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    H

    TA

    C

    OWO ACHIEVE

    STHMA

    ONTROL?

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    APA YANG DIKETAHUI

    TENTANG ASMA

    Asma adalah salah satu penyakit kronis yangtersering,ada 300 juta orang penderita diseluruh dunia,prevalensinya cenderungmeningkat terutama anak anak

    Asma secara efektif dapat diobati dansebagian besar dapat mencapai TOTAL

    CONTROL.

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    Clinical Control of Asthma

    No (or minimal)* daytime symptoms

    No limitations of activity

    No nocturnal symptoms

    No (or minimal) need for rescue medication

    Normal lung function

    No exacerbations_________

    * Minimal = twice or less per week

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    Levels of Asthma Control

    CharacteristicControlled

    (All of the following)

    Partly controlled(Any present in any week)

    Uncontrolled

    Daytime symptomsNone (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    3 or morefeatures of

    partly

    controlled

    asthma

    present in

    any week

    Limitations of

    activities None Any

    Nocturnal

    symptoms /

    awakening

    None Any

    Need for rescue /

    reliever treatment

    None (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    Lung function

    (PEF or FEV1)Normal

    < 80% predicted or

    personal best (if

    known) on any day

    Exacerbation None One or more / year 1 in any week

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    Pasien yang mencapai kontrol

    Partly dan Uncontrolled

    Controlled

    Hanya 5% pasien

    yang mencapai

    kontrol asma

    Rabe et al. Eur Respir J, 2000

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    Hanya 5 % pasien yang mencapai kontrol

    asma. Hal ini dikarenakan:

    Ekspektasi yang rendah tentang kontrol

    asma baik dari dokter maupun pasien.

    Komunikasi dokter / pasien yang kurang

    tentang tingkatan asma kontrol

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    pre-study post-study

    Bateman et al,Amer J Respir Crit Care Med2004; 170: 836-844

    %p

    asien

    100%

    Tidak Terkontrol

    100%

    100%

    Membaik

    71%

    Terkontrol Baik

    41%

    Terkontrol Penuh

    GOAL Study: Dengan Seretide 70% pasien asma yang tidak terkontrol

    dapat mencapai dan mempertahankan kontrol asma

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    1.Membangun Hubungan pasien -dokter

    2. Mengidentifikasi dan mengurangipaparan terhadap faktor resiko

    3. Menilai,mengobati dan memonitorgejala Asma(Assess, Treat and Monitor

    Asthma)

    4. Pengelolaan Eksaserbasi Asma

    4 Komponen Penatalaksanaan Asma

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    PERLU ALAT SEDERHANA UNTUK MENILAI

    KONTROL ASMA

    NILAI STATUS KONTROL ASMA

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    ACTTM(Asthma Control Test):

    Direkomendasikan oleh GINA & DAI (Dewan AsmaIndonesia)

    Tervalidasi dengan pemeriksaan paru lainnya; spirometri,peak flow meter.

    Mudah (5 pertanyaan) & tanpa biaya(www.asthmacontroltest.com).

    www.asthmacontroltest.com, GINA 2008

    http://www.asthmacontroltest.com/http://www.asthmacontroltest.com/
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    Asthma Control TestTM

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    CONTROLLED

    PARTLY CONTROLLED

    UNCONTROLLED

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    Levels of Asthma Control

    CharacteristicControlled

    (All of the following)

    Partly controlled(Any present in any week)

    Uncontrolled

    Daytime symptomsNone (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    3 or morefeatures of

    partly

    controlled

    asthma

    present in

    any week

    Limitations of

    activities None Any

    Nocturnal

    symptoms /

    awakening

    None Any

    Need for rescue /

    reliever treatment

    None (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    Lung function

    (PEF or FEV1)Normal

    < 80% predicted or

    personal best (if

    known) on any day

    Exacerbation None One or more / year 1 in any week

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    Ada 5 level pengobatan asma,tergantung status asma kontrol

    Pengobatan disesuaikan dalam suatusiklus kontinyu dengan berpedomanpada status asma kontrol.Siklustersebut meliputi:

    - Assessing Asthma Control

    - Treating to Achieve Control

    - Monitoring to Maintain Control

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    Levels of Asthma Control

    Characteristic Controlled Partly controlled(Any present in any week)

    Uncontrolled

    Daytime symptomsNone (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    3 or morefeatures of

    partly

    controlled

    asthma

    present in

    any week

    Limitations of

    activities None Any

    Nocturnal

    symptoms /

    awakening

    None Any

    Need for rescue /

    reliever treatment

    None (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    Lung function

    (PEF or FEV1)Normal

    < 80% predicted or

    personal best (if

    known) on any day

    Exacerbation None One or more / year 1 in any week

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    Component 4: Asthma Management and Prevention Program

    Controller Medications

    Inhaled glucocorticosteroids

    Leukotriene modifiers

    Long-acting inhaled

    2-agonists Systemic glucocorticosteroids

    Theophylline

    Cromones

    Long-acting oral 2-agonists

    Anti-IgE

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    Estimate Comparative Daily Dosages for

    Inhaled Glucocorticosteroids by Age

    Drug Low Daily Dose (g) Medium Daily Dose (g) High Daily Dose (g)> 5 y Age < 5 y > 5 y Age < 5 y > 5 y Age < 5 y

    Beclomethasone 200-500 100-200 >500-1000 >200-400 >1000 >400

    Budesonide 200-600 100-200 600-1000 >200-400 >1000 >400

    Budesonide-Neb

    Inhalation Suspension

    250-500 >500-1000 >1000

    Ciclesonide 80 160 80-160 >160-320 >160-320 >320-1280 >320

    Flunisolide 500-1000 500-750 >1000-2000 >750-1250 >2000 >1250

    Fluticasone 100-250 100-200 >250-500 >200-500 >500 >500

    Mometasone furoate 200-400 100-200 > 400-800 >200-400 >800-1200 >400

    Triamcinolone acetonide 400-1000 400-800 >1000-2000 >800-1200 >2000 >1200

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    Component 4: Asthma Management and Prevention Program

    Reliever Medications

    Rapid-acting inhaled 2-agonists

    Systemic glucocorticosteroids

    Anticholinergics

    Theophylline

    Short-acting oral 2-agonists

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    controlled

    partly controlled

    uncontrolled

    exacerbation

    LEVEL OF CONTROL

    maintain and find lowest

    controlling step

    consider stepping up to

    gain control

    step up until controlled

    treat as exacerbation

    TREATMENT OF ACTION

    TREATMENT STEPSREDUCE INCREASE

    STEP

    1

    STEP

    2

    STEP

    3

    STEP

    4

    STEP

    5

    REDUCE

    INCREASE

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    Step 1 Obat pelega sesuai kebutuhan

    Pasien dengan gejala yang jarang dan

    dengan durasi serangan pendek.

    Direkomendasikan inhalasi 2-agonist kerja

    cepat (Evidence A)

    Bila gejala memberat dan lebih sering dan

    atau memburuk secara periodik,pasien butuh

    obat kontroler (step 2atau di atasnya)

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    Step 2

    Obat Pelega dan kontroler tunggal

    Direkomendasikan inhalasi

    glucocorticosteroid dosis rendah sebagaiawal pengobatan kontroler semua tingkat

    usia (Evidence A)

    Sebagai alternatif bisa diberikan leukotriene(Evidence A)

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    Step 3

    Obat pelega ditambah 1 atau 2 kontroler

    Pada dewasa diberi kombinasi inhalasi

    kortikosteroid dosis rendah dengan 2-agonist

    kerja panjang, dengan inhalasi kombinasi atauterpisah (Evidence A)

    2-agonist kerja panjang jangan sebagai

    monoterapi

    Pada anak berikan inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis

    medium (Evidence A)

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    pre-study post-study

    Bateman et al,Amer J Respir Crit Care Med2004; 170: 836-844

    %p

    asien

    2. Treat (Obati Untuk Mencapai Kontrol)

    100%

    Tidak Terkontrol

    100%

    100%

    Membaik

    71%

    Terkontrol Baik

    41%

    Terkontrol Penuh

    GOAL Study: Dengan Seretide 70% pasien asma yang tidak terkontrol

    dapat mencapai dan mempertahankan kontrol asma

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    Step 3 tambahan pilihan obat untuk dewasa

    Naikkan inhalasi kortikosteroid ke dosis

    medium (Evidence A) inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis rendah

    kombinasi dengan leukotriene modifiers

    (Evidence A) inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis rendah

    sustained-release theophylline (Evidence B)

    dosis rendah

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    Step 4

    Reliever medication plus two or morecontrollers

    Pilihan obat pada step 4 tergantung pilihan

    obat pada step 2 atau 3

    Sebaiknya pada pasien yang tidak dapat

    mencapai kontrol asma pada step 3 dirujuk

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    Step 4

    Obat Pelega ditambah 2 atau lebih kontroler

    Kombinasi inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis medium

    atau tinggi dengan inhalasi 2-agonist kerja

    panjang (Evidence A)

    inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis medium atau tinggi

    kombinasi dengan leukotriene modifier(Evidence

    A) Sustained-release theophylline dosis rendah

    tambahkan Inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis medium-

    atau inhalasi kortikosteroid dosis tinggi

    kombinasi den an -a onist ker a

    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

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    Treating to Achieve Asthma Control

    Step 5

    Reliever medication plus additional controller options

    Penambahan kortikosteroid oral dosis rendah

    mungkin efektif (Evidence D) tetapi banyak

    efek samping(Evidence A)

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    MONITORING

    Bila kontrol asma sudah tercapai,monitoring berkesinambungan mutlakdilakukan untuk:

    - pemeliharaan kontrol asma

    - Menentukan penurunan step ataudosis pengobatan

    Kontrol asma harus dimonitor olehpasien dan dokter

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    Check Status Kontrol/nilai ACT

    Membaik

    Pertahankan dosis :3 bulan

    Memburuk

    Naikkan dosis dan cekrespon:

    3 bulan

    Membaik / memburuk?

    3. Monitor to Maintain (pantau untukmempertahankan kontrol)

    GINA 2008

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    MONITORING

    Stepping down treatment when asthma is controlled

    Bila kontrol asma tercapai pada Inhalasi

    kortikosteroid dosis medium sampaitinggi: pengurangan dosis 50% pada

    interval 3 bulan.(Evidence B)

    Bila kontrol asma tercapai pada inhalasi

    kortikosteroid dosis rendah : ubah ke

    dosis sehari (Evidence A)

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    MONITORING

    Stepping down treatment when asthma is controlled

    Bila kontrol asma tercapai pada kombinasiinhalasi kortikosteroid inhalasi

    2-agonist

    kerja panjang , kurangi dosis inhalasi KS50% 2-agonist kerja panjang tetapdiberikan (Evidence B)

    Bila kontrol asma tetap terjaga, kurangidosis inhalasi KS ke dosis rendah danstop 2-agonist kerja panjang(Evidence D)

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    KASUS I

    Anak 5 tahun

    Batuk setiap malam selama >1bulan,kadang

    ada suara mengi

    Riwayat atopi dalam keluarga

    Bacaan X Foto torak proses spesifik

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    Characteristic ControlledPartly controlled

    (Any present in any week)Uncontrolled

    Daytime symptomsNone (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    3 or more

    features of

    partly

    controlledasthma

    present in

    any week

    Limitations of

    activitiesNone Any

    Nocturnal

    symptoms /awakening

    None Any

    Need for rescue /

    reliever treatment

    None (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    Lung function(PEF or FEV1)Normal

    < 80% predicted or

    personal best (ifknown) on any day

    Exacerbation None One or more / year 1 in any week

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    Drug Low Daily Dose (g) Medium Daily Dose (g) High Daily Dose (g)> 5 y Age < 5 y > 5 y Age < 5 y > 5 y Age < 5 y

    Beclomethasone 200-500 100-200 >500-1000 >200-400 >1000 >400

    Budesonide 200-600 100-200 600-1000 >200-400 >1000 >400

    Budesonide-Neb

    Inhalation Suspension

    250-500 >500-1000 >1000

    Ciclesonide 80 160 80-160 >160-320 >160-320 >320-1280 >320

    Flunisolide 500-1000 500-750 >1000-2000 >750-1250 >2000 >1250

    Fluticasone 100-250 100-200 >250-500 >200-500 >500 >500

    Mometasone furoate 200-400 100-200 > 400-800 >200-400 >800-1200 >400

    Triamcinolone acetonide 400-1000 400-800 >1000-2000 >800-1200 >2000 >1200

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    Batuk dan sesak hilang

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    Asthma Control TestTM

    5

    5

    5

    5

    5

    25

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    Check Status Kontrol/nilai ACT

    Membaik

    Pertahankan dosis :3 bulan

    Memburuk

    Naikkan dosis dan cekrespon:

    3 bulan

    Membaik / memburuk?

    3. Monitor to Maintain (pantau untukmempertahankan kontrol)

    GINA 2008

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    Wanita 35 tahun Riwayat asma sejak umur 18 tahun Dalam 1 bulan ini hampir seminggu

    sekali menggunakan pelega Setiap malam selalu terbangunkarena batuk atau sesak

    Dalam 1tahun ini 2 kali ke UGD

    karena asma

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    Characteristic ControlledPartly controlled

    (Any present in any week)Uncontrolled

    Daytime symptomsNone (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    3 or more

    features of

    partly

    controlled

    asthma

    present in

    any week

    Limitations of

    activitiesNone Any

    Nocturnal

    symptoms /

    awakening

    None Any

    Need for rescue /

    reliever treatment

    None (2 or less /

    week)

    More than

    twice / week

    Lung function(PEF or FEV1)

    Normal

    < 80% predicted or

    personal best (if

    known) on any day

    Exacerbation None One or more / year 1 in any week

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    Keluhan tetap sama,hampirseminggu sekali menggunakan

    obat semprot pelega

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    Asthma Control TestTM

    2

    3

    2

    2

    1

    10

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