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How PMI and Data Modeling Standards Affect Successful Implementation of 3D MBD/MBE

Understanding and Managing Risk in Implementation and Transition Bryan R. Fischer – Advanced Dimensional Management LLC

Phil Farcy – Boeing

Global Product Data Interoperability Summit | 2012



•  GD&T, Tolerance Analysis, Dimensional Management •  3D MBD/MBE Implementation, Migration, Standards •  ASME, ISO, Corporate Drawing and Modeling Standards •  Books, Software, Training Materials

Advanced Dimensional Management LLC – About Us

Training Courses and Consulting © Advanced Dimensional Management LLC - 2012




Extensive Research and Development of 3D MBD Practices and Extension of Standards

•  Aerospace R&D under direction of Rick Zuray, Boeing, co-chairman of LOTAR International Project Group

•  R&D performed for National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under direction of Simon Frechette

•  All work coordinated with and linked to LOTAR effort and NIST R&D activities, including

– Test models, PMI and Unicode String Standardization

Role of Engineering Standards

© Advanced Dimensional Management LLC - 2012




•  Engineering standards play a critical role in •  product development •  product definition •  process definition

and affect the product throughout its lifecycle The importance of engineering standards increases by an order of magnitude as companies move to implement 3D MBD and MBE concepts

Role of Engineering Standards





•  Current and future efforts to replace all or part of 2D drawings with 3D datasets are highly-dependent upon engineering standards, particularly Product and Manufacturing Information (PMI) standards and data modeling standards

Moving from 2D to 3D Product Definition





•  Successful implementation of 3D MBD and 3D MBE requires a clear understanding of the current state of relevant standards

•  Must establish a baseline •  Must manage expectations •  Must plan a clear path toward success •  Only then can an optimal path be understood and

followed •  Lack of the above may lead to failure, aborted attempts

at implementation anywhere in the supply chain

Where to Start





Data modeling standards depend upon two layers of standards above

•  Tier 1: PMI Defining Standards •  Tier 2: Model Construction and Usage

Standards •  Tier 3: Data Modeling Standards

see next slide

PMI Standards Hierarchy – Tiers of Standards





ASME Y14.41-2003 [2012]ISO 16792:2006

ASME Y14.5-2009ISO 1101:2004 [2012]ISO 5459:2011ISO 8015:2011ASME Y14.36-1996ISO 1302:2002ASME Y14.100:2004AWS A2.4-2007IEC 81714-2:2006IPC-D-325 1995

Model Construction and UsageStandards

Data Modeling Standards ISO 10303-203:2011 (STEP)ISO 10303-214:2010 (STEP)ISO/CD 10303-242 (STEP) [2013]ISO/PAS 14306:2011 (JT)ISO 32000-1:2008 (PDF)ECMA 363:2007 (U3D)Native CAD formats...

Tier 2

Tier 3

Examples

Examples

Examples

PMI Defining Standards

Tier 1

PMI Standards Hierarchy – Tiers of Standards





•  Re-engineer current standards to work with semantic 3D datasets and models

•  Eliminate need for customized software solutions •  Complete suite of COTS solutions for all aspects of

MBD/MBE throughout the supply chain and product lifecycle

•  Environment where we can work with semantic 3D datasets in semi-automated and automated manners

•  Ensure software tools are able to produce / consume the highest level of semantic data-rich 3D datasets

Short-term Goals





•  Need to replace presentation-dependent methods in existing standards with symbolic/embeddable methods

•  Need to ensure all geometry-related PMI is based upon and supported by explicitly-stated, unambiguous, mathematically-valid rules in international standards

Example-based standards have to go…

•  These requirements must be made clear to SDOs

•  These requirements must be demanded by industry

•  Industry participants must understand these needs

Challenges in Standards Development – 1





•  Existing PMI standards are burdened by their legacy of applying to 2D drawing annotation

•  Standards developers are largely thinking about the present, about PMI on 2D drawings…

•  Heavily dependent upon presentation data (How information is shown on a drawing)

•  This is not optimal for 3D •  This is not optimal for machine-to-machine /

software-to-software transfer and use of 3D datasets •  This requires a human to interpret the data

(Adds levels of subjectivity to address ambiguities…)

Challenges in Standards Development – 2





•  OEMs and partners use software to prepare product definition data and TDPs

•  Compliance may be limited by software •  Software must comply with applicable PMI standards •  Software should be developed with compliance with

PMI standards in mind •  Software should be tested to verify compliance •  If software does not comply with PMI standards,

OEMs and partners may fail to meet contractually imposed requirements

Medium and Long Term Goals – Software Compliance





•  Datasets must comply with applicable standards •  Compliance imposed by contract (legal requirement) •  Informal solutions possible with human

interpretation eliminated in automated environment •  Compliance with standards and data quality must be

very high for automated use •  Management must be willing to allow employees to

build quality datasets (time, proper use of tools, etc.) •  Consequences of not doing so will exponentiate

throughout the product lifecycle

Medium and Long Term Goals – Dataset Compliance





•  Business practices that support semantic data transfer •  Data validation activity and software very important •  Companies must change behavior to achieve very high

data quality and rigorous processes to make 3D MBD work, e.g.

•  Traditional short-term management decisions opting for schedule over quality

•  Selecting lowest-cost suppliers vs. suppliers most competent in 3D MBD

•  Optimal transition cannot happen without full support of highest levels of management

Medium and Long Term Goals – Business Processes and Culture Change





Future Challenges are Different Than Current Challenges Today – Presentation data needed

Most processes require human interpretation •  PMI is for human consumption (visual) •  Humans can interpret PMI and leverage intellect to make

judgments to mitigate ambiguity and incomplete product definition

•  Necessary while Tier 1 standards are still not at an acceptable level of rigor

•  This is not yet solely a software task •  Biggest challenge: culture change of existing workforce

Future Challenges in PMI Standardization – Today





Future Challenges in PMI Standardization – Tomorrow

Future Challenges are Different Than Current Challenges Tomorrow – Presentation data no longer needed

•  Machine-to-machine / software-to software interoperability

•  Automated consumption of geometry and semantic PMI •  Knowledge-based systems recognize and address

inconsistencies •  Today’s challenges become tomorrow’s tribal

knowledge •  New challenges from machine-to-machine interaction

(Loss of overt visibility of issues…, Skynet…?)





•  We need to influence SDOs to develop and improve international standards for semantic 3D PMI

•  We need to influence software developers to ensure COTS tools are available for authoring and consuming semantic 3D PMI

•  We need to support NIST and related activities working to ensure the above happen by developing standards, test models, etc.

•  Companies already using 3D MBD should spread the word, encourage suppliers, offer contracts, etc.

Conclusion





Contact Bryan R. Fischer Advanced Dimensional Management LLC 16004 SW Tualatin-Sherwood Rd. #163 Sherwood, OR 97140 Phone: 503.625.2480 Email: [email protected] Website: www.advdm.com

Contact Phil Farcy Boeing Company Address City, State, Zip Phone: Email: Website:

Contact Information




Thank you!

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