1

TCP/IP introduction

ผศ.ดร. อนั�นัต์ ผลเพิ่ �มAnan Phonphoem, Ph.D.

anan@cpe.ku.ac.th

http://www.cpe.ku.ac.th/~anan

Computer Engineering Department

Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand

2

Outline TCP/IP Overview IP Address Subnet Design

3

An Internet according to TCP/IP

4

OSI Model and TCP/IP7 Application

6 Presentation

5 Session

4 Transport

3 Network

2 Data Link

1 Physical

Applications

TCP/ UDP

IP

Physical

Data Link (Network)

(Transport)

(Internet)

5

TCP/IP Layering Concept

Transmission

Network Interface

NetworkApplication

Applications

End-to-endServices

Transport

RoutingInternet

Physical

Network

6

TCP/IP Encapsulation

Applications

TCP/ UDP

IP

Physical

Data Link

Message

User Datagram (segment)

Datagram

Frame

Bits

7

Data Flow

Hello

1001101001011101011

H Hello

Applications

TCP/ UDP

IP

Physical

Data Link

H HelloH

2 TH HelloH

8

UDP Datagram format

9

TCP segment format

10

IP Datagram

11

Ethernet Frame

Destination

Physical Address

(First 6-byte)

Type

2 Bytes

Ethernet Header

00 A0 24 A6 F6 44 00 A0 24 A6 F6 59 08 00

Source

Physical Address

(Second 6-byte)

DataIP

Header

TCP

Header

CRC4 bytes

12

Internet

13

Data Flow over the Internet

Source DestinationRouter Router

Application

TCP/IP

IP

Data Link

Physical

Application

TCP/IP

IP

Data Link

Physical

IP

Data Link

Physical

IP

Data Link

Physical

14

IP Datagram

15

Internet Address

16

Internet Classes

Classful Addressing

17

Internet Classes

Class AClass C

DE

Class B

18

IP address in decimal notation

19

Class ranges of Internet Address

20

Class A example

21

Class C example

22

Network Address

23

Sample internet

Network and Host addresses

24

A Network with Two Levels of Hierarchy

25

A Network with Three Levels of Hierarchy

26

Addresses with and without Subnetting

27

Masking

28

Default Mask

Class

In BinaryIn Dotted-Decimal

Using Slash

A 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 255.0.0.0 /8

B 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 255.255.0.0 /16

C 11111111 111111111 11111111 00000000255.255.255

.0/24

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Subnet Design Given a network 194.30.12.0 with

16 hosts in each subnetwork Find the following:

The number of subnetworks Sub-network ID / Broadcast Address Sub-netmask First/Last address that can be used

for each subnet

30

Subnet Design

Last Byte(Host ID)

192.30.12.0Class C IP address

16 Hosts 24 =16 is not enough (subnetID and broadcast) 25 = 32 total of 30 hosts 5 bits for Host and 3 bits for subnet

HostSubnet

31

Subnet Design

255 255 255. . .1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0

Subnet Mask

00000000 = 000100000 = 3201000000 = 6401100000 = 9610000000 = 12810100000 = 16011000000 = 19211100000 = 224

Subnet Host

255 255 255. . . 224

Subnet ID 194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .194 30 12. . .

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Subnet DesignSubne

tSubnet ID 1st Add Last Add Broadcast

0 192.30.12.0 192.30.12.1 192.30.12.30

192.30.12.31

1 192.30.12.32

192.30.12.33

192.30.12.62

192.30.12.63

2 192.30.12.64

192.30.12.65

192.30.12.94

192.30.12.95

3 192.30.12.96

192.30.12.97

192.30.12.126

192.30.12.127

4 192.30.12.128

192.30.12.129

192.30.12.158

192.30.12.159

5 192.30.12.160

192.30.12.161

192.30.12.190

192.30.12.191

6 192.30.12.192

192.30.12.193

192.30.12.222

192.30.12.223

7 192.30.12.224

192.30.12.225

192.30.12.254

192.30.12.255