More than 5000 people are involved in the production of

clinker and cement in Australia.

More than 5000 people are involved in the production of

clinker and cement in Australia.

CONCRETEBATCHING PLANT

STAGE THREEStorage and grinding

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How one of the country’s most importantconstruction materials is made.

How one of the country’s most importantconstruction materials is made.

CEMENTPLANT

CRUSHER

STAGE ONEExtraction of raw materials

OPENINGSOON

HOSPITAL

+

4040

Limestone is the main material in

cement manufacturing.

Limestone is the main material in

cement manufacturing.

More than 90% of clinker is produced in energy ef�cient

precalciner kilns.

More than 90% of clinker is produced in energy ef�cient

precalciner kilns.

MINE

475-586vv

STAGE TWOFiring of raw materials

Kiln temperatures can typically reach in excess of 1400˚C.

Kiln temperatures can typically reach in excess of 1400˚C.

55% of CO2 emissions arise from the unavoidable chemical conversion of limestone into clinker (calcination).

55% of CO2 emissions arise from the unavoidable chemical conversion of limestone into clinker (calcination).

Alternative fuels such as waste oils and wood waste may be used to

replace coal.

Alternative fuels such as waste oils and wood waste may be used to

replace coal.

The Australian cement industry has reduced CO2 emissions by

27% since 1990.

The Australian cement industry has reduced CO2 emissions by

27% since 1990.

Reuse of industrial wastes such as blast furnace slag and �y ash can minimise use of limestone.

Reuse of industrial wastes such as blast furnace slag and �y ash can minimise use of limestone.

Limestone is an abundant natural resource.Limestone is an abundant natural resource.

CO2CO2

CO2CO2

Cement mills can be located at cement plants or close to the community they serve.

Cement mills can be located at cement plants or close to the community they serve.

Concrete batch plants need to be located close to the markets they serve.

Concrete batch plants need to be located close to the markets they serve.

COAL-FIRED

POWER STATION

FLY ASH

SLAG 1 kilometre of freeway needs 2,500 tonnes of cement.1 kilometre of freeway needs 2,500 tonnes of cement.

9 million tonnes of cement are produced in Australia each year which is transported around the country by trucks, trains and ships to concrete batch plants.

9 million tonnes of cement are produced in Australia each year which is transported around the country by trucks, trains and ships to concrete batch plants.

2 million tonnes per year of by-product from power generation (�y ash) and steel

making (furnace slag) are used incement and concrete every year.

These can further cut CO2 emissions.

2 million tonnes per year of by-product from power generation (�y ash) and steel

making (furnace slag) are used incement and concrete every year.

These can further cut CO2 emissions.

Over 70% of the world’s population live in structures containing cement.

Over 70% of the world’s population live in structures containing cement.

26,000,000m3 of concrete is used in Australia each year.26,000,000m3 of concrete is used in Australia each year.

A typical family home requires 14 tonnes of cement.

A typical family home requires 14 tonnes of cement.

Clinker is ground with other materials into the �ne grey material

that is cement.

Clinker is ground with other materials into the �ne grey material

that is cement.Cement is the glue that binds concrete together.Cement is the glue that binds concrete together.

Concrete is delivered in agitator trucks.Concrete is delivered in agitator trucks.

Increasing limestone mineral additions can reduce CO2 emissions.

Increasing limestone mineral additions can reduce CO2 emissions.

STEEL-MAKING

PLANT

STEEL-MAKING

PLANT

Cement is the key ingredient in concrete, which is the most used construction material in Australia.

Cement is the key ingredient in concrete, which is the most used construction material in Australia.

CEMENT