how is climate taken into account in sustainable …1 plan 1. french urban legislation regarding...

1

Plan

1. French urban legislation regarding climate

2. Climate in the 3 French eco design processes

3. Climate in 2 cities eco design processes

4. Conclusion

How is climate taken into account in sustainable ur ban design? Focus on French urban eco design processes

Delphine Chouillou , Sinda Haoues Jouve

PHD researchEnvironnemental

quality in neighbourhood in

reconstruction

Research field : geography and

land-use

Thesis advisor : Marie Christine

Jaillet

Co-thesisadvisor

Sinda HaouesJouve

2

1.French urban

legislationregarding

climate

2. Climate in the 3 french eco

design processes

3. Climate in 2 cities eco design

processes

4. Conclusion

How is climate taken into account in sustainable ur ban design?

Thermal regulation (2012)

Energy consumption

Renewable energy

Thermal regulation (2012)

Summer confort

ScalesBuilding

Global warmingchallenges

No regulation constraint

Incentive planning

Energy consumption of public lightningTraffic reductionPublic transports

No regulation constraint

Incentive planning

Bioclimatic design (taking into accountclimate)

Neighbourhood

Environmental laws2000 : environmental laws constraint

urban planning 2004 : climatic plan at national scale2010 : Grenelle law 22012 : climatic plan at local scale

MitigationTo reduce greenhouse gases

emissions

AdaptationTo face strong urban heatisland , drought, flood, …

New home energyconsumption (kWh/m²)

3

Methodology

Object of study : Neighbourhood eco-design processes

French eco design processes2 examples of eco design

processes in cities

Research purpose : Study how climate is taken into account

Means : Analysis of methodology documents and communication documents …

Neighbourhood eco-design process :High environmental quality planning decision making tool

Toulouse

Grenoble

1. French urbanlegislationregardingclimate

2. Climate in the 3 french eco design processes


processes

4. Conclusion


International correspondance

4

Design

EnvironmentalApproch of

plannification(2014)

Public operatorEnvironmental

expertise

Project management

Certificationenvironmental

high qualityplanning (2010)

Private organisationTechnical support

Recognition

LabelEco neighbourhood

(2012)

StateIncentives

Assessment of the design process

No imposed indicators

Assessment of the final project

Numerical indicators

No preset assessment

No imposed indicators

3 different designers

3 differentapproaches

3 neighbourhoodscale processes


2. Climate in the 3 french eco design processes


processes

4. Conclusion


5

7 topics

Energy and climateWater

TransportationWaste management

Biodiversity and landscapeContaminated soils and brownfields

Noise

3 goals / 17 topics

Neighbourhood coherenceTerritory and local context

DensityMobility and accessibility

Heritage, landscape and identityAdaptability

Natural resourcesWater

Energy and climateMaterials and equipment

Ecosystems et biodiversityNatural and technological risks

Health

Social lifeProject's economyDiversity and use

Atmosphere and public spacesIntegration and education

Local social dynamics

Climate � Secondary concern« Opportunistic » topic : leans on other topics' levers o f action Climate : recent concern

4 topics / 20 commitments

Quality of lifeDensity

Social mixHealth and security

Architectural quality and quality of lifeLocal heritage

Territorial developmentEconomic development

Walking distanceLocal consumption

Soft mobilityDigital transition

Resources protection and climate change adaptation

Urban planning fitting climate changeEnergy sobriety, renewable energy

Waste managementWater management

Biodiversity

New Label : 2012Climate is highlightedPromotes national level considerationson local scales

Flexible themes Strict assessment grid


6

• Themes focusing on GHG emissions: energy and mobility

- Very strict: generic levers of action, shared by the three approaches.

- Often quantifiable thanks to numerical indicators

� Benefit from the experiment of the energy topic (older an d better known)

Mitigation levers

Energy sobriety of buildings: energy consumptionProduction of renewable energy: energy production

Energy sobriety of public lightening: energy consumptionLimitation of car use: functional mix, soft mobility, public transports


7

• Less prescritive: variable levers• Difficult assessment: numeric indicators are not alway s relevant • Qualitative assessment

� Difficulties to identify the levers of action: need fo r further expertise, taking into accountlocal characteristics

� Lack of expertise and knowledge about this new issue

Adaptation levers

Presence of vegetationPresence of waterUrban morphology dealing with airflowsUse of light colored materials

Presence of vegetationControl of sunshine: level of solar radiations on surfacesControl of windsConsiderations of local climateConsiderations of local characteristics

Presence of vegetation: % of the surfacePresence of water: integratedmanagement Limitation of the waterproofed surface:

% of the surface


8

Local processes enable to further take into account adapt ation concerns

Aware cities

A full-fledged theme : integrated approach (in oppositi on with national approaches)

ToulouseGrenoble

Currently under validation

Awareness of climate concerns« For Toulouse Métropole, the sustainability of the city is part of

a global approach taking into account climate change»

2014

Awareness of climate concerns« A sustainable urban planning seems to be one of the

priorities in tackling climate change and adapting to it »

11 targets

Development projects' localisation Energy, air, climate

Urban and architectural density and qualityIntermodality and mobility

Public space, heritage and landscapeWater cycle

Nature in the cityLive together

Social demand and appropriationControl over the costs and financing

Project management

Local processes : Focus on Adaptation challenge

7 themes

Wintertime comfortSummertime comfort

RevegetationWater cycle

Energy production meansAccessibility and parking

Reduction of urban disturbance




design processes

3. Climate in 2 cities eco

design processes

4. Conclusion

9

ToulouseGrenoble

Adaptation levers and assessment




design processes

3. Climate in 2 cities eco

design processes

4. Conclusion

Adaptation SHARED levers of action� Exhaustive list

Presence of vegetationPresence of water

Climate considerations: rain, wind, sun, humidityLimitation of mineral

Limitation of air-conditioning (heat emission) Materials

Cities have developped their own expertise and competen ces

- Skills improvement: specialised knowledge and accurat e indicators- Enables a better appropriation of the issue- Can discourage cities which do not have the sufficient technical means

Qualitative assessment

Adaptation sub-topics

Limitation of urban heat island: vegetation, materials, micro urban climate concerns

Design and construction of passive public spaces: soilswaterproofing, green surface, shadow, street furniture

Creation of a passive summertime and wintertime comfort : urban morphology

Assessment through « operational indicators »

Shaded outdoor spaces in summertimeWalls/roofs ability not to warm up urban areas

Green surfacesOutdoor space thermal inerty

Green roofs

10

Conclusion

Legislation

National processes Local processes

Climate

Neighbourhoodscale

INCENTIVE

Mitigation : PRESCRIPTION

Adaptation : INCENTIVE, local authorities' initiative

Adaptation : PRESCRIPTION

Adaptation � Local processes could be the solution to implement it

- Cities awareness

- Skills improvement

ToulouseGrenoble1. French urban

legislationregardingclimate


design processes


processes

4. Conclusion


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