how do you assess emergent literacy?
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How Do You Assess Emergent Literacy?. Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 2 – Barr, R. et. al., (2007) Reading diagnosis for teachers: an instructional approach . Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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How Do You Assess Emergent Literacy?
Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 2 – Barr, R. et. al., (2007) Reading diagnosis for teachers: an instructional approach. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc.
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Reading Dimensions of Early Readers
• Phoneme Awareness• Sound of Written Language• Concept of Story• Alphabet Knowledge• Letter-Sound Knowledge• Word Awareness• Sight Vocabulary• Decoding Ability• Spelling Ability• Contextual Reading
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Assessments for Emergent Readers
• Storybook Reading Procedures• Alphabet Knowledge• Letter-sound Knowledge • Developmental Spelling Knowledge• Word Awareness• Phonological Awareness Assessments– Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS)
• http://pals.virginia.edu/– Yopp Singer Test of Phoneme Segmentation– Dynamic Indicators and Basic Literacy Skills (DIBELS)– Illinois Snapshot of Early Literacy (ISEL)
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How Do You Assess Decoding Issues?
Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc
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Decoding• Decoding involves four processors:–Orthographic (letter) –Phonological (sound)–Meaning –Context
• Observing which processors a student is using to decode a word can help a teacher plan appropriate instruction
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Decoding Tests• Use IRIs, observations, interviews and word list
tests to verify decoding issues• Published tests and surveys:
• Word Patterns Survey (Appendix A)• Syllable Survey (Appendix A)• Beginning Phonics Skills Test• Phonics subtest of the Diagnostic Assessments of
Reading (DAR)• Core Phonics
• Be wary of tests only using nonsense words• Be wary of spelling-only tests for decoding
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• Analyze the test results:–Does the reader use context?–Does the reader use phonological clues?–Does the reader know basic phonics?
Decoding
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How Do You Assess Comprehension?
Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc
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Comprehension• Difficult to assess because of the number of
factors involved:– Background knowledge– Vocabulary knowledge– Lack of strategies– Lack of decoding/fluency– Lack of attention– Inadequate language development– Lack of developed thinking skills
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Comprehension Assessments• Retelling– To assist in grading, have a check list of important
details that the student should mention in the retelling
• Think-Alouds– Use before, during and after reading– Look for student’s ability to use strategies to
assist comprehension• Questionnaires and Interviews– Ask students to assess what they do while reading
(See example survey on page 134 in Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties)
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• Observations– Construct an observation checklist to determine
what you are looking for• Anecdotal Records– Look for behaviors in a variety of settings– Look for successes as well as failures
• Background Knowledge– Assess by having students write down in 1-3 minutes
all the words they can think of relating to a key word in the story
Comprehension Assessments
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How Do You Assess Vocabulary Knowledge?
Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc
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Vocabulary Knowledge• Assess listening, speaking and reading vocabulary– Doesn’t always require an additional test – can be
done through previous observations, interviews or analysis of IRIs
• Low vocabulary/ high comprehension = a possible language difficulty
• High vocabulary/ low comprehension = the student has the potential to read better, but is:– Not using effective reading techniques or strategies– Or may have cognitive processing issues
• Attention problems, weak strategies, visual processing problems, etc.
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Standardized Tests of Vocabulary
• The following tests assess vocabulary in context using a modified cloze:– Degrees of Reading Power
• http://www.questarai.com/Products/DRPProgram/Pages/default.aspx
– Diagnostic Reading Scales– Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests
• http://www.pearsonassessments.com/HAIWEB/Cultures/en-us/Productdetail.htm?Pid=WRMT-III
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How Do You Assess Study Skills?
Unless stated otherwise the content of this section is based on Chapter 5 – Gunning, T.G. (2010) Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston, MA.: Pearson, Education, Inc
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Study Skills• Assess study skills through methods similar to
those for assessing comprehension • Look at student performance on tests and
quizzes that require home preparation• Assess students’ habits, attitudes, motivation
and the strategies that they use…– Sample interview questions are on page 137
in Assessing and Correcting Reading and Writing Difficulties