compressor should not be higher 3oC than environment temperature

Solve: Installing sunroof for air compressor which this results in environment temperature around compressor reduced to be 34oC and yielding higher energy savings, as shown in Figure

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Items Value

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set over 6 bar

Problem: At present, air pressure is set more than 6 bar (8 bar) and electrical motor capacity is 11.19 kW which is over in reality. and compressor is placed far away from working point without maintenance, as shown in Figure

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Evaluation to Energy Savings Air pressure from compressor for the process should not be set over 6 bar

Solve: Air pressure is set to be 5 bar and installed with air accumulator and adjust pressure component

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Items Value

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MonthElectrical Energy

(kWh)

Quantity of foam used to produce bubble

(kg.)

Quantity of pellet to produce foam

(kg.)

Jan -. 2008 95980 63000 72000

Feb -. 2008 103380 67000 101000

Mar -. 2008 102480 52000 99950

Apr -. 2008 88440 32000 90000

May -. 2008 91440 56000 83000

June-2008 102240 57900 93000

July-2008 92420 73975 50975

Aug-2008 88180 51000 75800

Sept-2008 97960 54975 75975

Oct-2008 90360 43000 88250

Regression Analysis Regression equation is determined to find correlation among electrical energy, quantity of foam used to produce bubble and quantity of pellet to produce foam which corresponds to table below

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The regression equation will be obtained from regression analysis as

Electricity energy (kWh) = 50892 + 0.374 QB+ 0.266QF

whereQB = Quantity of foam to produce bubble, kgQF = Quantity of pellet to produce foam, kg

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Conclusion of potential of Energy Conservation

Items ValueCost of energy savings 127,541.95 MJ/yearQuantity of energy consumed 2,146,222.8 MJ/yearPercentage of energy reduced 5.94% or 158,364.99 B/year Payback period (PP) 0.001 year

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Case Study II SK Interfood Co., Ltd

General Information: Slicing Pig to various components

Items Quantity Unit Cost Unit

Raw material 3,570.9 Ton/y 185,686,800 B/yWater 46,343 m3/y 0 B/yElectricity 810,933 kWh/y 2,623,157 B/yFuel 33,715 kg/y 590,010 B/yWaste 30.7 Ton/m

Average quantity of components of pig produced 266 Ton/month

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Preliminary evaluationData for resource used and waste generated in 2010

Items UnitTotal

(Unit/year)Avg/month

Product Ton 3,191.0 266

Pig Ton 3,570.9 297.6

Electricity KWh 810,933 67,578

LPG Kg 33,715 2,810

Water m3 46,343 3,862

Waste Ton 368.4 31

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Items Unit Avg Index Best Index

Pig Ton/Ton of product 1.119 1.113

Electricity kWh/Ton of product 255.66 217.25

LPG kg/Ton of product 11.10 8.69

Water m3/Ton of product 14.526 14.506

Waste Ton/Ton of product 0.1157 0.0908

Data of Index for resource used and waste generated in 2010

Average Index = Quantity of resource or waste in each month

Quantity of product in each month

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Items UnitAvg

IndexBest

Index

Avg Index – BestIndex Best Index

Technical Possibility

(%)Score

Pig Ton/Ton of product 1.119 1.113 0.0054 0.539 1

Electricity

kWh/Ton of product

255.66

217.25 0.1768 17.680 2

LPG kg/Ton of product 11.1 8.69 0.2773 27.733 3

Water m3/Ton of product

14.526

14.506 0.0014 0.138 1

Waste Ton/Ton of product

0.1157

0.0908 0.2742 27.423 3

Results for Technical evaluation63


Results for Economic evaluation

ItemsCost

(B/Unit)(1)

Avg Index

(2)

Best Index

(3)

(4)=(2)-(3)

I (B/Month)(5)=(4)(1)(capacity)

F %F Score

Pig 52,000 1.119 1.113 0.006 82,992 0.6523 65.233 3

Electricity 3.23 255.66 217.25 38.41 33,001.10 0.2594 25.939 2

LPG 17.5 11.1 8.69 2.41 11,218.55 0.0882 8.818 1

Water - 14.526 14.506 0.02 5.324.1816E

-050.0042 1

Waste - 0.1157 0.0908 0.0249 6.62345.21E-

050.0052 1

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Items Unit Quantity/month Q E D Q × E × D Score

Pig Ton 266 3 1 1 3 1

Electricity KWh 297.6 3 2 2 12 3

LPG kg 67,578 2 2 3 12 3

Water m3 2,810 3 2 2 12 3

Waste Ton 3,862 2 2 2 8 2

Criteria to evaluate environment: EV = (Q) x (E) x (D)

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Ranking the importance among Technical, Economic and Environment Problems

Items

Technique Economic EnvironmentTotal

(1)*(2)+(3)*(4)+(5)*(6)

Sequence no.

Score(1)

A(2)

คะแนน(3)

B(4)

คะแนน

(5)

C(6)

Pig 1 3 3 3 1 2 14 3

Electricity 2 3 2 3 3 2 18 1

LPG 3 3 1 3 3 2 18 1

Water 1 3 1 3 3 2 12 4

Waste 3 3 1 3 2 2 16 2

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Results of Preliminary evaluation

Electricity and LPG usage are the most impact on production process

LPG usage yields technical possibility Reduction of loss of raw material yields high technical

and economic possibilities. Water usage has the high impact on environment

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Exquisite evaluation

Mass balance in each steps of process is performedStep1: Boiling and cleaning pigsCause: 1. Loss of water quantity while waiting for various components of pig

2. In case of high production capacity (~120 pigs), water pressure in cleaning is not sufficient resulting in no water used and other steps being stopped.

Method to reduce loss1. Install injector at the end of hose

2. Install water pump to increase water pressure3. Control water pressure in water reservoir more than 0.5

bar by adjusting pressure difference of water generating system to high generate water

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Step2: Freezing any components of pig

Cause: Components of pig before delivering to freezing room have high humidity. Freezing room have to reduce water temperature which results in excessively used electricity

Method to reduce lossDrain water away from freezing room

Step3: Cutting any components of pigCause: 1. Some components of pig fall on area of slice machine

2. Water tap used for cleaning hand has oversize resulting in loss of waterMethod to reduce loss

Install panels to prevent falling of pig’s components

Install water distributors to increase water volume for cleaninghand

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Step5: Cooling Tower

Cause: - Efficiency of cooling tower is decreased due to dregs and moss generated

Method to reduce loss

- Cleaning cooling pack

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Feasibility of method to reduce loss in the factory 71


Results of applying Green Industry for Industry 72


Case Study III Green Buildings

School of Renewable Energy Technology (SERT) has missions to research and development of renewable energy including energy conservation which relates to Green Building.

Naresuan University (NU) has been assigned SERT to take responsibilities to set model scheme of Green Building for all buildings around NU area.

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Defining Green Building

has friendly environmental construction process without impact on ecosystem gives energy savings has suitable air, humidity, and lighting qualities use low-energy construction or recycled material apply modern and innovative technologies to building

7 Criterions to evaluate Green Building

Management to be Green Building - emphasizing intention to be Green Office Building (Total score = 5)Remark :These Criterions is based on “Department of Pollution Control”

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Region Plan and Landscape Architecture - emphasizing evaluation of region plan and landscape architecture (Total score = 7)

Water Usage - emphasizing evaluation of water usage (Total score = 6)

Energy - emphasizing evaluation of energy management, assigning personnel to take responsibility for energy conservation, quantity of energy used and air conditioner (Total score = 14)

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Indoor Environment Condition - emphasizing evaluation of illumination in low stage,Indoor air quality, preventing cigar smoke in building area, sound level, building security, and use of low pollution materials (Total score = 4)

Preventing impact on environment from outdoor - emphasizing evaluation of air pollution, waste water, dangerous waste, heat and reduction of reflecting light (Total score = 12)

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Innovation - emphasizing evaluation of developing energy conservation and indoor and outdoor environment of building (Total score = 3)

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Table 1 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office of NU President

Remark ST = Short time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2012 and 2013 MT = Medium time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2014 and 2015 LT = Long time corresponding to model scheme and expected score will be obtained within 2016

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Table 2 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office Building of Library


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Table 3 Conclusion of evaluating environmental management for Office of NU indoor Stadium


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Previous 3 Case studies of managing buildings to be green building is set to be model scheme to obtain complete Green Building between 2013-2016.

For the rest of buildings around NU area, We (SERT) are ongoing to manage them to be green building soon such as student dormitories and various Faculties.

We try to use renewable energy technology applying to Green Building for NU Green Building Project and hope to collaborate in research between Thai and Indonesia in theme of “Energy Efficiency” in the near future

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Thank you for your kind attention

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