how accurately does cyan represent cyanobacteria cell
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HowaccuratelydoesCyANrepresentcyanobacteriacellcountsinOregonLakes?
VictoriaAvalos1,DanielSobota1,2,SteveHanson2,BrianFulfrost2,PanYangdong1,EugeneFoster1,21PortlandStateUniversity,ESMDepartment;2OregonDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality
ThankyoutotheOregonDEQforprovidingfundingforthesondes,totalalgaesensors,andfortheguidanceandexpertise.Iwouldalsoliketothankthe EdwardD.andOliveC. Bushby Award atPortlandStateUniversityforprovidingmewithascholarshipthatmadethisresearchpossible.ThankyoutothePan- Foster- Edwardslabgroupandmypeersforguidingmethroughtheplanningprocessformyresearchandmuchmore.AndthankyoutoGeoffreyLeeforthecontinuedsupport.
Acknowledgements1. Carpenter,S.R.,Brock,W.A.,Cole,J.J.,Pace,M.L.(2014).Anewapproachforrapiddetectionofnearbythresholdsinecosystemtimeseries.Oikos.123:290- 297.2. EuropeanSpaceAgency.(n.d.).IntroducingSentinel- 3[webpage].RetrievedMay18th 2018,fromhttps://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-33. Jacoby,J.M.,Kann,J.(2007).TheoccurrenceandresponsetotoxiccyanobacteriainthePacificNorthwest,NorthAmerica.LakeandReservoirManagement.23(2):123-143.4. OregonHealthAuthority(OHA).(n.d.)AlgaeBloomAdvisoryArchive[webpage].RetrievedMarch5th 2018,fromhttps://www.oregon.gov/oha/PH/HEALTHYENVIRONMENTS/RECREATION/HARMFULALGAEBLOOMS/Pages/archive.aspx5. Paerl,H.W.,Paul,V.J.(2012).Climatechange:linkstoglobalexpansionofharmfulcyanobacteria.WaterResearch.46(5):1349- 1363.6. Schaeffer,B.A.,Bailey,S.W.,Conmy,R.N.,Galvin,M.,Ignatius,A.R.,Johnston,J.M.,…Wolfe,K.(2018).MobiledeviceapplicationformonitoringcyanobacteriaharfulalgalbloomsusingSentinel-3satelliteOceanandLandColourInstruments.
EnvironmentalScienceandModeling.109:93- 103.7. Scheffer,M.,Bascompte,J.,Brock,W.A.,Brovkin,V.,Carpenter,S.R.,Dakos,V.,...Sugihara,G.(2009).Earlywarningsignalsforcriticaltransitions.Nature.461(3):53- 59.8. Wilkinson,G.M.,Carpenter,S.R.,Cole,J.J.,Pace,M.L.,Batt,R.D.,Buelo,C.D.,Kurtzweil,J.T.(2018).Earlywarningsignalsprecedecyanobacterialbloomsinmultiplewholelakeexperiments.EcologicalMonographs.88(2):188-203.9. WorldHealthOrganization(WHO).(1999).Fieldwork:siteinspectionandsampling.InI.Chorus&J.Bartam (Eds.),ToxicCyanobacteriainWater- Aguidetotheirpublichealthconsequences,monitoring,andmanagement(pagesofchapter).
NewYork:.E&FNSpon.
References
1. DoesCyANaccuratelymeasurecellcountsinOregonLakes?• VerificationofCyANappcalculatedcountsversusphysicalcellcounts
2. Howwelldosatellite-deriveddatacomparewithinsitumeasuresofcyanobacteriaharmfulalgalblooms(cyanoHABs)?• ComparisonofCyANderiveddatatosondecollecteddata;benefitsand
limitationstoeach3. HowwellcantimeseriesanalysisforearlydetectionofcyanoHABsbe
appliedtosatellitedata?• Applyearlywarningdetectionmethodstoreal-timedata• Istherethepossibilityofsubstitutingreal-timedatawithCyANor
satellitedata
ResearchQuestionsandObjectives
FieldVerification• WeeklygrabsamplestakenandpreservedfromJune21st toSeptember21st
forcellcountenumerationandandtaxaidentification• Sondesplacedineachlake,recordingdissolvedoxygensaturation,pH,
temperature,andspecificconductance,chlorophyllconcentrationsandphycocyaninasrelativefluorescence(RFU)
• MonthlyspatialanddepthintegratedanalysisofbothlakesEarlyWarningSignalQuickestdetectionmethodwillbeusedforanalyzingchangesinlag-1autocorrelationandstandarddeviationin14and21dayrollingwindowsofchlorophylla,phycocyaninRFU,anddissolvedoxygenbetweenthetwolakes(Scheffer etal.2009;Carpenteretal.2014;Wilkinsonetal.2018).
CyAN
StudyLocation Preliminary/ExpectedResults
CyanobacteriaTaxaIdentification• Identifyandanalyzetaxathatarepresentineachlake• Lookforchangesincommunitycompositionsbeforeblooms• DoesCyANfavoraspecificspecies?Cyanobacteriacellcounts• Cellenumerationsforsamplesatbothlakes• Statisticalanalysis/comparisontoCyANderivedcellcountsandEarlywarningdetection• Ifcellcountsareaccurate,applycellcountsfromCyANtoearlywarning
detectionmethoddescribedinWilkinsonetal.(2018)• Ifcellcountsarenotcompatible,tryusingspectralshapeorothersatellite
derivedpatterns• DohistoricalcellcountsfromCyANshowthesamepatternsofdetection?
NextSteps
TheCyanobacteriaAssessmentNetwork(CyAN)isanandroidmobileapplicationcreatedbytheEPA(Figure1).ThisappusessatelliteimageryfromEuropeanSpaceAgencySentinel-3satelliteOceanandLandColourInstrumentandSeaDASsoftwaretocalculatecyanobacteriacellcounts(cells/mL).Littleverificationhasbeendoneontheapp,especiallyinOregon.Schaefferetal.(2018)performedaverificationusingCyANreportedcellcountsandOHAcyanoHABadvisories(Figure2),howevertherearenoverificationsofcellcounts.Limitations:• Minimumsurfaceareaof300mx300mwithoutshoreline(Schaefferetal.
2018)• Cloudcoverage,smokefromwildfires,solarreflectioncaninterferewith
output• Doesnothavetheabilitytodetecttoxinlevels/speciesidentification
Figure3.WatershedsofOdellandCrescentsshowninred(a),andtheirlocationinOregon(b).OdellIstheNorthernmostlakeandwatershed,whileCrescentlakeistheSouthernmostlakeandwatershed.
Figure2. AverificationoftheCyAN applicationonOdellLakebycomparingsatellitederivedcyanobacteriaabundanceresultswithpresence/absenceofanOregonHealthAuthorityBloomadvisoryfromSchaefferetal.2018.
MaterialsandMethodsFigure5. ThemeanandstandarddeviationofcellcountscalculatedbytheCyAN appforbothlakes.Thecellcountspeakat403,168±243035cellspermillileterforOdellonJuly23rd,2019(a).ThesondeslocatedinOdellandCrescentLakerecordedconcentrationofchlorophylla(b),relativefluorescenceofblue-greenalgae(c),percentsaturationofdissolvedoxygen(d)andpH(e)every15minutes.ValuesforOdellLakeareshowningreenandvaluesforCrescentlakeareshowninblue.
CrescentLake(reference)
OdellLake(experimental)
Area(km2) 14.9 13.9
Elevation(m) 1,475 1,459
MaxDepth(m) 81 86
Landcover
EvergreenForest(83%)Developed(0.08%)
EvergreenForest(80%)
Developed(1.01%)
Inlet SummitLake Trapper Creek
Outlet CrescentCreek OdellCreek
cyanoHAB NoRecordedHistory
RecentOHARecreationalAdvisories
Table1.Comparisonofthetwostudysites,CrescentLakeandOdellLake.
Figure4.CrescentLake(left)andOdellLake(right)onJuly23rd/24th,2019duringthepeakbloomatOdell,accordingtoCyAN app(a).Dolichospermumhasbeendetectedingrabsamplestakenfromthisday(b).
Figure1. SchematicofhowtheCyAN applicationusesSentinel3OceanLandColour Instrument(OCLI)datatocalculatecyanobacteriaabundance,usingcalculationsinSchaefferetal.(2018).
a.
b.
ContactInformationVictoriaAvalosMasterofScienceStudentEnvironmentalScienceandManagementPortlandStateUniversityvavalos@pdx.edu
d.C.
a. b.
e.