harmful algal blooms cyanobacteria occurrence, consequence and management bednarek -...
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Designed by M. Łapińska
Harmful Algal Blooms – Cyanobacteriaoccurrence, consequence and management
Joanna Mankiewicz-Boczek, Ilona Gągała, Liliana Serwecińska, Aleksandra Jaskulska
Fot.
Ilona
Gąg
ała
Fot.
Ilona
Gąg
ała
Fot. Wojciech Frątczak
Fot. Ilona Gągała
Exceeding the limits for eutrophication
The occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms - consequences :
Parameters favoring the formation of
cyanobacteria-dominated blooms
=T (18-25°C), pH (6-9)
TN > 1.5 mg/L; TP > 0.1 mg/L; TN:TP < 15 , DN > 1.,5 mg/L; DP > 0.06 mg/L, slow water
mixing
=
Degradacja ekosystemów wodnych
Fot. Ilona GągałaLow water quality•Low transparency• Low oxygen concentration• Toxins production:•Hepatotoxins (microcystins, nodularyn)•Neurotoxins•Cytotoxins•Dermatotoxins
Occurrence of cyanobacterial bloom – consequences:
Are produced by toxigenic cyanobacterial strains
Symptoms of exposure to microcystin: allergic reactions, rash, fever, diarrhea, vomitinganemia, acute liver damage, liver cancer, colon cancer
HEALTH RISK
HEPATOTOXINS
ümicrocystins (-LR, -RR, -YR and the other variants, above 80)
ünodularins
NEUROTOXINS
üanatoxin-a
üanatoxin-a(s)
ühomoanatoxin-a
üsaxitoxin
üneosaxitoxin
üafanatoxin
CYTOTOXINS
ücylindrospermopsins
DERMATOTOXINS
ülyngbyatoxin-a
üaplysiatoxin
(Chorus & Bartram, 1999; Mankiewicz et al., 2003; Codd et al. 2005; Žegura et al., 2011)
CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS
Increase knowledge about cytotoxic and peptidase inhibitory activities of other compounds than main group of cyanobacterial toxins
(Falconer, 2007; Bubik et al., 2008; Sedmak et al., 2008; Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., 2011, Štĕpánková et al., 2011)
Accumulation in aquatic animals
(Xie et al., 2007)
Shrimp Palaemon modestus (Lake prawn), Lake Chaohu, China, June 2003 daily intakes reached 0.57 mg MC-LR equiv. kg-1 bw (Chen and Xie, 2005)
TDI (tolerable daily intake) value suggested by WHO 0.04 mg kg-1 bw per day for MC-LR (Chorus and Bartram, 1999)http://opencage.info/pics/
Palaemon_paucidens.asp
Human adult weighing 60 kg, who ingests, on average, 429 g Si. glanis, 123 g C. auratus, and 222 g Cy. carpio from Lake Suwa will be above TDI limit.
, Japan
Density in groundwater wells in Abha city, Saudi Arabia (Mohamed and Shehri, 2009)
Occurrence of cyanobacteria in groundwater and accumulation
in cultivated plantsas a result: infiltration near water bodies, rainfall events or irrigation of plants
Circular fields © Robb Kendrick
Agriculture near Tabuk
Desert irrigation. (Irrigated wheat fields in Najd,Saudi Arabia. Water is tapped from deep fossilreserves (underground wells) and fed throughlarge rotating booms.
100-g edible leaves and roots would contain from 11 to 36 g MCYSTsIt is about 5 –18 times the recommended daily MCYST intake from drinking water
(Mohamed and Shehri, 2009)
Polish water bodies (since1996)occurrence of microcystin-producing Cyanobacteria
JeziorakSiecino
Sulejów
Zegrzyn
Trzesiecko MAZURY:Niegocin, Jagodne,Szymoneckie, Szymon, Kotek, Tałtowisko
Bytyńskie
Sławskie
BnińskieMalta
Jeziorsko
Biały Bor
Biala Rwaska
Barlewickie
Dobromierz
Siemianowka
Polska
Lubosińskie
Czarnocin
Turawa
Goczałkowice
Dobczyce
ŁÓDŹ:ponds &
Sokołówka
Brody
Wióry
Tarczynska et al., 2001, Wat. Sci. Tech. Water Supply 2001, 1, 237-246Jurczak et al., Chromatographia 2004, 59, 571-578Mankiewicz et al., Envirin. Toxicol. 2005, 20, 499-506Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Pol. J. Ecol. 2006, 56, 171-180Palus et al., Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health 2007, 20, 48-65Izydorczyk et al., J. Plankton Res. 2008, 30, 394-400Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Environ, Toxicol. 2011, 26(1): 10–20Mankiewicz-Boczek J. et al. 2011, Harmful Algae, 10: 356-365.Mankiewicz-Boczek J. et al. 2012, FEMS Microb. Lett. 326: 173-179.Gagala I. et al. 2012, Fresenius Environ. Bull. 21(2): 295-303.Gągała I. et al. 2014, Microbial. Ecol. 67(2): 465-479.Mankiewicz-Boczek J. et al. 2015, Open Life Sciences 10: 106–116.Mankiewicz-Boczek J. et al. 2016, Microbial Ecology, 71(2): 315-325
2002
20011999
Sulejów Reservoir
2003
Microcystis bloomsin SU
Fot. Izydorczyk, Skowron
Fot. Ilona Gągała
2012
Sulejów Reservoir
20112008
2014
Microcystis bloomsin SU
Fot. Skowron, Gągała, Frątczak
Fot. Ilona Gągała
Ø IDENTIFICATION of key abiotic (physico-chemical)parameters affecting the development of toxic cyanobacterial blooms
Ø METHODS ELABORATION for monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria (application of molecular methods for risk assessment and early warning system)
Ø IDENTIFICATION of the impact of biotic parametersand interactions on the trail: cyanobacteria / cyanophages / bacteria / cyanoabcterial toxins / other organisms
Ø DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS for better assessment of the overall threat from cyanobacterial blooms (cellular biosensors for detection and evaluation of novel mechanisms of noxious bioactivity of cyanobacteria
Activities in the field of cyanobacterial research
Izydorczyk et al. 2008 Internat. Rev. Hydrobiol.
Białko reporterowe (lucyferaza)
Substancje wywołującestres oksydacyjny
Substancje stanowiącewzorce obcości Substancje o charakterze
trwałych zanieczyszczeńśrodowiska
Substancje zaburzająceszlaki endokrynne
NFKBRE
ARE
AHRE
GRE
Ø OPTYMISATION of biological structure of Pilica river floodplain for selfpurification enhancement and REDUCTION of diffusive and point sources pollution in the Pilica basin
Cyanobacterial monitoring
Spring/SummerDetermination of physico-chemical parameters including nutrients concentration: P-PO4, TP (>0.1 mg/l*), N-NO3, N-NH4, TN (>1.5 mg/l*) Chlorophyll a (> 10 μg/l**) Phytoplankton analysis
Occurrence of Microcystis, Planktothrix, Anabaena Detection of toxigenic (potentially toxic) strains of cyanobacteria
PCR amplification of mcy genes(polymerase chain reaction)
Occurrence of microcystinsApplication of screening tests:determination of microcystins concentration – ELISA(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)determination of microcystins toxicity – PPIA (protein phosphatase inhibition assay)
Confirmation of microcystins if ELISA showed > 2.5 µg/l Quantitative and qualitative analysis of microcystins – HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography)
Transdisciplinary interpretation of results Following the first and second principle of Ecohydrology, the identification of cause-effect relationshipwith comparative studies of the lake/reservoir typology, hydrochemistry, phytoplankton diversity and water toxicityare fundamental for developing a strategy to reverse eutrophication.(Zalewski 2000; Wagner et al. 2009)
Note: * critical values for eutrophication recommended by OECD (1983); ** relatively low probability of adverse health effect recommended by WHO (2003)
Proposed integral procedure of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria monitoring for bathing water quality
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Stężenie mikrocystyn [ug/L]
Biom
asa
[mg/
L]
Biom as …
Mankiewicz-Boczek et al. in Chorus[ed.], 2012, Current approaches to Cyanotoxin risk assessment, risk
management and regulations in different countries.Mankiewicz-Boczek in Zalewski M., Urbaniak M. [eds.] 2012. Adaptation of ecohydrological system solutions and biotechnologies for Africa.
Designed by M. Łapińska
HydrologyHydrochemistry
Ecological sucessiondriver
ladyinlodz.blox.pl
Assesmentof threats
Photo by I.Gagala
Objectives of ecohydrology
Strategy elaboration
forCost Efficiency
Restoration
Designed by M. Łapińska
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[mg/
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Critical level for occurence of
cyanoabcterial bloomsGEOCHEMICAL BARRIER
Elaboration of system solutions
(www.geoportal.gov.pl)
Demonstration zone in Zarzęcin: reduction of groundwater POLLUTION WITH PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, by strengthening the plant ecotone zone with geochemical barrier based on limestone.
www.ekorob.pl
Designed by M. Łapińska
Izydorczyk et al. 2013, Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology
Increasing the efficiency of the buffer zoneby incorporation of geochemical barrier
www.ekorob.pl
Phos
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ater
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befor barrier after barrier
lowconcentration of phosphatesin groundwater
high concentration of phosphatesin groundwater
groundwater levelreservoir river
+38%
Stormwater inflowin to SBS
Enhanced sedymentation zone
Outflow purifiedstormwaters
Geochemical barirere enhanced by geotextile curtains
Biofiltration zoneFiltering bedregeneration system
EH: Sequential Sedimentation-Biofiltration System (Zalewski 2008)
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
Kiedrzyńska E., et. al. (in preparation).
Limstone zone Coal zone Sawdust zone1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase
Wetland with macrophytes
monitoring stationsregeneration system -
Sequential Biofiltering System for improvement efficiency small WWTP based on sequence of limestone, coal, sawdust and constructed wetlands
Sequential filtration of pollutants Biological treatment of pollutants
Outflow
from WWTPto the SBS
Outflowof purifiedWW to the river
I II III IV
Mean TP reduction: 26%Max. TP reduction 76%
Mean TN reduction: 48%Max. TN reduction 97%
(Kiedrzyńska E. et al., in preparation)
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517www.arturowek.pl
The final effect of implementation of Ecohydrologyfor enhancement ecosystems services in small urban catchment (Jurczak, Zalewski in preparation)
The recent ecological andrecreational status
Good water qualityof recreational lake
SSBS
The Past
Thank you for your attention