how has the school music education curriculum developed in hong kong 1945-1997?

8/14/2019 How has the School Music Education Curriculum Developed in Hong Kong 1945-1997?

1/18

E~}om Nh~mcxoil OO

E^E2:3

Hr,Mcrik C, Dcrxrnkk

Gcntckol Zrc}nrxmfcld

EC ol E~}om Nh~mcxoil

G:4==48:

Hnchkoln Hcxn0 26 Czrok 2::6

3


2/18

Xizom

Fit fc} xfn ]mfiik E~}om Nh~mcxoil M~rrom~k~e Hnqnkiznh ol Fild Gild 3?8>%3??4 clh

Tfcx Fcqn Bnnl xfn Gny Hroqnr} ia Mfcldn9

3,3 Olxrih~mxoil

C diih s~ckoxy bc}om nh~mcxoil o} n}znmockky n}}nlxock air koan xihcy+ bnmc~}n ox fc} cl

oezirxclx olak~nlmn il cxxox~hn}+ koan milhoxoil}+ nezkiyenlx clh bnkona} ia znizkn+ c} tnkk c}

ecgold cl oezirxclx milxrob~xoil xi hnqnkizold xfn }imonxy &Chce}il clh Eirro}+ 3??6/, Ox o}

mnrxcol xfcx arie xfn tohnr fo}xiromck milxnvx ol Fild Gild+ nh~mcxoil tc} }nnl+ ol ecly tcy}+ c}

xfn encl} ia hnqnkizold c }gokknh tirgairmn+ nvzclhold nmilieom izzirx~loxy+ nlfclmold }imock

eibokoxy+ clh zrnzcrold yi~ld znizkn xi zcrxomozcxn ol c }imonxy,

Xfn crnc ia xfo} rn}ncrmf tokk bn xi }x~hy cl oezirxclx o}}~n ol nh~mcxoil clh e~}om

nh~mcxoil ol xfn Fild Gild m~rrom~k~e, A~rxfnr+ e~}om tokk bn rnmidlopnh c} cl n}}nlxock }mfiik

}~b`nmx clh cl oezirxclx cmxoqoxy air xfn hnqnkizenlx ia mfokhrnl, Xfo} ecgn} xfn e~}om li kn}}

oezirxclx xfcl cly ixfnr }mfiik }~b`nmx, Xfn z~rzi}n ia xfo} rn}ncrmf o} xi }x~hy xfn hnqnkizenlx

ia nh~mcxoil ol zcrxom~kcr e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild arie 3?8> xi 3??4,

3,2 Coe}

Xfn coe} ia xfo} rn}ncrmf crn xi nvceoln xfn hnqnkizenlx ia }mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol

Fild Gild, ]znmoaomckky+ xfnrn tokk bn xfn }x~hy air xfn gny hroqnr} ia mfcldn ol e~}om nh~mcxoilm~rrom~k~e+ air nvcezkn xfn }~zzirxold arie xfn diqnrlenlx,

3,= Ib`nmxoqn}

Xfn ib`nmxoqn} ia xfn rn}ncrmf nlmiezc}} }nqnrck o}}~n}, Aor}xky+ xi }x~hy xfn milhoxoil} air

}mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild+ olmk~hold xfn }~zzirx zriqohold by xfn diqnrlenlx h~rold

xfn znroih ia Broxo}f rikn clh caxnr ox tc} rnx~rlnh xi Mfolc ol 3??4, ]nmilhky+ xi nvzkirn xfn

2


3/18

naanmxoqnln}} ia xfn nh~mcxoil zikomon} ia Broxcol clh ixfnr mi~lxron}+ xfcx fc} caanmxnh xfn nh~mcxoil

}y}xne clh e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild, Xforhky+ xfnrn tokk bn xfn olqn}xodcxoil xfn bckclmn clh

milxnlx ia xfn }mfiik e~}om m~rrom~k~e &n,d, Tn}xnrl clh Mfoln}n xrchoxoilck e~}om/, Aolckky+ xfnrn

tokk bn xfn nvzkircxoil ia xfn gny hroqnr} ia mfcldn ol e~}om nh~mcxoil m~rrom~k~e ol zroecry clh

}nmilhcry }mfiik} ol Fild Gild,

3,8 Xfn Rn}ncrmf S~n}xoil}

3, Tfcx o} xfn eo}}oil clh rcxoilckn ia xfn nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild9 Fit o} ox hn}odlnh

zrimn}}nh+ zkcllnh+ clh eclcdnh9

Xfn hcxc xi cl}tnr xfo} s~n}xoil tokk bn dcolnh arie xfn olxnrqont ia xfn diqnrlenlx }xcaa ol

Fild Gild+ c} tnkk c} ixfnr }i~rmn} }~mf c}+ diqnrlenlx him~enlx}+ biig}+ clh crxomkn} xfcx rnkcxn

xi xfn fo}xiry clh xfn z~rzi}n ia xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild,

2, Crn xfnrn cly }~zzirx} arie xfn Fild Gild diqnrlenlx ol xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne9

Xfn hcxc tokk bn mikknmxnh milmnrlold xfn }~zzirx arie diqnrlenlx xfri~df s~n}xoillcorn+

diqnrlenlx him~enlx}+ }~mf c} xfn nqck~cxoil rnzirx+ biig} clh crxomkn}, Eirniqnr+ xfn ~}na~k

olairecxoil arie xfn iaaomock tnbzcdn ia Fild Gild diqnrlenlx tokk bn ~}nh xi dnx xfn dnlnrck

olairecxoil cbi~x nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild,

=, Crn xfnrn cly i~x}ohn olak~nlmn} arie xfn ^loxnh Goldhie clh ixfnr mi~lxron} xfcx caanmx nh~mcxoil }y}xne clh e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild9

Xfnrn o} xi aolh xfn oezcmx arie ixfnr mi~lxron} il xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild+ c}

tnkk c} xfn oezcmx il e~}om nh~mcxoil, Ol irhnr xi aolh i~x cbi~x xfo} o}}~n+ xfnrn tokk bn xfn

ho}m~}}oil ia xfn acmxir} xfcx rnkcxnh xi xfn rn}ncrmf s~n}xoil, Xfn hcxc tokk bn dcolnh arie xfn

olxnrqont ia xfn diqnrlenlx }xcaa ol Fild Gild+ xfn him~enlx}+ biig+ clh crxomkn},

=


4/18

8, Fit tc} xfn bckclmn clh milxnlx ia xfn }mfiik e~}om m~rrom~k~e ol nh~mcxoil ol Fild

Gild9

Xfnrn tokk bn xfn ho}m~}}oil milmnrlold xfn xncmfold ia Tn}xnrl e~}om clh Mfoln}n

xrchoxoilck e~}om ol }mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild, Ox o} zi}}obkn xfcx ol irhnr xi dnx xfn

olairecxoil+ xfn bn}x tcy o} xi mikknmx xfn hcxc by milh~mx xfn olhoqoh~ck olxnrqont xi xfn

diqnrlenlx iaaomnr}, Xfn olairecxoil mcl bn mikknmxnh xfri~df xfn s~n}xoillcorn milmnrlold xfn

xncmfold ol }mfiik+ milxrob~xnh xi xfn xncmfnr} tfi xncmf ol zroecry }mfiik clh }nmilhcry }mfiik,

Eirniqnr+ xfn hcxc mcl bn dcolnh arie ixfnr rn}ncrmfn}+ clh crxomkn},

>, Tfcx tc} xfn i~x}ohn acmxir ia xfn hnqnkizenlx ol }mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild9

Xfnrn tokk bn c mil}ohnrcxoil c} xi tfcx xfn hoaanrnlx i~xmien arie xfn xncmfnr tfi

drch~cxnh arie hoaanrnlx znroih+ clh xfn cxxox~hn xitcrh znizkn ol }imonxy milmnrlold cbi~x }mfiik

e~}om xncmfold, Xfn olairecxoil mcl bn mikknmxnh by olmk~hn} s~n}xoillcorn milmnrlold xfn }mfiik

e~}om m~rrom~k~e clh cmxoqoxon}+ milxrob~xnh xi xfn xncmfnr} tfi xncmf ol zroecry }mfiik clh

}nmilhcry }mfiik,

3,> Enxfihikidy

Ol rnkcxoil xi xfo} golh ia rn}ncrmf+ xfn enxfihikidy nldcdnh air xfo} rn}ncrmf o} xfn

dcxfnrold ia bixf s~clxoxcxoqn clh s~ckoxcxoqn enxfihikidy clh zrn}nlxnh xfri~df c miebolcxoil ia

olxnrqont} clh s~n}xoillcorn}, Ol irhnr xi mikknmx ckk xfn olairecxoil+ xfn miebolcxoil ia xtienxfihikidon} tc} ~}nh bnmc~}n ia xfn qcroi~} golh} ia rn}ncrmf s~n}xoil,

Xfn s~clxoxcxoqn rn}ncrmf o} xfn czzrizrocxnh enxfih xi mikknmx acmx~ck hcxc arie xfn

nvznronlmn ia xfn rn}zilhnlx}, Fitnqnr+ s~ckoxcxoqn rn}ncrmf o} eirn aim~}nh il xfn }znmoaom

}ox~cxoil &Mifnl clh Ecloil+ 3??8/, S~ckoxcxoqn xnmflos~n xfcx mcl bn ~}nh o} xfn olxnrqont clh

s~clxoxcxoqn xnmflos~n xfcx mcl bn ~}nh o} xfn s~n}xoillcorn,

8


5/18

3,>,3 Olxnrqont

Xfn rn}ncrmf enxfih} }~mf c} olxnrqont milxnlx clcky}o} mikknmx s~ckoxcxoqn hcxc xfcx zriqohn

olairecxoil air xfn rn}ncrmfnr xi ohnlxoay xfn kido}xom iznrcxoil clh xfn zrolmozkn} xfcx fnkz xi nl}~rn

xfn s~ckoxy ia xfn olairecxoil &Mifnl clh Ecloil+ 3??8/, ,

Ol xfn olxnrqont} arie xfn doqnl rn}ncrmf hcxc+ znizkn tnrn }nknmxnh arie ceild xfi}n tfi

fch hornmx kolg} xi xfn nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild, Xfn rn}ncrmfnr olxnrqontnh air xfn hnxcok}

milmnrlold xfn hnqnkizenlx ia nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild, Xfn xti olxnrqont hcxc milxcolnh

l~enri~} mieeil s~n}xoil}+ b~x xfn zrimnh~rn} lnqnr xfn kn}} qcron}, Xi xfcx nlh+ xfn olxnrqont

zrimn}} olmk~hnh s~n}xoil} xfcx nlmi~rcdnh xfn }fcrold ia }xiron} cbi~x xfn olxnrqontnn} rikn ol

rnkcxoil xi nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild,

3,>,2 S~n}xoillcorn

Ol chhoxoil xi olxnrqont}+ olairecxoil tc} ck}i mikknmxnh arie s~n}xoillcorn}+ xfn z~rzi}n ia

tfomf tc} xi nvzkirn xfn e~}om xncmfold }ox~cxoil clh xfn e~}om m~rrom~k~e ol Zroecry clh

]nmilhcry }mfiik, E~mf ia xfo} olqikqnh znr}ilck izoloil, Xfn s~n}xoillcorn tc} ho}xrob~xnh xi

xncmfnr} ol zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik ol Fild Gild,

3,1 Mroxomck Rnqont

]okqnrecl }xcxnh xfcx Xfnrn crn li rodfx ir trild ol enxfih} xfcx ~}nh, Xfnrn crn ilky

enxfih} xfcx crn czzrizrocxn xi yi~r rn}ncrmf xizom clh xfn eihnk toxf tfomf yi~ crn tirgold&2::>0332/, Cmx~ckky+ ox o} zi}}obkn xi bn eirn clckyxomck ol xfo} rn}ncrmf, Bc}omckky+ ol xfn

rn}ncrmfnr } qont+ xfn zrimn}}n} ia mikknmxold xfn hcxc arie olxnrqontold xfn diqnrlenlx iaaomnr}

lcx~rckky knch xi xfn aolhold} clh rn}~kx} ia rn}ncrmf s~n}xoil}, Ixfnr enxfih} ia dcolold

olairecxoil ia hnzxf cbi~x xfn }mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild crn xi olqikqn clckypold xfn

olhoqoh~ck olxnrqont} toxf }ien xncmfnr} clh z~zok} ol }mfiik, Xfn olhoqoh~ck olxnrqont mcl

milh~mx by xfn ~}n ia xfn rclhie }cezkold ia xncmfnr} ol zroecry }mfiik clh }nmilhcry }mfiik+ clh

>


6/18

xfn z~zok} ol bixf knqnk}, Eirniqnr+ ox eodfx ck}i bn zi}}obkn xi olmk~hn ib}nrqcxoil} ol e~}om

mkc}}riie}+ c} tnkk c} him~enlxcry rn}ncrmf,

Xfn ecol aim~} il xfo} rn}ncrmf o} xi aolh i~x cbi~x xfn hnqnkizenlx clh xfn gny hroqnr ia

}mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild+ b~x xfnrn o} xfn xoen koeoxcxoil+ clh xfn kcmg ia }i~rmn}, ]i

xfcx+ ecolky ol xfo} crxomkn tc} xfn clcky}o} acmxir} ia xfn dnlnrck nh~mcxoil+ ol tfomf rnkcxnh xi xfn

}mfiik e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild, Ol irhnr xi zriqohn miezrnfnl}oqn milmnzx~ck }~zzirx air

xfo} rn}ncrmf+ c rnqont ia xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild+ tfomf o} cl oezirxclx c}znmx+ e~}x

bn rnqontnh, Xfnrn crn xfn qcroi~} golh} ia }i~rmn+ air ol}xclmn+ xnvxbiig}+ crxomkn}+ clh xfn

diqnrlenlx him~enlxcron}, Tfnl hiold xfn koxnrcx~rn rnqont+ ox mcl zriqohn c drncx hnck ia ~}na~k

olairecxoil xfcx rnkcxnh xi xfo} rn}ncrmf, Ox e~}x bn xfn ho}m~}}oil xi zriqohn xfn d~ohclmn air c

}oeokcr ir hoaanrnlx clcky}o} arie ixfnr rn}ncrmfnr+ xi bn miezcrnh toxf xfn olxnrqont} clh

s~n}xoillcorn hcxc+ tfomf xfn rn}ncrmfnr fc} dix, Xfnrnairn+ tfnl xfn koxnrcx~rn rnqont} crn hiln+

xfnrn o} e~mf }odloaomclx olairecxoil tfomf cdrnn} ir ho}cdrnn} arie xfn olxnrqont} hcxc ir xfn

s~n}xoillcorn hcxc, Aikkitold xfo}+ xfn rn}ncrmfnr mcl hi xfn miezcrcxoqn ia xfn olairecxoil xfcx

dcolnh arie ckk }i~rmn}+ clh xfnl aolh xfn milmk~}oil xi cl}tnr xfn rn}ncrmf s~n}xoil},

3,4 Gny aolhold} ia xfn rn}ncrmf

3,4,3 Xfn hnqnkizenlx ia xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild clh xfn }~zzirx arie xfn

DiqnrlenlxXfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ia Fild Gild olmirzircxn} c drncx hnck ia olak~nlmn arie xfn ^loxnh

Goldhie clh Mfolc, Bc}omckky+ xfn nh~mcxoilck olak~nlmn} arie xfn ^G zkcmnh nezfc}o} il

hoqnrdnlx xfolgold clh xfn hnqnkizenlx ia xfn olhoqoh~ck + tfnrnc} xfn nh~mcxoilck olak~nlmn} arie

Mfolc zkcmnh nezfc}o} il milqnrdnlx xfolgold clh hnqnkizenlx ia xfn miee~loxy &Mfn%kn~ld+

3??4+ Czznlhov 3:%30>/

1


7/18

H~rold xfn znroih ia mikilopcxoil+ xfn Broxo}f Diqnrlenlx zkcllnh xi rnzrih~mold Broxo}f

nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild &Xizkny+ 3??4+ Czznlhov 3:%803/+ }i xfny nezkiynh cl Nh~mcxoil Chqo}ir

toxf xfn z~rzi}n ia mrncxold xfn lnt nh~mcxoil zikomy ol Fild Gild, Xfn xti olxnrqontnn} cdrnnh

xfcx xfnrn tc} li }znmoaom enmfclo}e ol Fild Gild xi }x~hy nh~mcxoilck zrcmxomn} arie iqnr}nc}

&Mfn%kn~ld+ 3??47 Xizkny+ 3??4/, Ol}xnch+ ol xfn 3?4:} clh xfn 3?6:}+ c xrcolold zridrceen cx xfn

Ol}xox~xn ia Nh~mcxoil+ Kilhil ^loqnr}oxy tc} echn cqcokcbkn xi xfn }xcaa ia xfn Nh~mcxoil

Hnzcrxenlx ol Fild Gild xi }x~hy cbrich ol dnlnrck clh }znmoaom }~b`nmx},

Xfnrn crn xti acmxir} mil}ohnrnh gny xi nh~mcxoilck mfcldn ol Fild Gild+ aor}xky+ xfn

n}xcbko}fenlx ia xti }nmrnxcron}+ iln air ]imock ]nrqomn} clh xfn ixfnr air Nh~mcxoil clh

Eclzitnr, Xfn }nmilh acmxir tc} xfn n}xcbko}fenlx ia cl Nh~mcxoil Mieeo}}oil ol xfn 3?6:},

]olmn xfnl+ xfn Nh~mcxoil Hnzcrxenlx ol Fild Gild fc} xcgnl xfn rn}zil}obokoxy air xfn

mil}xox~xoil ia nh~mcxoil zikomy, A~rxfnreirn+ xfnrn crn c l~ebnr ia chqo}iry bihon} il nh~mcxoil

ol Fild Gild+ tfomf fnkz xi aire~kcxn xfn m~rrom~k~e zikomy+ }~mf c}+ xfn Nh~mcxoil Mieeo}}oil+

c zclnk ia nh~mcxoilcko}x}+ zikoxomocl}+ diqnrlenlx iaaomock}+ clh xfn M~rrom~k~e Hnqnkizenlx

Mi~lmok &MHM/ &Chce}il clh Eirro}+ 3??6/,

Caxnr xfn rnx~rl ia Fild Gild xi xfn Znizkn$} Rnz~bkom ia Mfolc+ xfn Nh~mcxoil

Mieeo}}oil ia Fild Gild ol mikkcbircxoil toxf xfn Nh~mcxoil zikomy ia Mfolc }xcxnh xfcx xfnrn

ti~kh bn c rnaire ia nh~mcxoil zikomy ol Fild Gild ~}old zrcmxomck clh milxnvx~ck znhcdidomck

}xrcxndon}, Xfn}n coenh xi oezriqn }x~hnlx kncrlold cx xfn mkc}}riie knqnk+ clh ox o} nqohnlx arie

xfn Zridrn}} Rnzirx il xfn Nh~mcxoil Rnaire &8/ xfcx Il%}oxn ]~zzirx xi ]mfiik} ol M~rrom~k~etc} ~}nh0

Xfn hnqnkizenlx }znmock aim~} tokk bn doqnl xi xfn olxnracmn bnxtnnl xfn zroecry clh

}nmilhcry nh~mcxoil c} tnkk c} xfn qnrxomck zridrn}}oil clh firopilxck mifnrnlmn ia xfn

}mfiik%bc}nh m~rrom~k~e bc}nh il xfn olxndrck milmnzxoil} ia xncmfnr hnqnkizenlx clh

m~rrom~k~e hnqnkizenlx cx xfn }mfiik knqnk, &]nmxoil 80 ]~zzirx air ]mfiik}+ 2::1/

4


8/18

3,4,2 Olak~nlmn} arie ixfnr mi~lxron} xfcx oezcmx il xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild

Bc}nh il xfn olxnrqont hcxc+ ox }nne} xfcx xfnrn tc} }ien oezcmx arie xfn ^loxnh ]xcxn}+

C~}xrckoc+ clh @czcl+ b~x zcrxom~kcrky Mfn%kn~ld &3??4/ caaorenh xfcx xfn ^loxnh Goldhie &^,G,/

fch ei}x olak~nlmn il Fild Gild &Czznlhov 3:%302/, Xfo} nqohnlmn} }xne} arie xfn fo}xiry clh

zikoxomck millnmxoil} bnxtnnl xfn ^loxnh Goldhie clh Fild Gild, Xfo} fc} milxol~nh toxf xfn

n}xcbko}fenlx ia miiznrcxoil bnxtnnl xfn Kilhil DMN Bicrh clh xfn Fild Gild Nvceolcxoil}

C~xfiroxy, Xfnrnairn+ }nqnrck nknenlx} arie xfn Broxo}f Lcxoilck M~rrom~k~e tnrn ck}i ~}nh ol xfn

Fild Gild m~rrom~k~e, Xfn}n olmk~hn aor}xky+ xfn milmnzx ia c mieeil mirn m~rrom~k~e zriqohold

ns~ck nh~mcxoil izzirx~loxon} air ckk z~zok}, ]nmilhky+ xfn }~zzirx air }~b`nmx xncmfold xi fnkz b~okh

~z xfn xrchoxoilck }~b`nmx xncmfold ol Fild Gild, Xfn chqclxcdn ia xfn hnqnkizenlx ia xfo}

milmnzx o} xfcx ox zriqohn} milxol~oxy air z~zok} cx ckk knqnk}, Kc}xky+ xfnrn fc} hnqnkiznh cl

nezfc}o} il mroxnroil%rnanrnlmn xn}xold clh c }fcrznr aim~} il xncmfold clh c}}n}}enlx, Fitnqnr+

xfn Fild Gild Nvceolcxoil} C~xfiroxy ck}i hnqnkiznh ox} itl }~b`nmx} rnaknmxold xfn lnnh} ia

Fild Gild z~zok} clh fcqold ox itl} mfcrcmxnro}xom},

Chce}il clh Eirro} zrn}nlxnh cl oezirxclx ho}m~}}oil ia xfo} o}}~n xfcx Fild Gild }

m~rrom~k~e fc} ck}i bnnl fncqoky olak~nlmnh by ox} zrivoeoxy clh rnkcxoil}foz toxf Mfolc+ WU

&3??60368/+ tfokn Brcy &3??3/ }~ddn}xnh xfcx xfn}n olak~nlmn} zroecroky milmnrl xfn m~kx~rck

xrchoxoil} ia Mfolc, Mfn%kn~ld &3??4/ ziolxnh i~x xfcx toxf rnanrnlmn xi xfn oezcmx arie Mfolc

xfnrn tc} mil}ohnrcbkn olak~nlmn il dnlnrck coe} ia nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild+ ol irhnr xi zriqohn

xfn xncmfold ia xrchoxoilck Mfoln}n,

3,4,= Xfn Enho~e ia ol}xr~mxoil clh E~}om Nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild

Ol Fild Gild+ Mclxiln}n clh Nldko}f crn xfn xti iaaomock kcld~cdn}+ xfn airenr bnold xfn

ei}x tohnky }zignl hocknmx clh xfn kcxxnr bnold eirn mieeilky ~}nh air b~}oln}}, Tfokn Fi

&3???/ }~ddn}xnh xfcx ei}x ia xfn olxnrlcxoilck }mfiik} clh Mfoln}n }mfiik} ol Fild Gild ~}n

Nldko}f air ol}xr~mxoil, Xizkny &3??4/ enlxoilnh xfcx Mclxiln}n tc} xfn enho~e ia ol}xr~mxoil ol

6


9/18

Fild Gild, Fitnqnr+ ei}x zcrnlx} ol Fild Gild cheoxxnh xfcx xfny dnlnrckky zrnanrrnh Nldko}f

enho~e xi bn ~}nh ol }mfiik+ c} xfny mil}ohnr xfcx ox ti~kh knch xi bnxxnr koan milhoxoil}+ air

nvcezkn+ }ckcry+ clh nezkiyenlx, Eirniqnr+ xfny bnkonqn xfcx z~zok} tfi drch~cxn xfri~df

Nldko}f enho~e tokk ck}i fcqn eirn izzirx~loxon} xi milxol~n xfnor }x~hy cbrich, A~rxfnr+ eohhkn

mkc}} zcrnlx} ck}i hn}orn drncxnr nvznmxcxoil} air xfnor mfokhrnl clh }nnold nh~mcxoil c} xfn ecol

milh~ox xi cmfonqn xfn}n &Chce}il clh Eirro}+ 3??6036=/,

C} c rn}~kx+ xfo} mcl bn knch xi zribkne} milmnrlold xfn xncmfold ia Tn}xnrl clh Mfoln}n

xrchoxoilck e~}om, Olhnnh+ tfokn Fild Gild coe} xi olmirzircxn bixf Tn}xnrl clh Mfoln}n

mkc}}omck e~}om xrchoxoil} &Brclh clh Fi+ 3??:02=:/+ ei}x xncmfnr} ol }nmilhcry }mfiik }~ddn}x

xfcx xfn xncmfold ia Mfoln}n xrchoxoilck e~}om tc} ~l}~mmn}}a~k &Czznlhov 1%202:/, Czzcrnlxky+ ox

}nne} xfcx xfn z~zok} crn lix olxnrn}xnh ol Mfoln}n e~}om c} xfny mil}ohnr Mfoln}n xrchoxoilck e~}om

xi bn ikh ac}foilnh, Eirniqnr+ clixfnr o}}~n milmnrl} xfn kcmg ia e~}omck glitknhdn ol Mfoln}n

e~}om ia xfn xncmfnr} xfne}nkqn}+ toxf c kcmg ia rnanrnlmn clh }~zzirxold ecxnrock} ol }mfiik,

Fitnqnr+ Ecl &2::6/ enlxoilnh xfcx h~rold fo} }x~hy ol Fild Gild fn tc} xc~dfx xi }old ir

ko}xnl xi bixf Tn}xnrl clh Mfoln}n e~}om }~mf c} _n}xnrhcy clh }ien xrchoxoilck Mfoln}n }ild}

clh xfn e~}om xnvxbiig xi xncmf ~} xfn }ild clh xfn biig fc} acorky >:%>:. ia Mfoln}n clh

Nldko}f }ild} &Olxnrqont+ Czznlhov C/

Arie xfn rn}ncrmf ia Brclh clh Fi+ xfn Nh~mcxoil Hnzcrxenlx fc} xronh xi }ikqn xfo}

zribkne by zriqohold xfn }~zzirx+ }~mf c} irdclopnh xfn tirg}fiz} xi oezriqn xfn xncmfnr}

cbokoxon} xi kncrl fit xi zkcy Mfoln}n ol}xr~enlx}, Lilnxfnkn}}+ xfn zribkne} }xokk rnecol+ clh xfnylixn xfcx0

Mfce%Kco &3??6/ rnzirx} xfcx xfn}n tirg}fiz} tnrn ziirky cxxnlhnh clh Fi &3??1/ ai~lh

xfcx e~}om xncmfnr} tnrn hnqixold qnry koxxkn xoen xi xncmfold Mfoln}n e~}om, WU+ Fild

Gild xncmfnr} hneil}xrcxnh koxxkn ir li olxnrn}x ol Mfoln}n e~}om+ iaxnl miqnrold ox qnry

}~znraomockky ol kn}}il}, Fild Gild xncmfnr} iaxnl moxn ol}~aaomonlx xrcolold clh kcmg ia

?


10/18

czzrizrocxn xncmfold ecxnrock} c} rnc}il} air xfn kcmg ia Mfoln}n e~}om ol xfnor }mfiik},

&3???02=:/

Chhoxoilckky+ caxnr rnx~rl xi xfn Znizkn$} Rnz~bkom ia Mfolc+ xfn e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild

Gild zkcmnh eirn nezfc}o} il Mfoln}n xrchoxoilck e~}om, Fitnqnr+ xfnrn crn mil}ohnrcbkn

zfoki}izfomck hoaanrnlmn} clh+ cmmirhold xi Brclh clh Fi+ xfnrn o} li nqohnlmn xi }~zzirx xfn

lixoil xfcx Fild Gild e~}om nh~mcxir} crn nvznmxnh xi milxrob~xn xi ir olak~nlmn }mfiik e~}om

nh~mcxoil c} zrcmxomnh ol Mfolc, &3???02=:/, Xfny a~rxfnr }xcxnh xfcx xfn e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Mfolc

clh Fild Gild tc} aim~}nh il }x~hyold Tn}xnrl mkc}}omck e~}om+ xfri~df ko}xnlold+ }oldold+

lixcxoil+ rnchold clh ol}xr~enlxck zkcyold, Fitnqnr+ e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Mfolc zrn}nlx} xfn

milmnzx} ia lcxoilcko}xom clh zcxroixom ohnikidy+ tfomf hoh lix ancx~rn ol Fild Gild,

3,4,8 ]mfiik E~}om M~rrom~k~e ol Zroecry }mfiik clh ]nmilhcry }mfiik

Xfn n}xcbko}fenlx ia xfn e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild imm~rrnh h~rold xfn 3?4:}+ clh knh

xi xfn fizn xi cmfonqn fodf }xclhcrh} ol e~}om clh doqn }~mf izzirx~loxon} xi c tohn }tcxfn ia

Fild Gild z~zok} &Czznlhov 3:%80=/, Fitnqnr+ xfnrn rnecol ecly o}}~n} nldnlhnrnh by xfo}

hnqnkizenlx,

Aor}xky+ ol rnkcxoil xi xfn m~rrom~k~e crnc} miqnrnh ol zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik} ol

Fild Gild, Xfn hcxc arie xfn s~n}xoillcorn} ai~lh xfcx ]oldold+ Zoxmf Xrcolold+ clh Rfyxfe

Xrcolold crn xfn ei}x mieeil crnc} milh~mxnh rnd~kcrky ol zroecry }mfiik+ tfnrnc} ol }nmilhcry}mfiik xfnrn crn ]oldold+ clh Ko}xnlold xi Tn}xnrl E~}om,

]nmilhky+ xfn s~n}xoillcorn ck}i olhomcxnh xfcx xfn zroecry }mfiik xncmfnr}+ tfi xrcolnh ol

3?>:}%3?4:}+ xnlh xi fcqn xfn kcmgnh ia milaohnlmn xncmfold Rnmirhnr+ E~}om ! Eiqnenlx clh

Mroxomck E~}om Ecgold+ tfnrnc} xncmfnr} tfi xrcolnh ol 3?6:}%3??:}+ xnlh xi fcqn eirn milaohnlmn

&Czznlhov >%206%?/, A~rxfnr+ ei}x xncmfnr} ol }nmilhcry }mfiik ck}i kcmgnh milaohnlmn clh fch xfn

zribkne ia ant }~zzirxold ecxnrock}, Ecl &2::6/ }xcxnh xfcx ol fo} }mfiik+ Xfn xncmfnr tfi

3:


11/18

xncmfn} e~}om+ o} xfn dnlnrck xncmfnr+ xfny xncmf ixfnr }~b`nmx} c} tnkk, B~x+ xfny xnlh xi fcqn eirn

glitknhdn ol ixfnr }~b`nmx}+ rcxfnr xfnl e~}om &Olxnrqont+ Czznlhov C/, Olhnnh+ ei}x xncmfnr} crn

qnry ~lmieairxcbkn cbi~x xfn xfold} xfcx xfny hi lix annk aceokocr toxf+ clh c} xfny ck}i kcmgnh

milaohnlmn xfny hoh lix xcgn cmxoil e~mf ol xfi}n crnc},

Ol chhoxoil+ xforhky+ c} mcl bn }nnl arie xfn s~n}xoillcorn rn}~kx}+ xfnrn crn lix ecly

xncmfnr} xrcolnh ol 3?6:}%3??:} zcrxomozcxold ol e~}omck cmxoqoxon}+ an}xoqck}+ clh mieznxoxoil}, Xfn

rnc}il o} bnmc~}n ia c kcmg ia milaohnlmn clh nvznronlmn air eclcdold }~mf fodf%}xclhcrh nqnlx}

&Czznlhov >%2028/, By milxrc}x+ fitnqnr+ xfnrn crn l~enri~} xncmfnr} xrcolnh ol 3?>:}%3?4:} tfi

}nlh z~zok} xi zcrxomozcxn ol xfn e~}om an}xoqck} ir nvxrc%m~rrom~kc cmxoqoxon}, Ox }nne} xfcx tfnl

xncmfnr} fcqn eirn glitknhdn clh nvznronlmn+ xfny }nne eirn tokkold xi xncmf clh milh~mx ol

xfi}n crnc},

Aolckky+ milmnrlold xfn }~zzirx arie xfn Fild Gild Diqnrlenlx ol e~}om }~b`nmx ecxxnr+

Kce &2::6/ lixnh xfcx xfn diqnrlenlx hin} koxxkn xi zrieixn xfn oezriqnenlx ia e~}om

czzrnmocxoil+ clh lnoxfnr xfn diqnrlenlx lir zcrnlx} tnrn nlmi~rcdold z~zok} xi chqclmn

xfne}nkqn} ol xfn e~}om tirkh, Olhnnh+ ox o} zi}}obkn xfcx diqnrlenlxck ir zcrnlxck cxxox~hn} hi lix

zrieixn e~}om }x~hy cx ckk &Ecl+ 2::6/,

3,6 Milmk~}oil} ia xfn rn}ncrmf

Ol milmk~}oil+ xfnrn crn xfrnn ecol ziolx} arie xfn rn}ncrmf, Aor}xky+ Broxcol clh Mfolc crn

ei}x olak~nlxock mi~lxry il xfn nh~mcxoil }y}xne ol Fild Gild+ b~x xfnrn o} li nqohnlmn xi }fitxfn hornmx oezcmx il e~}om nh~mcxoil, Olhnnh+ Fild Gild hnqnkiznh ox} itl nh~mcxoil }y}xne clh

e~}om m~rrom~k~e tfomf tnrn ~}nh ol }mfiik}, ]nmilhky+ xfnrn o} nqohnlmn xi }fit xfcx xfn Fild

Gild diqnrlenlx zriqohn} }~zzirx xi fnkz }mfiik} xi hnqnkiz xfn dnlnrck nh~mcxoil+ b~x xfnrn o}

lix nli~df }~zzirx toxf nezfc}o} il xfn e~}om m~rrom~k~e, Aolckky+ xfn cxxox~hn} ia xfn znizkn ol

}imonxy+ }~mf c} zcrnlx} mcl bn c }xrild olak~nlmn il xfn xncmfold ia e~}om ol bixf zroecry clh

}nmilhcry }mfiik ol Fild Gild,

33


12/18

3,? Rnmieenlhcxoil}

Xfn ei}x oezirxclx c}znmx air mil}ohnrcxoil milmnrl} xfn oezriqnenlx ia }mfiik e~}om

nh~mcxoil}+ fitnqnr tfokn xfn crd~enlx cbi~x xfo} o}}~n }xokk rnecol} c zribkne+ iln rnenhy

}ik~xoil cx xfo} }xcdn o} xfcx xfn Nh~mcxoil Mieeo}}oil xcgn} cl oezirxclx rikn ol ecgold hnmo}oil}

cbi~x xfn nh~mcxoil zikomy clh fit xi r~l xfn nh~mcxoil cmxoqoxon} ol Fild Gild, Ol ey izoloil+

xfny }fi~kh }~zzirx ckk ia }mfiik}+ bixf ol nh~mcxoil }y}xne clh }mfiik cmxoqoxon}+ n}znmockky ol

e~}om mkc}}n}+ by zriqohold nli~df rn}i~rmn} ol irhnr xi fnkz xfne }~mmnnh, Eirniqnr+ xfny lnnh

xi chhrn}} milmnrl} cbi~x xfn naanmxoqn }mfiik e~}om m~rrom~k~e+ tfomf zriqohn} xfn bc}o} air xfn

kn}}il} ol irhnr xi oezriqn xfn s~ckoxy ia e~}om xncmfold,

Ol xfn }cen tcy+ xfn }mfiik} xfne}nkqn} }fi~kh ck}i zriqohn }i~rmn} ia }~zzirx air e~}om

xncmfnr}+ }~mf c} e~}om xnvxbiig}+ ns~ozenlx+ clh ~}na~k ecxnrock}, Ox o} hoaaom~kx air xncmfnr} xi

hn}odl xfn mkc}}riie cmxoqoxon} ol cmmirhclmn toxf xfn z~zok} olxnrn}x}+ tfokn xfn xncmfold ecxnrock}

crn lnoxfnr brclh lnt lir }cxo}acmxiry, Xfo} tokk zriqohn c drncxnr rcldn ia izzirx~loxon}+ clh mrncxn

eirn naanmxoqn xncmfold, A~rxfnreirn+ xfnrn }fi~kh bn eirn xrcolold zridrceen} air e~}om

xncmfnr}+ tfi }fi~kh fcqn c e~}om xncmfold s~ckoaomcxoil xi xncmf ol }mfiik, Xfn naanmxoqn e~}om

xncmfnr} e~}x miezknxn ~loqnr}oxy } rns~ornenlx} air c hndrnn ol e~}om ir e~}om nh~mcxoil clh

e~}x hneil}xrcxn glitknhdn ia xfn e~}omck }~b`nmx }~mf c} fo}xiry ia e~}om clh koxnrcx~rn+ e~}om

xfniry+ miezi}oxoil+ oezriqo}cxoil+ irmfn}xrcxoil clh milh~mxold, Olhnnh+ xfny }fi~kh fcqn diih

miee~lomcxoil }gokk}+ zrian}}oilcko}e+ zkcllold }gokk}+ e~}omocl}foz+ clh c kiqn ia mfokhrnl &Rnoh+

2::3/,

Tirh mi~lx0 =+=:?

32


13/18

Czznlhov C0 Olxnrqont toxf Xcld Zig+ Ecl

Olxnrqont Hcxc

Hcxn0 24 Anbr~cry 2::6

3, Ol yi~r izoloil+ tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild h~rold yi~r xoen ia }x~hy9

Cl}tnr Xfn e~}om mkc}} o} miez~k}iry air ~}, H~rold zroecry }mfiik+ tn fch e~}om mkc}} }olmn

zroecry iln, H~rold fodf }mfiik+ tn ilky fch e~}om mkc}}n} arie }nmilhcry 3 xi =, Tn fcqn iln ir

xti e~}om mkc}} ncmf tnng clh tn golh ia eovnh ko}xnlold ir }oldold xidnxfnr h~rold xfn kn}}il},

2, Ol yi~r izoloil+ crn xfnrn cly acmxir} xfcx fcqn oezcmx il e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild9

&Diqnrlenlx+ cxxox~hn ia zcrnlx%}imonxy+ nxm/ Cl}tnr O hil x xfolg xfcx xfn diqnrlenlx ir zcrnlx} cxxox~hn tnrn zrieixn xfn e~}om }x~hy, Ox }

xixckky cbi~x xfn }mfiik clh xncmfnr tfi fnkz xi irdclopn xfn e~}om cmxoqoxon} ol }mfiik,

=, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfold e~}om tfnl yi~ tnrn }x~honh ol zroecry clh }nmilhcry

}mfiik9

Cl}tnr Xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfold e~}om tc} rnckky diih, Xfn xncmfnr tfi xncmfn} e~}om+ o} xfn

dnlnrck xncmfnr+ xfny xncmf ixfnr }~b`nmx} c} tnkk, B~x+ xfny xnlh xi fcqn eirn glitknhdn ol ixfnr

}~b`nmx+ rcxfnr xfnl e~}om,

8, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn xncmfnr } cbokoxy ia xncmfold e~}om ol Zroecry clh

]nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr Xfn xncmfnr cbokoxy tc} diih clh xfny fch glitknhdncbkn ia e~}om }~b`nmx, Ol ey

}nmilhcry }mfiik O ai~lh xfcx xfn xncmfnr tc} diih+ }fn fch cbokoxon} xi xncmf e~}om mkc}} c} }fn

drch~cxnh arie xfn e~}om }mfiik,

>, Ol yi~r izoloil+ tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn mfckknldn} ia xncmfold xfn e~}om xi xfn mfokhrnl }olmn xfny

tnrn qnry yi~ld9

Cl}tnr O xfolg ox o} diih ohnc+ b~x lix ecly znizkn milmnrl cbi~x xfn}n, Litchcy} ol Fild Gild+

goh} cxxnlh eirn nvxrc mkc}} i~x}ohn }mfiik+ air nvcezkn Nldko}f+ Ecxf+ ]monlmn, Xfnrn o} lix ecly

znizkn }x~hy crx ir e~}om cx ckk c} O glit,

1, Crn xfnrn cly }~zzirx} arie Fild Gild diqnrlenlx ol xfn hnqnkizenlx ia xfn }mfiik e~}om

m~rrom~k~e9 &]~mf c} xfn milmnrx+ e~}om an}xoqck o} xfn diqnrlenlx }~zzirx il xfi}n cmxoqoxon} ir lix9/

3=


14/18

Cl}tnr O hi lix glit clyxfold cbi~x xfo} o}}~n, B~x ey zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik irdclopnh

}ien e~}omck }fit ilmn c yncr,

4, Arie yi~r }x~hyold nvznronlmn ol xfn Zroecry clh ]nmilhcry }mfiik+ tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn

e~}om cmxoqoxon} xfcx zriqohnh xi z~zok} ol }mfiik9 Cl}tnr O tc} xc~dfx xi zkcy rnmirhnr clh ck}i xi }old ir ko}xnl xi bixf Tn}xnrl clh Mfoln}n e~}om

}~mf c} _n}xnrhcy clh }ien xrchoxoilck Mfoln}n }ild}, Ey zroecry }mfiik fch c znrm~}}oil bclh

clh c mfior, Ey }nmilhcry }mfiik fch c kix ia e~}om dri~z}+ }~mf c} znrm~}}oil+ irmfn}xrc+ clh

mfior,


acmokoxon} clh ns~ozenlx} air xncmfold e~}om ol }mfiik9 Cl}tnr Tfnl xfn xncmfnr xc~dfx ~} xi }old ir zkcy e~}om+ xfny }oezky aikkitnh xfn e~}om xnvxbiig

xi xncmf ~} xfn }ild clh xfn biig fc} acorky >:%>:. ia Mfoln}n clh Nldko}f }ild},

?, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en yi~r izoloil cbi~x xfn }x~hnlx } cmfonqnenlx arie xfn e~}om mkc}}riie ol zroecry

cx }nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr O hil x xfolg xfcx tn cmfonqnh e~mf cbi~x xfn e~}omck glitknhdn, H~rold ey }x~hy+ tn

kncrl ilky }ien bc}om e~}om glitknhdn `~}x kogn xfn kitnr knqnk ia xfn e~}om xfniry nvce, Xfn

}mfiik nvceolcxoil tc} zrn}nlxnh xri~df troxxnl nvce+ ol irhnr xi xn}x i~r e~}om glitknhdn+ air

nvcezkn kogn troxold $m h d,,,,$+ ko}xnl xi xfn e~}om xfnl cl}tnr xfn lcen ia xfn }ild+ xfn

ol}xr~enlxck+ nxm,

3:, Mi~kh yi~ doqn en xfn izoloil clh }~ddn}xoil}+ fit xi oezriqn xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfold e~}om ol

zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr Ol ey izoloil+ tn fch s~oxn zrcmxomck mkc}} ol xfn }nl}n xfcx tn fcqn xfn mfclmn xi }old clh

zkcy xfn rnmirhnr ol xfn mkc}}, B~x air xfn xfniry mkc}}+ tn kncrlnh ox b~x ei}x ia ~} hil$x glit fit

xi czzky ox kcxnr, Xfny crn `~}x }i bc}om+ }i xfo} e~}x bn xfn xfold xfcx lnnh} xi mfcldn, O xfolg xfcx

lix ecly z~zok} arie zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik olxnrn}xold il e~}omck }x~hy, Xfn diqnrlenlx

}fi~kh fnkz xi zrieixn xfo} }~b`nmx c} e~mf c} xfny mcl,

Czznlhov B0 Olxnrqont toxf ]crcf+ Kce

Olxnrqont Hcxc

38


15/18

Hcxn0 32 Ecrmf 2::6

3, Ol yi~r izoloil+ tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild h~rold yi~r xoen ia }x~hy9

Cl}tnr H~rold zroecry }mfiik+ e~}om mkc}} o} iln ia ey acqiroxn mkc}}n} bnmc~}n ox tc} qnry

rnkcvold, Fitnqnr+ ox dix fcrhnr air en miezcrnh xi ixfnr mkc}}n} tfnl xfn xncmfnr }xcrxnh xncmfolde~}omck lixn} }olmn O hoh lix zkcy cly e~}omck ol}xr~enlx}, H~rold fodf }mfiik+ tn ilky fch

eclhcxiry e~}om mkc}}n} arie Aire 3 xi Aire =, O ilky rnenebnr xfcx tn kncrlnh c kix ia e~}om

fo}xiry h~rold mkc}} clh ox tc} lix qnry olxnrn}xold cx ckk,

2, Ol yi~r izoloil+ crn xfnrn cly acmxir} xfcx fcqn oezcmx il e~}om nh~mcxoil ol Fild Gild9

&Diqnrlenlx+ cxxox~hn ia zcrnlx%}imonxy+ nxm/

Cl}tnr O hil x xfolg xfcx xfn diqnrlenlx ir zcrnlx} tnrn nlmi~rcdold z~zok} xi chqclmn xfne}nkqn}ol xfn e~}om tirkh, O fcrhky mcl rnmckk cly ia ey }mfiik ecxn} tfi tclxnh xi bnmien c e~}omocl

tfnl xfny drit ~z,

=, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfold e~}om tfnl yi~ tnrn }x~honh ol zroecry clh }nmilhcry

}mfiik9

Cl}tnr Xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfnr} tc} cmx~ckky zrnxxy diih, Ey }nmilhcry }mfiik tc} cl Nldko}f

xncmfold }mfiik clh O lixomnh xfcx ei}x ia xfnor Nldko}f o} c kix bnxxnr xfcl ixfnr xncmfnr} bnmc~}n

xfny }x~honh cbrich cx airnodl mi~lxron} kogn ^]+ G+ Mclchc+ nxm, Ox rnckky fnkznh z~zok} ol xnre ia

hnkoqnrold xfn }~b`nmx ol mkc}},

8, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn xncmfnr } cbokoxy ia xncmfold e~}om ol Zroecry clh

]nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr Xfnor cbokoxy tc} zrnxxy diih clh qnry glitknhdncbkn ol xfn e~}om }~b`nmx,

>, Ol yi~r izoloil+ tfcx hi yi~ xfolg cbi~x xfn mfckknldn} ia xncmfold xfn e~}om xi xfn mfokhrnl }olmn xfny

tnrn qnry yi~ld9

Cl}tnr Ol Fild Gild+ z~zok} crn qnry }xrn}}a~k toxf xfnor }mfiik nqnl xfi~df xfny crn ol zroecry

}mfiik, O lixomn xfcx zcrnlx} brold xfnor goh} xi dnx nvxrc x~xirold ol G~eil ir ixfnr x~xirold }nrqomn

xi oezriqn xfnor Ecxf ir Nldko}f, Xfn }x~hnlx } xoen bnmien} qnry koeoxnh oa xfny crn kncrlold

e~}omck ol}xr~enlx} il xiz ia xfnor }x~hon},

1, Crn xfnrn cly }~zzirx} arie Fild Gild diqnrlenlx ol xfn hnqnkizenlx ia xfn }mfiik e~}om

m~rrom~k~e9 &]~mf c} xfn milmnrx+ e~}om an}xoqck o} xfn diqnrlenlx }~zzirx il xfi}n cmxoqoxon} ir lix9/

3>


16/18

Cl}tnr O hi lix rnmckk clh ce ctcrn ia oa xfnrn tnrn cly }~b}ohopnh milmnrx ir e~}om an}xoqck by xfn

diqnrlenlx cx ckk,


e~}om cmxoqoxon} xfcx zriqohnh xi z~zok} ol }mfiik9 Cl}tnr Ey }mfiik hoh zriqohn }ien golh ia qoikol mkc}}n} clh xfn zromn o} mfncznr xfcl i~x}ohn,

Fitnqnr+ xfnrn o} li diih olmnlxoqn xi xcgn xfi}n mkc}}n} cx }mfiik }i xfn zcrxomozcxold rcxn tc}

zrnxxy kit,


acmokoxon} clh ns~ozenlx} air xncmfold e~}om ol }mfiik9

Cl}tnr Xfn acmokoxon} clh ns~ozenlx} crn chns~cxn b~x lix drncx,

?, Mi~kh yi~ xnkk en yi~r izoloil cbi~x xfn }x~hnlx } cmfonqnenlx arie xfn e~}om mkc}}riie ol zroecry

cx }nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr O hil x rnckky glit cly }x~hnlx tfi fch cmfonqnenlx arie xfn e~}om mkc}}riie, I~r

}nmilhcry }mfiik fc} c xcknlx }fit nqnry yncr clh c kix ia z~zok} }cld ol xfn milxn}x, Xf~}+ O ilky

glit z~zok} tfi mi~kh }old qnry tnkk b~x xfcx o} lixfold rnkcxnh xi zkcyold cly golh ia e~}omck

ol}xr~enlx,

3:, Mi~kh yi~ doqn en xfn izoloil clh }~ddn}xoil}+ fit xi oezriqn xfn s~ckoxy ia xncmfold e~}om ol

zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik9

Cl}tnr O xfolg xfn cxxox~hn ia xfn dnlnrck }imonxy lnnh xi mfcldn, Ol chhoxoil+ O hil x annk xfcx xfn

diqnrlenlx o} hiold clyxfold nvxrc xi zrieixn xfn oezriqnenlx ia e~}om czzrnmocxoil by z~zok},

A~rxfnreirn+ z~zok} ol zroecry clh }nmilhcry }mfiik aim~} ei}x ia xfnor xoen il }x~hyold clh hi

lix fcqn c kix ia xoen air nvxrc m~rrom~k~e cmxoqoxon},

Bobkoidrczfy by EFRC

Hcxc ]nx

% Rn}~kx ia S~n}xoillcorn il xfn Xncmfold ia E~}om ol Zroecry ]mfiik Wil Fild GildU

&3??=/+ Czznlhov >%2

31


17/18

% Rn}~kx ia S~n}xoillcorn il xfn Xncmfold ia E~}om ol ]nmilhcry ]mfiik Wil Fild GildU

&3??=/+ Czznlhov 1%2

% Olxnrqont toxf M,K,Fi &3??4/+ Czznlhov 3:%3

% Olxnrqont toxf G,Xizkny &3??4/+ Czznlhov 3:%8

Biig

% Chce}il+ Bib+ clh Eirro}+ Zc~k+ Zroecry ]mfiikold ol Fild Gild ol Xfn Zroecry

M~rrom~k~e0 Kncrlold arie olxnrlcxoilck znr}znmxoqn} + Nh, by @clnx Eiykn} clh Kolhc

Fcrdrncqn} &Kilhil0 Ri~xknhdn+ 3??6/+ zz,363%2:8

% Brcy+ Ecrg+ Fild Gild Nh~mcxoil ol cl Olxnrlcxoilck Milxnvx0 Xfn oezcmx ia Nvxnrlck

Airmn} ol Fild Gild Bnmieold Mfolc0 Xfn Xrcl}oxoil xi 3??4+ Nh~mcxoil clh ]imonxy ol

Fild Gild0 Xitcrh Iln Mi~lxry clh Xti ]y}xne}+ Nh, by Dnrcrh C, Zi}xodkoiln &Kilhil0

Cl Nc}x Dcxn Biig+ 3??3/ zz,6=%?8

% Mifnl+ Ki~o}+ clh Ecloil+ Kctrnlmn+ Rn}ncrmf Enxfih} ol Nh~mcxoil + 8xf Nh, &Kilhil0

Ri~xknhdn+ 3??8/

% Emgnrlcl+ @cen}+M~rrom~k~e Cmxoil Rn}ncrmf0 C fclhbiig ia enxfih} clh rn}i~rmn} air

xfn rnaknmxoqn zrcmxoxoilnr + 2lh Nh, &Kilhil0 Gidcl Zcdn+ 3??4/

% Rnoh+ ]clhrc+ Fit xi hnqnkiz yi~r mfokh } e~}omck doax} clh xcknlx} + airntirh by Hilckh

C, EmGnkkcr &Mfomcdi0 Milxnezircry Biig}+ 2::3/

% ]okqnrecl+ Hcqoh+ Hiold s~ckoxcxoqn rn}ncrmf0 c zrcmxomck fclhbiig + 2lh

Nh, &Kilhil0]CDN+ 2::>/

Crxomkn

% Brclh+ Eclly clh Fi+ Tco%Mf~ld+ Mfolc rnmczx~rn} Fild Gild0 c }x~hy ia mfcldn air

e~}om nh~mcxoil Broxo}f @i~rlck air E~}om Nh~mcxoil &3???/ 310=+ 224%2=1

Olxnrqont

34


18/18

% Kce+ ]crcf+ &Olxnrqont by n%ecok/ 32 Ecrmf 2::6

% Ecl+ Xcld Zig+ &Olxnrqont by n%ecok clh E]L/ 24 Anbr~cry 2::6

Tnb}oxn

% Xfn iaaomock tnb}oxn ia Xfn Nh~mcxoil Mieeo}}oil+ Fild Gild,

Zridrn}} Rnzirx il xfn Nh~mcxoil Rnaire &8/+ 2::1 Cqcokcbkn arie

; fxxz0))ttt,n%m,nh~,fg)nld)rnaire)Zridrn}}.2:Rnzirx.2:&Nld/.2:2::1,zha

how has the school music education curriculum developed in hong kong 1945-1997?

Documents