AP World History Midterm Review Guide

In this guide you will find a graphic organizer of all the key concepts of AP World History. Your midterm will cover 10,000 BCE to 1900 CE. Use your textbook, notes from this year and last year any other resources to help you study. I am available activity period for extra help. Please note that I have the right to test you on any information and this study guide is exactly this, a study guide. Please keep this guide for the AP as well. *In addition, please use the study guides I have given you for your unit exams.*

Test Format:Multiple Choice

SAQ (Know how to ACE it!)LEQ (see outline on last page)

Key Concept 1.1 Big Geography and the Peopling of the EarthThe term “Big Geography” draws attention to the global nature of world history. Throughout the Paleolithic period, humans migrated from Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas. Early humans were mobile and creative in adapting to different geographical settings from savannah to desert to Ice Age tundra.

By analogy with modern hunter/forager societies, anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian. Humans also developed varied and sophisticated technologies

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Paleolithic Era

Where did humans first appear on Earth, and what were the characteristics of their society, technology, economy, and culture?

Archeological evidence indicates that during the Paleolithic Era, hunting-

foraging bands of humans gradually migrated from their origin in East Africa to Eurasia,

Australia and the Americas, adapting their technology and cultures to new climate regions

Describe earliest humans’ technology & tools

Humans developed increasingly diverse and

sophisticated tools—including multiple uses of fire—as the adapted to new environments.

How did the earliest humans’ society help them procure enough supplies to survive?

People lived in small groups that structured social,

economic, and political activity. These bands exchanged

people, ideas, and goods.

Key Concept 1.2 The Neolithic Revolution and Early Agricultural Societies

In response to warming climates at the end of the last Ice Age from about 10,000 years ago, some groups adapted to the environment in new ways while others remained hunter/foragers. Settled agriculture appeared in several different parts of the world. The switch to agriculture created a more reliable, but not

necessarily more diversified, food supply. Agriculturalists also had a massive impact on the environment, through intensive cultivation of selected plants to the exclusion of others, through the construction of irrigation systems and through the use of domesticated animals for food and for labor. Populations increased;

family groups gave way to village and later urban life with all its complexity. Patriarchy and forced labor systems developed giving elite men concentrated power over most of the other people in their societies.

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Neolithic Era

How did the Neolithic Rev. affect human societies economically & socially?

Beginning about 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution

led to the development of new and more complex economic

and social systems.

Why did the Neolithic Revolution start (at all)?

Where did the Neolithic Revolution first transform human populations? (Plural answer)

Possibly as a response to climatic change,

permanent agricultural villages emerged

What effects did pastoral- ism & agriculture have on the food supply?

What technological innovations are associated with the growth of agriculture?What were the social effects of the increased food supply caused by increase of agriculture?

Agriculture led to more reliable and abundant food supplies,

which increased the population and led to specialization of

labor, including new classes of artisans and warriors, and the

development of elites.

Technological innovations led to improvements in

agricultural production, trade, and transportation.

Patriarchal forms of social organization developed in both

pastoralist and agrarian societies.

Key Concept 1.3 The Development and Interactions of Early Agricultural, Pastoral, and Urban SocietiesAs populations grew, competition for surplus resources, especially food, led to greater social stratification, specialization of labor, increased

trade, more complex systems of government and religion, and the development of record keeping. As civilizations expanded, they had to balance their need for more resources with environmental constraints such as the danger of undermining soil fertility. Finally, the accumulation of wealth in settled communities spurred warfare between communities and/or with pastoral-ists; this violence drove the development of new technologies

of war and urban defense.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the River Valley Civilizations

Where did the earliest civilizations develop, and why did they develop in those locations?

Core and foundational civilizations developed in a variety of geographical and

environmental settings where agriculture flourished

Label on the Map: Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River valleys

Egypt in the Nile River valleyMohenjo-Daro and Harappa in the Indus River valleyThe Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He

valley

What architectural forms did early civilizations produce?

Early civilizations developed monumental architecture and urban

planning

What forms of writing developed in ancient civilizations?

Systems of record keeping arose independently in all early civilizations and subsequently

were diffusedWhat was the relationship between

literature and culture in ancient societies?

.

States developed legal codes, that reflected existing

hierarchies and facilitated the rule of governments over

people

What pre-600 BCE religions strongly influenced later eras?

New religious beliefs that developed in this period

continued to have strong influences in later periods.

Where and how “big” were the pre- 600 BCE trading regions?

Trade expanded from local to regional to interregional with

civilizations exchanging goods, cultural ideas, and technology.

Key Concept 2.1 The Development and Codification of Religious and Cultural TraditionsAs states and empires increased in size and contacts between regions multiplied, religious and cultural systems were transformed. Religions and

belief systems provided a bond among the people and an ethical code to live by. These shared beliefs also influenced and reinforced political, economic and occupational stratification. Religious and political authority often merged as rulers, some considered divine, used religion, along with

military and legal structures, to justify their rule and ensure its continuation. Religions and belief systems could also generate conflict, partly because beliefs and practices varied greatly within and among societies.

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for Belief Systems

What are the characteristics and core

teachings of Hinduism(s)?

The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic religions—often known as Hinduism.

What are the characteristics and core teachings of Buddhism?

How and where did Buddhism spread by 600 CE?

The core beliefs preached by the historic Buddha

were, in part, a reaction to the Vedic beliefs and

rituals dominant in South Asia. Buddhism changed

over time as it spread

What are the characteristics and core teachings of Confucianism?

Confucianism’s core beliefs and writings originated in the writings and lessons of

Confucius

What are the characteristics and core

teachings of Daoism?

In the major Daoist writings (such as the

Daodejing), the core belief of balance between humans and nature

assumed that the Chinese political system would be

altered indirectly.

What are the characteristics and core teachings of

Christianity?

How and where did Christianity spread

by 600 CE?

The core beliefs preached by Jesus,

and later recorded by his disciples, drew on the basic monotheism

of Judaism, and initially rejected

Roman and Hellenistic influences

What are the main characteristics of Greco-Roman philosophy and

science?

The core ideas in Greco-Roman philosophy and

science emphasized logic, empirical

observation and the nature of political

power and hierarchy.

How did religion influence art & architecture?

Art and architecture reflected the values of

religions and belief systems

Key Concept 2.2 The Development of States and EmpiresAs the early states and empires grew in number, size and population, they frequently competed for resources and came into conflict with one another. In quest of land, wealth, and security, some empires expanded dramatically. In doing so, they built powerful military machines and administrative institutions that were

capable of organizing human activities over long distances, and they created new groups of military and political elites to manage their affairs. As these empires expanded their boundaries, they also faced the need to develop policies and procedures to govern their relations with ethnically and culturally diverse

populations: sometimes to integrate them within an imperial society and sometimes to exclude them. In some cases, these empires became victims of their own successes. By expanding boundaries too far, they created political, cultural and administrative difficulties that they could not manage. They also experienced

environmental, social and economic problems when they over-exploited their lands and subjects and permitted excessive wealth to concentrate in the hands of privileged classes.

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for Classical Empires

What is an “empire,” and what were empires’

common characteristics during the Classical Era?

As the early states and empires grew in number, size and population, they frequently competed for resources and came into conflict with one another

Label the following classical empires:

Greece, Rome, Han, Persia, Maurya, Gupta,

What techniques did Classical empires create to administer their territories?

Empires and states developed new techniques of imperial administration

based, in part, on the success of earlier political

forms.

What new political methods were created in order to rule the larger empires in the Classical

Era?

In order to organize their subjects the rulers created administrative institutions

including centralized governments, elaborate

legal systems, and bureaucracies.

How did imperial governments let their

population know that the government was “in

charge?”

Imperial governments projected military power over larger areas using a

variety of techniques including: diplomacy;

developing supply lines; building fortifications,

defensive walls, and roads; and drawing new groups of military officers and soldiers from the local populations

or conquered peoples.

What unique social and economic characteristics

existed in empires?

Unique social and economic dimensions developed in imperial societies in Afro-Eurasia and the Americas.

What function did imperial cities perform?

Imperial cities served as centers of trade, public

performance of religious rituals, and political

administration for states and empires

What social classes and occupations were common

in empires?

The social structures of all empires displayed

hierarchies that included cultivators, laborers, slaves, artisans, merchants, elites

or caste groups.

What labor systems provided the workers for

Classical Empires?

Imperial societies relied on a range of methods to

maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elites including corvée, slavery,

rents and tributes, peasant communities and family

and household production.

What caused Classical Empires to decline,

collapse, or transform into something else?

The Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta

empires created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could

not manage, which eventually led to their decline, collapse and transformation into

successor empires or states.

Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Trans-Regional Networks of Communication and ExchangeThe large empires that emerged in the Classical Age created massive amounts of goods and became markets for imports. Several prominent trade

systems developed that linked the empires together in a complex network of exchange that greatly exceeded that of the foundational and River Valley civilizations. Luxury goods and raw materials traveled in caravans and on boats to distant markets. Traveling with them were belief systems,

ideas, technology, culture and diseases. Globally, these trans-regional networks were limited to Eurasia and Africa in this time period. Trade networks that developed in Oceania and the Americas remained localized for the time being.

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for Trade Networks

How did trade & communication networks

develop by 600 CE?

Land and water routes became the basis for trans-

regional trade, communication and

exchange networks in the Eastern Hemisphere, while somewhat later separate networks connected the

peoples and societies of the Americas

Locate and Label the following trade networks: Mediterranean Sea Lanes, Silk Roads, Trans-Saharan Trade, Indian Ocean Sea Lanes

What crops spread along Classical Era trade

networks?

The spread of crops, including rice and cotton from South Asia to the

Middle East, encouraged changes in farming and irrigation techniques.

What technologies enabled long-distance overland and maritime

trade?

New technologies permitted the use of domesticated

pack animals to transport goods across longer routes.

Innovations in maritime technologies as well as

advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds stimulated exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to

East Asia

Besides the physical goods, what intangibles also traveled along trade

networks?

Alongside the trade in goods, exchanges of people,

technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals and

disease pathogens developed across far-flung

networks of communication and exchange.

What effects did diseases have on Classical

empires?

The spread of disease pathogens diminished urban populations and contributed

to the decline of some empires

What function did imperial cities perform?

Imperial cities served as centers of trade, public

performance of religious rituals, and political

administration for states and empires

What was the relationship between trade networks and

religions?

Religious and cultural traditions were transformed

as they spread.

Key Concept 3.1 Expansion and Intensification of Trade

Though Afro-Eurasia and the Americas remained separate from each other, this era witnessed a deepening and widening of old and new net- \works of human interaction within and across regions. The results were unprecedented concentrations of wealth and the intensification of cross- cultural exchanges. Innovations in transportation, state policies and mercantile practices contributed to the expansion and development of commercial networks, which in turn served as conduits for

cultural, technological, and biological diffusion within and between various societies. Pastoral or nomadic groups played a key role in creating and sustaining these networks. Expanding networks fostered greater inter- regional borrowing while at the same time sustaining regional diversity. Significantly, Islam, a major religion,

emerged at the start of this period and spread quickly through practices of trade, warfare, and diffusion characteristic of this period.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Trade Routes

What Classical era trade networks continued during the post-classical era, and which new cities were added during the post- Classical era?

Existing trade routes including the Silk Roads, the

Mediterranean Sea, the trans-Saharan and the

Indian Ocean basins flourished and promoted the

growth of powerful new trading cities

What new technologies enabled the growth of interregional trade networks?

The growth of interregional trade in luxury goods was encouraged by significant innovations in previously-

existing transportation and commercial technologies,

including the and new forms of credit and monetization.

What factors encouragedcommercial growth in the post-classical era?

Commercial growth was also facilitated by state

practices, including the Incaroad system, trading

organizations, including the Hanseatic League, and

state-sponsored commercial infrastructures includingthe Grand Canal in China

How did the expansion of empires & trade networks affect the relationship between peoples inside vs. outside those “zones?”

The expansion of existing empires facilitated trans-

Eurasian trade and communication as new

peoples were drawn into their conquerors’ economies

and trade networks.

What were the linguistic effects of migration in the post-classical era?

Some migrations and commercial contacts led to the diffusion of languages

throughout a new region or the emergence of new

languages.

Why and where did Muslim trade networks change in the post-classical era?

Islam developed in the Arabian peninsula from the interactions among

Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians with the

local peoples and expanded to many parts

of Afro-Eurasia due to military expansion and

the activities of merchants and missionaries.

What institutions did merchants create to foster both trade and cultural diffusion in the post-classical era?

In key places along important trade routes,

merchants set up diaspora communities where they introduced

their own cultural traditions into the indigenous culture

How did post-classical trade affect the diffusion of literary, artistic, cultural, scientific and technological traditions?

Increased cross-cultural interactions resulted in the diffusion of literary,

artistic, and cultural tradition as well as

scientific and technological traditions

Key Concept 3.2 State Forms and Innovations

State formation in this era demonstrated remarkable continuity, innovation and diversity in various regions. In Afro-Eurasia some states attempted, with differing degrees of success, to preserve or revive imperial structures, while smaller, less-centralized states continued to develop.

The expansion of Islam introduced a new concept—the caliphate—to Afro-Eurasian statecraft. Pastoral peoples in Eurasia built powerful and distinctive empires that integrated people and institutions from both the pastoral and agrarian worlds. In the Americas, powerful states developed

in both Mesoamerica and the Andean regionFocus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for Post-Classical Empires

What new forms of governance emerged in the post- classical era?

In some places, new forms of governance

emerged, including those developed in various

Islamic states

What technological and cultural exchanges did states encourage in the post-classical era

Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers

Why and how did some gender roles and family structures change in the post-classical era?

The diffusion of, Islam often led to significant changes in gender relations and family structure.

Key Concept 3.3 Increased Economic Productive Capacity and Its ConsequencesChanges in trade networks resulted from and stimulated increasing productive capacity, with important implications for social

and gender structures and environmental processes. Productivity rose in both agriculture and industry. Rising productivity supported population growth and urbanization but also strained environmental resources and at times caused dramatic

demographic swings. Shifts in production and the increased volume of trade also stimulated new labor practices, including adaptation of existing patterns of free and coerced labor. Social and gender structures evolved in response to these changes.

Key Concept Focus Question Specific Evidence for Post-Classical Empires

Agricultural production increased significantly due

to technological innovations

What new innovationsaffected agriculture in the post-classical era?

In response to increasing demand in Afro-Eurasia for

foreign luxury goods, crops were transported from their indigenous

homeland to equivalent climates in other regions.

How and why did crops

migrate during the postclassical

era?

Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and

merchants expanded their production of textiles and

porcelains for export; industrial production of

iron and steel expanded in China.

How did textile and porcelain production develop in the post-

classical era?

Factors that contributed to urban revival included the

end of invasions, the availability of safe and

reliable transport, the rise of commerce and the warmer temperatures

between 800 and 1300. Increased agricultural

productivity and subsequent rising

populationand greater availability of

Why did some post-classical urban areas

prosper andgrow?

labor also contributed to urban

growth.As in the previous period, the main forms of labor

organizationincluded free peasant agriculture, nomadic

pastoralism, craft production

and guild organization, along with various forms ofcoerced and unfree labor and government imposed

labor taxes andmilitary obligations.

What pre-existing labor

systems continued through

the post-classical era?

As in the previous period, social structures were

shaped largely by class and caste hierarchies. Patriarchy persisted;

however, in some areas, women exercised more

power and influence, most notably among the

Mongols and in West Africa, Japan and Southeast Asia

How did social and gender

hierarchies develop in the

post-classical era?

New forms of coerced labor appeared including serfdom in Europe and

Japan and the elaboration of the mit’a in the Inca Empire. Free peasants

resisted attempts to raise dues and taxes by staging revolts. The demand for slaves for both military and domestic purposes increased particularly in central Eurasia, parts of Africa and the eastern

Mediterranean.

What new labor formsdeveloped in the

postclassicalera?

The diffusion of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam and

Neo-Confucianismoften led to significant

changes in gender relations and

family structure.

Why and how did some

gender roles and family

structures change in the

post-classical era?

Key Concept 4.1-4.3 Globalizing Networks of Communication and ExchangeThe interconnection of the Eastern and Western Hemispheres made possible by transoceanic voyaging marked a key

transformation of this period. Technological innovations helped to make transoceanic connections possible. Changing patterns of long-distance trade included the global circulation of some commodities and the formation of new regional markets and financial

centers. Increased trans regional and global trade networks facilitated the spread of religion and other elements of culture as well as the migration of large numbers of people. Germs carried to the Americas ravaged the indigenous peoples, while the

global exchange of crops and animals altered agriculture, diets and populations around the planet.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Age Of Exploration

In the context of the new global circulation of goods, there was an intensification of all existing regional trade

networks that brought prosperity and economic

disruption to the merchants and governments in the

trading regions of the Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, Sahara, and overland

Eurasia.

How did the global tradenetwork after 1500 CE

affectthe pre-existing regionaltrade networks? (IndianOcean, Mediterranean,

trans-Saharan, Silk Routes)

European technological developments in cartography

and navigation built on previous knowledge

developed in the classical, Islamic and Asian worlds, and

included the production of new tools, innovations in ship

designsand an improved

understanding of global wind and currents

patterns, all of which made transoceanic travel and trade

What technical developmentsmade transoceanic

European travel & tradepossible? Where did those

developmentsoriginate?

possible

Remarkable new transoceanic maritime

reconnaissance occurred in this period.

What were the major notable

transoceanic voyagesbetween 1450-1750 CE?

Commercialization and the creation of a global economy were intimately connected to

new global circulation of silver from the Americas.

What role did silver play in facilitating a truly

global scale of trade?

Influenced by mercantilism, joint-stock companies were

newmethods used by European

rulers to control their domestic and

colonial economies and by European merchants to

compete against each other in global trade

What new mercantilistfinancial means

developedto facilitate global trade?

The Atlantic system involved the movement of goods,

wealth, andfree and unfree laborers, and

the mixing of African, American and

European cultures and peoples.

What were the economicand social effects of theAtlantic trading system?

The new connections between the Eastern and

Westernhemispheres resulted in the

Columbian Exchange.

What were the effects of the Columbian

Exchange?

The increase in interactions between newly connected

hemispheres and intensification of connections

How did the practice ofreligions develop in this

era?

within hemispheres expanded the spread and reform of existing religions and created syncretic belief

systems and practicesTraditional peasant

agriculture increased and changed, plantations

expanded, and demand for labor increased. These

changes both fedand responded to growing

global demand for raw materials and

finished products.

How did labor systemsdevelop between 1450-

1750?

Colonial economies in the Americas depended on a

range ofcoerced labor

How did labor systemsdevelop in the colonial

Americas?

Slavery in Africa continued both the traditional

incorporation ofslaves into households and the export of slaves to theMediterranean and Indian

Ocean.The growth of the plantation

economy increased the demand for slaves in the

Americas.

How did slavery withinAfrica compare to the

pre-1450 era?

What caused the Atlantic

slave trade to expand so dramatically?

Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power. Rulers continued to use religious ideas art, and

monumental and mosques, European palaces, to legitimize their rule.

How did political rulers use

religion, art, andarchitecture to legitimize

and consolidate their rule?

States treated different ethnic and religious groups in

ways thatboth utilized their economic contributions while limiting their ability to challenge the

authority of the state

How were ethnic andreligious minorities

treatedin various empires?

Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of

gunpowder,cannons and armed trade to

establish large empires in both

hemispheres.

Who, how and where did Europeans go

about creating new global

empires and tradenetworks?

Who didn’t create overseas empires?

Key Concept 5.1 Industrialization and Global CapitalismIndustrialization fundamentally altered the production of goods around the world. It not only changed how goods were produced

and consumed, as well as what was considered a “good,” but it also had far reaching effects on the global economy, social relations and culture. Although it is common to speak of an “Industrial Revolution,” the process of industrialization was a gradual

one that unfolded over the course of the eighteenth and 19th centuries, eventually becoming global.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Industrial Revolution

What combination offactors were necessary

tobegin the Industrial

Revolution?

A variety of factors led to the rise of industrial

production:

How, where, and why did industrialization change

the way goods were produced?

Industrialization changed fundamentally how goods

wereproduced.

What raw materials werecommonly exported to

industrialized areas? What new markets were created for this growing demand?

The need for raw materials for the

factories and increased food

supplies for growing population in urban centers led to the

growthof export economies

around the world that specialized in mass

producing single natural resources.

What new economic theories were developed in

the context of the Industrial Revolution?

To facilitate investments at all levels of industrial

production,financiers developed

and expanded various financial institutions

What were the importantdevelopments in

transportation and communication

during the Ind. Rev?

There were major developments in

transportation andcommunication

How did governmentsrespond to the

tremendouseconomic changes of the

Industrial Revolution?

In Qing China and the Ottoman Empire some

members of thegovernment resisted economic change and attempted to maintainpre-industrial forms of economic production,

while other membersof the Qing and

Ottoman governments led reforms in imperial

policies. In a small number of states,

governments promoted their own

state-sponsored visions of

industrialization.

How did the Ind. Rev. affect

social and demographiccharacteristics?

The ways in which people organized themselves into

societies alsounderwent significant

transformations in industrialized states

dueto the fundamental restructuring of the

global economy.

Key Concept 5.2- Imperialism and Nation-State FormationAs states industrialized during this period, they also expanded existing overseas colonies and established new types of colonies

and transoceanic empires. Regional warfare and diplomacy both resulted in and were affected by this process of modern empire-building. The process was led mostly by Europe, although not all states were affected equally, which led to an increase

of European influence around the world. The United States and Japan also participated in this process. The growth of new empires challenged the power of existing land-based empires of Eurasia. New ideas about nationalism, race, gender, class and

culture also developed that both facilitated the spread of transoceanic empires and new states, as well as justifying anti-imperial resistance and the formation of new national identities.

Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Imperialism Which states increased

theirinfluence and control

overtheir pre-existing

colonies,and which saw theirinfluence decrease?

Industrializing powers established

transoceanic empires.

What methods and tacticsdid industrialized states

useto establish and expand

their empires?

Many European states used both warfare and diplomacy

to establish empires

How did imperialism help,hurt, or change various

states?

Imperialism influenced state formation and

contraction around the world

How did imperialists justifyimperialism?

New racial ideologies facilitated and

justified Imperialism.

Key Concept 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and ReformThe 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments and the

establishment of new nation-states around the world. Enlightenment thought and the resistance of colonized peoples to imperial

centers shaped this revolutionary activity. These rebellions sometimes resulted in the formation of new states and stimulated the development of new ideologies. These new ideas in turn further stimulated the revolutionary and anti-imperial tendencies of

this period.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for the Age of Revolutions and Nationalism

What role did the Enlightenmentplay in making

political revolutions &rebellions possible?

The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment

thought that questioned

established traditions in all areas of life often

preceded the revolutions and

rebellions against existing governments

How and which Enlightenmentthinkers affect understandings

of the relationshipbetween the natural world

and humans?

Enlightenment philosophers applied new ways of

understandingthe natural,

critiqued the role thatreligion played, insisting on the importance of reason.

Other Enlightenment philosophers developed new

political ideas about the individual, natural rights,

and the social contract

Which revolutionary documents were created by Enlightenment ideals and how did they lead to

resistance?

The ideas of Enlightenment

philosophers, are reflected in

revolutionarydocuments

What is the basis of national

identity and nationalism?How did governments usethese new ideas on their

populations?

Beginning in the 18th century peoples around the world

developeda new sense of

commonality based on language, religion,

socialcustoms and territory.

How did rebellions andrevolutions in the

Americasand Europe reflect

Enlightenmentideals?

American colonial subjects led a series of rebellions — including

the American Revolution, the Haitian

Revolution, and the Latin American independence

movements — that facilitated the emergence of

independent states in the U.S., Haiti, and

mainlandLatin America. French

subjects rebelled against their monarchy.

Which anti-colonial movements occurred

during this time period?

Increasing questions about political

authority and growing nationalism

contributed to anti-colonial movements.

What people or issues didEnlightenment thinkers

ignore or overlook?

Demands for women’s suffrage and an

emergent feminism challenged

political and gender hierarchies.

Key Concept 5.4 Global MigrationMigration patterns changed dramatically throughout this period and the numbers of migrants increased significantly. These changes were

closely connected to the development of transoceanic empires and a global capitalist economy. In some cases, people benefitted economically from migration, while other peoples were seen simply as commodities to be transported. In both cases, migration produced dramatically different societies for both sending and receiving societies and presented challenges to governments in fostering national

identities and regulating the flow of people.Focus Question Key Concept Specific Evidence for Global Migrations of the 19th Century

How did the IndustrialRevolution affect migrationpatterns during this period?

Migration in many cases was influenced by

changes in demographyin both industrialized and unindustrialized societies

that presented challenges to existing

patterns of living.Why did people migrate? What were the economic

motives behind migration? What types of migration

were voluntary vs.involuntary?

Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons.

What were the social consequences

and reactions to19th century migrations?

The large scale nature of migration, especially in

the 19th century,produced a variety of

consequences and reactions to the

increasingly diverse societies on the part of

migrants and theexisting populations

How did migrants preserveand transplant their culture

in their new homes?

Migrants often created ethnic enclaves

in different partsof the world that helped transplant their culture into new environments

and facilitated the development of migrant

support

networks.

How did receiving societiesreact to the new presence of

foreign migrants?

Receiving societies did not always embrace

immigrants, as seen in various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and

the ways statesattempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their

borders

Long Essay Question Guidelines:

In your response, you should do the following: Respond to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a line of reasoning Describe a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Support an argument in response to the prompt using specific and relevant examples of evidence Use historical reasoning (i.e. comparison, causation, continuity or change over time) to frame or structure an argument that

addresses the prompt. Use evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the prompt

APWH Long Essay Question (LEQ) Organizer

CONTEXT: What is the back story? How did we get to this event/topic? Go back at least 1-2 centuries.Or – zoom out – what is going on in the world at large at the time of the essay topic that would

influence the topic of the essay?

THESIS STATEMENTAnswer the question with 2 or more CLAIMS

Claim 1 Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________________3 Proof Points:Conclusion Sentence that links Proof Points to the thesis and topic of the essay

Claim 2 Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________________3 Proof Points:Conclusion Sentence that links Proof Points to the thesis and topic of the essay

Claim 3 Topic Sentence: _______________________________________________________________3 Proof Points:Conclusion Sentence that links Proof Points to the thesis and topic of the essay

Demonstrates a COMPLEX UNDERSTANDING of the topic by:

- -Explain BOTH similarity and difference, continuity and change, multiple causes, or explaining both causes and effects- Synthesis

Conclusion: Restate your thesis. Use different words/phrases than the introduction.

COMPLEXITY