how difficult can this be?
TRANSCRIPT
How Difficult Can Reading Be for Students with
Exceptionalities? (Grades PreK-5)
Maria Reyes, University of Central Florida, Exceptional Education
Caroline Pratt Marrett, University of Central Florida, Exceptional Education
February 10, 2021
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1 Provide an overview of common characteristics of reading difficulties
Discuss how coexisting disabilities or other conditions may impact the learning process for students with reading difficulties
Gain a better understanding of the challenges students with exceptionalities face when learning to read
Share evidence-based strategies that promote reading skills and reduce learning barriers
“You can find magic wherever you look. Sit back and relax all you need is a book!” – Dr. Seuss
“Once you learn to read, you will be forever free.” — Frederick Douglass
“The whole world opened up to me when I learned to read.”– Mary McCleod Bethune
“Reading without reflecting is like eating without digesting.” – Edmund Burke
In the chat, write the name of a favorite book you enjoyed reading when you were in elementary school or middle school?
Reading difficulties begin early
Preschool:
• Can't tell the difference between letters and squiggles
• Can't recognize own name
• Only says a small number of words
• Doesn’t like rhyming games and can’t fill in the rhyming word in familiar nursery rhymes
• Has difficult pronouncing words (may confuse words that sound alike)
Kindergarten:
• Can't tell the difference between the sounds that make up a word (phonics)
• Slow to name familiar objects and colors
• Can’t remember the names and sounds of the letters
• By the end of kindergarten, can’t write most of the consonant sounds in a word (it’s normal for vowels to be missing until later)
1st and 2nd grades:
• Has trouble pronouncing new words and remembering them
• Has trouble blending sounds together to say words
• Says reading is easier for classmates
• Falls way behind classmates
• Can't figure out unknown words
• Avoids reading
• Resists reading aloud
2nd and 3rd grades:
• Starts to withdraw
• Has some troubling behavior
• Seems to guess at unknown words
• Does not get meaning from reading
C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital (April, 2018)
And, there may be
coexisting disorders
or disabilities
Difficulty Focusing
• Unable to use selective attention
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Right vs Left brain
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Perception
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RSsoTJA6cA
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Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Can you decode?
fi d n e rfriend
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i d n f e r
How about this one?
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s
t a s i m d
amistad
Brain Connections• Red Blue Green Black Blue Green Red
Black Blue Red Green Black Red Blue Green Red Blue Black Blue Red GreenBlue Red Green Black Blue Green Black
• Red Blue Green Black Blue Green RedBlack Blue Red Green Black Red BlueGreen Red Blue Black Blue Red GreenBlue Red Green Black Blue Green Black
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28 words
28 words
Copy this sentence. You have 30 seconds
The moon shone brightly through the window and cast light on all of the various objects the old woman had collected throughout her life.
19. Number of words you wrote
Experience decoding problems
b bd
p20. Dyslexia: Mirror Image
It is much more than that• I was one of the “puzzle children” myself – a
dyslexic … And I still have a hard time reading
today. Accept the fact that you have a problem.
Refuse to feel sorry for yourself. You have a
challenge; never quit!”
Nelson Rockefeller
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Copy this sentence. You have 45 seconds
The moon shone brightly through thewindow and cast light on all of thevarious objects the old woman hadcollected throughout her life.
Please stand up when you are done copying
Decoding/Encoding Problems
“Comeo n.” SaipB ets y. “w ehav e to di cku qth is c or n.” W eqonthavea not her cano fqodc orn.” “A rew egoi ngt oea tdob c or n that sqeeno nt heflo or? As keq Sus an. “Wec anwas hit,” B ets yans we reb. “That ‘sa goobiq ea, sa ip Sus an. Wec an was hit. Thech ildrenw entt ow ork. Bet sqyqut thec or nin tw oqigdans toqutitintheoven.
Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Reading Comprehension Difficulties
Reading is an extremely complex skill that requires among others the ability to:
• Recognize symbols
• Decode a message
• Create a mental picture of the message
• Relate message to previous information
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Vocabulary words
a example methods lines
tangent write equations determination
curve techniques chosen required
simple through point calculus
plane differential desired make
analytic geometry possible line
equivalent passing slope identify
Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Read to yourself and answer on your paper
A simple example of the techniques of differential geometry is the determination of the tangent to a
plane curve at some chosen point on the curve. The procedure is equivalent to selecting—from all the
lines passing through the chosen point—that line which has the same slope as the curve at that point.
The methods of analytic geometry make it possible to write algebraic equations for the curve and for a
line passing through the desired point and any nearby point on the curve; the methods of the calculus
identify the line that has the required slope.
• Summarize
_______
Number of words in your summary statement
Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Choral Reading
A marlup was poving his kump. Parmilly a narg horped some whev in his kump. “Why did vump horp whevin my frinkle kump? The marlup jufdthe narg. “Er’m muvvily truncy,” the narg grupped. “Er hesked vumpnorpled whev in you kump. Do vump povve your kump frinkle?”
Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Answer the following questions:
•What was the marluppoving? ______________________
•What did a narg horp in the marlup’s kump? __________________
A marlup was poving his kump.
Parmilly a narg horped some whev
in his kump. “Why did vump horp
whev in my frinkle kump? The
marlup jufd the narg. “Er’m
muvvily truncy,” the narg grupped.
“Er hesked vump norpled whev in
you kump. Do vump povve your
kump frinkle?”
Rosen, P., Lavoie, R. D., Eagle Hill School Outreach., Peter Rosen Productions., & PBS Video. (2004). How difficult can this be?: Understanding learning disabilities : frustration, anxiety, tension, the F.A.T. city workshop. Alexandria, VA: Artwork PBS.
Strategies and Solutions
General Classroom Strategies
Provide a framework for learning; teach in context
Model processes and strategies
Provide ample opportunities for practice and application.
Teach self regulation and monitoring
Have a class structure and routine; organization is key
Simplify the task
Color Overlays & Dyslexia Fonts to Improve Reading
Color Overlays
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Dyslexia Fonts to Improve Reading, Simon-Elliott Blake (2020)
Associative strategies
Make it fun
Helpful Assistive Technology Tools
• Apps for Learning Disabilities
• Apps for Pronunciation
• Apps for Reading
• Color Contrast Overlays
• Color-coded Manuals, Outlines, and Maps
• Electronic Book (e-Book) Readers
• Electronic Dictionaries
• Literacy Skills Development
• On-Screen "Ruler" / Strip
• Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Systems - Scan
• Portable or Handheld Readers
• Reading / Highlighting Products
• Reading Pen
• Recorded Directives, Messages, Materials
• Screen Magnification and Screen Reading Combined
• Screen Magnification Software
• Screen Reading Software and Training
• Smart Pens
• Text Reader
• Word Processing Software
The Job Accommodation Network (JAN)
