How 3 Estates, 1 Tennis Court, and 2 Phases of a Revolution

Created France

4.5 | The French Revolution

The French Feudal System

The Three Estates First Estate – No taxes,

owned 10% of the land, collected tithes (10% of 3rd estate’s income)

Second Estate – “struggling” after Richelieu and Louis

Third Estate

18th century French economy

Issues with Equality in Society

The third estate’s diversity

The Bourgeoisie’s desire

Status , privilege, political rights

What is the Third Estate?EverythingWhat has it been until now in the political order? What does it want to be?Nothing

Something

Abbé Emmanuel

Sieyès

The French Financial Crisis

Royal spending – Marie Antoinette

The American Revolution

Economic downturn Extreme poverty

Shoe makers cannot afford leather to make shoes

Tax collectors are “bloodsuckers of the nation who drink the tears of the unfortunate from goblets of gold”

The courts are “vampires pumping the last drop of blood” from the people

“20 million must live on half the wealth of France while the clergy… devour the other half”

Tensions Boil - 1788

France goes bankrupt Bankrolling American independence Mismanagement of funds Public outrage

Louis XVI calls the Estates General together to discuss the situation Each estate had a vote

The Estates-General 1789

Purpose and function Third estates wanted

“each head to count” Locked door

The Tennis Court Oath

The National Assembly

Support for the National Assembly

Grows Louis begins pulling armies from the

frontiers closer to Paris

The National Assembly sees this as an imminent threat

The Storming of the Bastille 14/7/1789

National Assembly at Versailles 800 Parisians panic about armies

Result

Aftermath

The National Assembly vs. Louis XVI

Phase One – Panic and Action The National Assembly (1789-1791)

The Declaration of the Rights of Man Liberty, property, security, and resistance to

oppression EVERY Frenchman could do anything

“according to virtue and talents” Taxes waged according to “ability to pay”

Parisian women march on Versailles The King returns to “cooperate”

New Constitution, New Government

National Assembly presses on Church controlled by state

Constitution passed 1791 Limited monarchy

Issues – Louis doesn’t like this France/Austria relationship Absolute monarchies and their view

Border patrols increase along French border

Stop the “French Plague”

Catherine the Great burns Volaire’s work Britain denounced the rebellion Fear of democracy Louis XVI tries to escape Prussia and Austria threaten to

intervene to protect French Monarchy Economic downturn, political upheaval,

and the Republic – 1792

Radicalism Grows

Division, and the Jacobins

1792 – France declares war on Austria, then Prussia, then Great Britain On and off fighting

until 1815

1793 – Louis XVI’s fate

The Reign of TerrorMaximilien Robespierre

For security’s sake

40,000 executions 16,000 by guillotine

Republic of Virtue

The Revolutionary Army

Swelled to over a million troops

Defended and expanded the Republic Victories over the

Monarchies

The “people’s” army

1794

Robespierre

Execution

End of the Terror

The Directory

A kind of Congress

Corrupt

Coup d’etat Napoleon Bonaparte