4-1: Launching a New Nation

4-2: The Birth of Political Parties

How did President Washington set the course for the new nation?How did two political parties

emerge?

Anticipatory Set

Who is this man? What do these symbols stand for?

California StandardsSocial Studies Standard 8.3.4: Understand the conflicts between Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton resulted in the emergence of two political parties.

Social Studies Standard 8.3.5: Know the significance of domestic resistance movements and ways in which the central government responded to such movements.

California StandardsSocial Studies Standard 8.4.1: Describe the country’s physical landscapes, political divisions, and territorial expansion during the terms of the first four presidents.

Reading Vocabulary 8.1.1: Analyze idioms, analogies, metaphors, and similes to infer the literal and figurative meanings of phrases.

Inputinauguration: a ceremony in which

the President takes the oath of office.

precedent: an example to be followed by others in the future.

bond: a certificate issued by a government for an amount of money that the government promises to pay back with interest.

Inputspeculator: people who invest in a

risky venture in hope of making a large profit.

unconstitutional: contrary to what is permitted by the Constitution.

tariff: a tax on imported goods.faction: a well organized political

group.

InputThe First Presidency

Congress and the President chose people to run the institutions created by the Constitution. Congress passed laws creating 3 departments for the executive branch:

Treasury Department State Department War Department

Each department would be lead by a secretary appointed by the President.

InputSecretary of State

Thomas Jefferson was appointed the first Secretary of State by Washington.Jefferson was responsible for managing relations withforeign countries.He was a strong supporter of the French Revolution.Jefferson supported states’ rights.

InputSecretary of the Treasury

Alexander Hamilton was appointed the first Secretary of the Treasury by Washington.Hamilton was responsible for developing a plan to solve the new nation’s financial problems.He supported a strong federal government.Hamilton believed the U.S. should maintain a strong alliance to the British.

InputSecretary of War

Henry Knox was appointed the first Secretary of War by Washington.Knox was Chief Artillery Officer for Washington during the Revolutionary War.He is famous for ending the siege of Boston by hauling cannons 300 miles, over mountains, from upstate New York to Boston during the winter of 1775-76.

InputAttorney General

Edmund Randolph was appointed the first Attorney General by Washington.Randolph introduced the Virginia Plan at the Constitutional Convention.He proposed the establishment of a national court system at the convention.Randolph succeeded Jefferson as Secretary of State when he resigned in 1793.

InputHamilton’s Financial Plan

The federal government owed millions of dollars but lacked money with which to pay its debts.Alexander Hamilton proposed a three-part

plan to address the economic crisis.1. The U.S. government would fully assume all federal and state debts.2. The government would charter a national bank for depositing government funds.3. The government would impose a high tariff on goods imported into the country.

InputThe Whiskey Rebellion

When Pennsylvania farmers rebelled against a federal tax on whiskey, President Washington responded with armed force. In 1791, Congress imposed a tax on all

whiskey made and sold in the U.S.Many farmers organized protests and refused

to pay the tax. In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled,

burning down the home of a tax collector.Washington sent 13,000 troops to stop the

rebellion.

InputRepublicans Against Federalists

Believed people should have political power

Favored strong state government

Emphasized agriculture Favored strict interpretation

of Constitution Were pro-French Opposed national bank Opposed protective tariff

Believed wealthy and educated should lead

Favored strong central government

Emphasized manufacturing, shipping, and trade

Favored loose interpretation of Constitution

Were pro-British Favored national bank Favored protective tariff

InputThe Election of 1796

The 1796 election gave the United States a Federalist President and a Republican Vice President.

John Adams, a New Englander, had been Washington’s Vice President. Thomas Jefferson, a Virginian, received the second-most votes and became Vice President. Serious tensions developed between the two parties over the next four years. Northern states supported Adams while Southern states supported Jefferson.

RC InputReading Vocabulary 1.1: Figurative

Languageidiom: a common expression in which the

words don’t really mean what they say.When you read an idiom, think about what the

writer has described. Try to picture the image, and then fit it into the sentence content.

simile: a comparison between two basically unlike things (like, as, or resembles).

The comparison in a simile helps the reader to imagine the description more fully.

EXTENSION

Write a detailed SUMMARY of the section and complete the UNANSWERED QUESTIONS section of your notes.

Choose two of the remaining Depth & Complexity ICONS in your notes and explain how they relate to this section.