how european is european identity? extent and structure of continental identification in global...

8/22/2019 How European is European Identity? Extent and Structure of Continental Identification in Global Comparison Using

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H E E Iy?

Extent and Structure of Connental Idencaon in Global

Comparison Using SEM

Jh R

No. 19 | November 2010

Working Paper


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2 | KFGWorking Paper No. 19| November 2010

KFG Working Paper Series

Edited by the Kolleg-Forschergruppe Th Tv P E

Th KFG W P S h h l h Kolleg-Forschergruppe y h

ll l. I h xh ll h x

h l xl E h E U.

All KFG W P ll h KFG .. l

-@-l..

Cyh h : Jh R

El : Jl S, F Ah, Thy Iz C Blh

R, Jh 2010: H E E I? Ex S Cl I

Gll C SEM, KFG W P S, N. 19, N 2010, Kolleg-Forschergruppe (KFG) Th

T P E, F U Bl.

ISSN 1868-6834 (P)

ISSN 1868-7601 (I)

Th l h y h G Rh F (DFG).

F U Bl

Kll-Fh

Th T P E:

Th E U h D I

Ih. 26

14195 Bl

Gy

Ph: +49 (0)30- 838 57033

Fx: +49 (0)30- 838 57096-@-l.

..


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How european is european identification? | 3

How European is European Identification?

Extent and Structure of Continental Identification in Global

Comparison Using SEM

Jochen Roose

F Uv B

Abstract

E h ly xl y h l h y h E

, y l l x y h ll

ll . All h xl ly h h

l x h l h

. Th l h h ll

Il Sl S P (ISSP) ll ly E .

Th l h h, ly, h x l E hh h

h . Sly, hy l h h h E

hly, l q l (SEM) h, h

l l ll . Aly, xl E

h ly h EU q y h . E

E ll . Cl l y h hE .

Th Ahr

Jochen Roose ly E h

F U Bl. H h h S C Bl

Sl Rh, h Uy J, h Uy Lz,

h h F U 2004. H h

ly E , ll ly, ll ly

h l h. C: jh.@-l.


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Cnts

1. I 5

2. Why Pl Iy h E - Thy 6

3. D 9

4. Cl I h Wl 9

5. E I T 12

6. S-Sl D Cl I 14

7. Cl 17

L 20


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1. I1

E , l l E, , y y , E.2

Aly, h E E . H,

l h l h h q: I

h E, x -l , h h h

? Th E U (EU) h q l h E

ly l ll y x x l

h E . Th, l x E ly

l ll .

Thh y h h l l E y h EU h E

lhh h ly h y h E , y

q h E E .

Th h E hy l

ly- l. I h x l h E U h

E , h l hly ( .. B 2006; Fh

l. 2009; Kl/K 2006; Khl 2000; ML 2007; N 2006; R 2007). A

h h ll y l ll y (E 1975; l

Fh 1999, 2002), h h. H, h h h lly

E. Exl h l h E U h h

y hh h l h

h. Wh l y l ll ly h

. Oly ll ll hh h E EU-

hh ll h l hh h

l, h ly h E y xl h ly h EU

.

Th l h q h ly h ll

. F, hh hl x l

E -h h

h l (2). A y h (3), h h ly

h ll h (4). Th h

l l E (5). Thy, hh h

1 Th h y y h Th

T P E, z y h Kll-Fh (KFG) Th T P

E, h h F U Bl. Th KFG y h G Rh F (DFG)

h h h h EU l xl l. F h

l l ...

2 E h h E y ( l). I

ly h l l h . Oh h E y

h h l E l E h h l( B/C 2000). H, I lly h h h

h .


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ll , y h -l ly, h l h

hh l . Th l ly h

l ll . H, hh h l

E l ly h EU ll, hh

h h h l h h l ll (6).

2. Why P Iy h E - Thy

T xl h x E h l qly h

h EU ly l h EU. Th y xl hy hhly ll

x hh ll l E h hy h

-h h l E y h h hl

E ll.

Th l h l. O h h h

l h h EU y h E. E

h EU l. Th h l l x hl

h E h l E . Flly,

h h E h h ll yl

l h l.

Thh ly h E y, y h E C (

3), h h h l h hh , l

hh h h E (D/M B 2009; Dh/F

1995; Fl 2008: 138). A l h h h l h

l E . Thy h h h h

h E hy h l h h

hl h :

the most privileged socioeconomic groups are the most European. Owners, managers, professionals,

and other white collar workers are more likely to think of themselves as Europeans than are blue-collar

workers or service workers. Educated people, regardless of occupaon, are also more likely to see

themselves as European, and young people are more likely to do so than older people, as are people

with higher incomes. All these groups have opportunies to interact with people from other European

countries(Fl 2008: 145; l .. Ill/Sh 1997: 34).

Th ly h l. Th l h EU l l

h l, hy l h ll

. Th l h l h h EU ( .. A/

Klhl 1996; Eh/Dl 2007; Gl 1998).3 I l l , h

hl ly , h h

3 Mhl O (Mhl/O 2006: 26) h Thy Pl Bh (Ajz 1991; Ajz/Fh

1980) h hl l h .


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y h h l ly h EU ( .. My 2004, 2007). Th EU l

h h l . A, h h

h h h y l EU l h

h hl x h h h EU. A h

h EU l, hl x h h h ly

h EU h hl h h , h h

l , l l x l , h l .

Ah h h x lly l.

A h , h q x l l

h l h hl E y. Th (Pl 1999;

l R 2010: 205; Sh 1997; Sh l. 2003) h l lly ly

h . I h l l h l

h EU l h (Fl 2008; M 2007; M l. 2008). Th hyh All (1954) h l (Hz 1990; Szzy/Uy 2002)

hl . A, h h EU l ly h h

U l hl x hh ll h

E ly, hl l h x y l h .4

Th y hh y EU

E y. Th E C l xh y

l , h , l, y l l . Th l-

-l j xh (INTERREG) l

h E y l E.

A h h E yl (Cll 1996: 270). F h

l , h l h yl

ll y (A 1991; H 1991; Hh/Sh 1994;

Sh 1991; Tlly 1975). A Gll (1968: 168) : Nl h

l-; h hy x. Th h h

h yl, l hl x, h, hhlh h hl

( h) h y. Thy h

, hh l h , h l h

, H (1983) ly h .

S h y h y h y h EU. F xl,

h EU h h Bh O Jy, hh lly ly h h

x. Th 9h My E Dy, R Sh h l 1950

4 Oh l y l ASEAN NAFTA l h x h h EU

. O h h h l h l

l . Th US-Mx , hh h j l h

(Mz 1998; P 1998; P 2007: 51). H, h l h l

lllly. Th, h hl ly l . Al, h h EU ll (hh lly), xl lly h EU

l l l, hh h lly h l l ll hl.


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E Cy Cl Sl hh lh . I y E

h l h . Th E h ly EU

yl (lhh lly h yl h Cl E).5 Th EU y y

l l h y ll yl . H, E hy

l h h ll h q l. A H

E Hy l l h h Bl h h xh. B h

h ll E hy l h l

E hy l hl yh y

l (K 2007; L 2009; S 2006). I h UNESCO My

h Wl, hh ll ll h hl ly ll l,6 we

l hh l l E ll, h ll E

yl h h l Bh Nh Syhy (hh l E

h O Jy). Th h hl ll E ll h

l l, h l , h h E hl y l (Zl 2006).

W h l x E lly E

x l l . A h l

h h EU, ll llly- y h EU h E

, hl x hh ll l h l

EU - E, ll h

h l h l h. Ally, hl x

l l y ly h E, h hhly

h l , h h l

ly h EU. Th l h h l l h

lly- l lly h h h l

. Th h EU ly hh l

l x h .7 Th, hl x h l y

h E EU , l l x,

-EU ( -EFTA) h .

5 Th EU y 92 E 91 l y h h yl h EU

(E 65). 33 E h h EU h h lhh hy

h (E 64). M, .. 41 h E, h h E Dy,

hy h l (E 62).

6 Sl- h W UNESCO j My h Wl.

7 Th E F T A (EFTA) E h l

h h h EU. Th l Ny, Il, Szl Lh.


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3. Data

Rh E h h E . Th

E (EB) y lly y h E C ll

( l ). I h y hly 1,000

(h h U K Gy Lx Ml). Th

y 1970 1976 hy l lly. B lly h

q h ly l h E

. A h h q h h , ly

ll. H, y hl l. Th h

h EB h q EU .8

Ah l q h : h Il Sl

Sy P (ISSP). Th ISSP y y h l. Th y 2003,

h l y, h 29 .9 Th q

l h : H l y l []? h h y

l, l, y l, ll l.10

By h l, l h -

h . G h ly. Pl

lz y l . I h l

z-z h y, hy h h y.

Pl y h l T (Gz/T 1996),

h Il S Cl O (ISCO-88) . Eh h y ll hl l y l .11

4. C I h W

Th q h . T hh h x

h hh EU h h EU, l h q

h l y l, l, y l l ll h . Tl

1 h h q y h EU h.

8 Thh h l h ly h, ll l lyz h l

E ( 5).

9 F l h y : h://..////y-//l-y-/

l-y/2003/; l 3 N 2010.

10 Th l h 1 l ll 4 y l, .. hh l hh

.

11 F , l , , y h y 100.


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Table 1: Feeling close to connent (ISSP, in %)

Cy C vy vy

N

A Europe 29,5 41,5 25,4 3,6 992D Europe 18,2 35,8 34,9 11,2 1255

Fl Europe 7,4 32,2 47,1 13,2 1211

F Europe 20,4 34,0 29,1 16,5 1522

Gy () Europe 10,2 46,9 36,9 6,0 401

Gy () Europe 13,3 47,9 33,1 5,6 803

G B Europe 4,5 22,7 41,2 31,6 813

Il Europe 10,8 33,7 38,6 16,9 1046

Pl Europe 26,0 41,9 25,7 6,4 1542

S Europe 17,3 60,6 17,2 4,9 1192

S Europe 14,2 34,5 41,8 9,4 1103

EU-15* 15,6 39,2 33,7 11,4

Czh Rl Europe 20,3 51,4 22,0 6,2 1204

Hy Europe 63,6 30,2 5,2 1,1 1007

L Europe 3,4 16,2 41,6 38,8 925

Pl Europe 19,5 43,5 32,3 4,7 1199

Sl Rl Europe 17,8 51,7 21,2 9,3 1047

Sl Europe 21,2 45,5 23,6 9,7 1057

EU-NMS-10 (2004)* 24,3 39,8 24,3 11,6

Bl Europe 32,4 40,1 17,7 9,8 950EU-NMS-2 (2007) 32,4 40,1 17,7 9,8

Ny Europe 19,7 40,2 33,0 7,1 1322

Szl Europe 20,7 58,3 18,9 2,1 1031

EFTA ( EU)* 20,3 49,3 26,5 4,6

R (E ) Europe 2,9 8,3 30,8 58,1 2039

E ( EFTA) 2,9 8,3 30,8 58,1

C Nh A 19,2 44,0 27,2 9,6 1031

U S Nh A 27,1 38,4 27,5 7,0 1165

Nh A* 23,1 41,2 27,4 8,3

Chl Sh A 36,0 36,5 21,6 6,0 1467

Uy Sh A 22,3 32,2 34,5 11,0 1089

Vzl Sh A 30,0 28,3 23,5 18,2 1162

Sh A* 29,4 32,3 26,5 11,7

Japan Asia 16,1 46,5 28,2 9,2 901

Sh K Asia 6,0 24,4 45,6 24,0 1286

Taiwan Asia 1,3 10,1 34,5 54,2 1827

A* 7,8 27,0 36,1 29,1

Sh A A 38,7 31,4 19,2 10,7 2357

Africa 38,7 31,4 19,2 10,7

*All h .


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Th ll h E ly h l h EU.

A h h h 30 h l y l E G B

h h ly 5 l y l E. T h

h (y l l), Pl hh h A, hl B h

h ll . Th h l h l EU-15

l y l 16 l y l l 55 .

Sx l h E 2004. A h h h y

hy y h EU h ly x

l l l. Th l h

64 (Hy) 3 (L) l y l E. Th h

l y l l 24 , hh hh h h j

h l . A h l h

EU , h l ll, lhh h h l xl.12

I h EFTA hh h EU ( h ISSP -) h

ll l l E l h h ll h EU-15 . Ey h

h l y l E h hl h l l l

E. O h l h h h , hh l EU

EFTA , l h h y l h EU

ly EU . H, h lh h hh

EU .

Fl l E ly l q R, h ly ll E y

hh h EFTA h EU. Oly 3 l y l E ly h 8

l l E. F h l l l h y

h E (l y l h EFTA ) h y l

h EU h . Th R h l h E h l .

H, R ly h y ll h l . A l E

h h l, h h lly.

Th hh ll l Sh A, h 39 l y

l A h 31 l l A. Al Sh A h

h y hh. I Chl, 36 l y l Sh A h 37

l l h . Th Vzl l (y l: 30 ,

l: 28 ), h h l l y l Vzl ll hh h y EU-

15 . I h EU, ly Hy, h xlly hh 64

l y l E,13 h h .

12 Dz M (2003) h h -h y h EU E h y-

h ly h l l xl .

13 A l q h h h EB. Pl h h hy l h E U ( E!) h h y h, ly h, y h

ll h. I Hy, h h h h l y h h E U y


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I l l h h l h l l. A

h y h l h T h R. I h h hl

h l l ll l . Oh hh h

h l ll l h h Il ( h Jh ll

h A) Sh K, l h EU. 32 h Bh ll l

l E 39 L y h hy ll l l E.

T h h h l l h E

lly h l h h EU y ly h E h l lh h

h .

B y h EU l , y l

y , hll h hyh h

.

5. E I v T

Th l y xl hy h EU h h () h

E y ll h h x ll . W l

h h EU ly h E h l l E

h h ll h 2003 y ly h l h . Th

l ll h l E xly l ll

l . I , h h l h h ly

E h hl h 20h y h . Oly E

h ly l h h h ll. Sll, h l

xl h ly l l l h

l h y l ly.

W h l h y h h h EU, h

E Cl Sl Cy, h ly 1950. H, hl

h h h h h EU h E

h h y l h . Th l j

h h C Dj l y h E C J 1979 h

y h E C ll h Wh P h l 1985

( .. P/B 1999: 60). Exh h ERASMUS INTERREG

h 1990. Th E h, h E Dy h E h 1985

1986 ly, h h M ly ll h y 2000. L, h hh l

h y y EU ly h 1990 h.

S h l hh h EU hl h h

h l (53.6 ). R Bl h 28.5 . Thh h q xlyh h ISSP, hh h EU E h j, h l

h l h xl Hy.


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h h 1980 h l, ly hl h ll

.

F h E h h l E . D

h l E h , h l h

y .

I h 1990 q hh h h h/h l h

h/h l E.14 F 1 h h l

h q.

Figure 1: Self Concept: European vs. Naonal 1992 to 2004

14 Th : I h , ll y yl h h Naonalityly, Naonality

E, E Naonality, E ly. Th h h hq, hl h l h h x h E

hl l h h h q.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

National

National + European

European + National

European

1.19

92

2.19

93

2.19

94

1.19

95

2.19

95

2.19

96

1.19

97

1.19

98

2.19

98

2.19

99

1.20

00

2.20

00

2.20

01

1.20

02

2.20

02

1.20

03

2.20

03

1.20

04

2.20

04


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I h y 1992 2004 h E .

A 40 h EU l, lhly 1996 2000, hl

ly h ly. M h h hl l h Nly h

l E h, hl ly hl E Nl, E

ly. A E , y h l ll

h l y h h E , .

Th l l h l h h q. I h EB

h hy l ly l l E, h h ,

l . Ch 1982 2005 h hh ly

1982 h l . I 1982, 17 h

h hy l E; 1992 h h ll 13 . By 2005 h

19 . I h h (l ) h h j ll. Th q,

h, l h h, l , l E h ly 1980. Rh, E ,

h q, h y l .15 Th, l h ly h h

x E h l l y l l

ll. I, l h h x E h EU l

E h h l l h l.

6. S-S D C I

TB h x l , l hl x

l -h h. A

(2), h h EU h hhly h hh l hl y h

E l x h l l , h h

, hl h l lly h y h

l . Th hl l h EU.

W h ISSP - 2003 h -

h l h h l . Ph l l l

h h ly l l.16

F 2 ly l h l. Th l , , ,

l h h l. S

h l x hhly l. O ,

15 S l h ly y Dh F (Dh/F 1995) h , ll Fl

(2008: 141).

16 D l h , h ll h

xl h ly: Vzl, T, N Zl, Sh A, Chl, Il, Al hPhl. Gy lyz ly E W.


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ly lly . Ally, x h ,

h x , l h l ll.17

Figure 2: Path Analysis for the Closeness Felt to Ones Connent: Theorecal Model

Wh hl x h h -

h l l h EU h EU? F,

hl x h l l h x h ll .18 Sly,

hl x h l h EU l h h .

Ily hh, l l ll h x h (

3). Th l y, hh l h h y h

l lyz.19

17 Th l h l h h l. Th

h h l l hl .

18 F h l h h ly, h h h l (ql

ly) ql ll , .. y l.

19 Th ll : RMR=0.021, GFI =0.982 (l hhl >0.95), AGFI=0.960 (>0.90), CFI=0.942(>0.90), NFI=0.932 (>0.90), RMSEA=0.013 (


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Figure 3: : Path Analysis for Closeness Felt to Ones Connent: all countries with xed eects

Th h l h l h l , hh

y h h . Ally, l l y h h .20 A h y l h h .

H, h h 0.1 % ll. A h l h

l hly N=25,000, hl h h ly hh

h ll. Th, q lly h h y

. Th y h E ( .. Dh/

F 1995; Fl 2008; Khl 2002). Wh l hh h h l

ll h h l.

T y h , l . Th l ll h

y EFTA . I h ll l lyz h h l, h ly 8 -EFTA

19 EFTA (h 20 l, Gy lyz ly E

W). T y l h hh h h l

l l h -EFTA h lyz h .

20 All h h 0.1 % ll ( 3).

Occupational

Prestige

Income

Age

Education

Male

Closeness

to Continent e1

e2

e3

e4

e5

e6

0,196

0,052

0,419

0,149

-0,021


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Table 1: Feeling close to connent (ISSP, in %)

Ml

EU-27

Ml

EU-15

Ml

-EFTA

RMR 0.024 0.023 0.061GFI 0.982 0.985 0.974

AGFI 0.963 0.968 0.946

CFI 0.942 0.950 0.919

NFI 0.929 0.938 0.909

RMSEA 0.016 0.019 0.030

Tl 2 h G F h l h l h

l EU-15 , h l h EU-27 h ll -

EFTA , h h x h l ll h hl l

. Th G F h EU-27 l qly h l

hh l h ll l. Th h h l h

h l lyz. Th l h h l EU (EU-15)

h h EU (EU-27). H, h G F h l

ll h -EFTA y ll lhly h h G

F h EU-27 h EU-15 . S h l h hl l ( F

2) h x -EFTA (hh C, J, R, Sh K, Uy h USA)

y l h l l EU .

Th h ly h h q lly h h h -h l

, , , EU l l h

h -EU . Th hl ll h y h EU

E y , h h h l EU-15 h.

7. C

Th EU q h h l. I h h lh

ll y. Th ll hl y

h l-y E z. Th l ly hl

x h ll l.

Th h l h E y l h h EU. H,

h l E l h h lh h h ly . Th l h h h h

lly E q l.

C x h l h l ll y l; RMR - R M Sq

Rl; GFI - G F Ix (l hhl >0.95); AGFI - Aj G F Ix (>0.90); CFI -

C F Ix (>0.90); NFI - N F Ix (>0.90); RMSEA - R M Sq E Ax

(


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I hy, y ll h h ll E E

h EU. Th EU h l y y lly

ll l ll ll E , ll lh

E yl. S EU h l hl,

h hhly h j, l l y .

C h l l x h EU l y

ly h E h z lh h h .

Th h . Th ll h h h h ll l

l ll . Th y

h l h h . O , hh ll

l E h h h h hh

l y ly h h , Hy, Sh A, Chl

Vzl, .. h EU.

I , h - l

E h . All h l l h hh , hh , hh

l h l hh , l l h

. A l E .

Th l h l hll h l xl

h E. Th h xl E, l , y

l h E h h l h. I l l hl x hh ll h E hl

( ly h ly l)

EU h. Th h . Ply, h l l

, l hh l , hh h h hl (.

B/G 2004; Hz 1990; Hl 2002; M 2006; Szzy/Uy 2002). Th

lz, y Ilh (1970) Dh (1961), h

.

Th l l. Fly, xl h E hl

l l h . A h

l, h h E h h EU

l h hh l ll h l.

Sly, l zzl h h h EU l. A h E

l h h EU, E hl

l xl h h EU. I h l h EU hh l

E h hh h h l.

Thly, h E l h , h

l q. E , h EU


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EU l ( .. Fh l. 2009; R 2007), l . Th

z lly E y l ly l. E

j z h h EU, h E

l , ll ly l h ll ll l

ll E . I , h h y

yl y hl h h l .

Th h y l, hh h lly, h

lly h EU. Aly, h EU hl h

h ll hh lly .

Flly, h E y , , h E , hl

h y h EU. S hh h EU x y

ll h l h q E .


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L

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Easton, David1975: A R-A h C Pll S, : Bh Jl PllS 5, 435-457.

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how european is european identity? extent and structure of continental identification in global...

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