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Household Waste

Management and Resource

Recycling in Taiwan

Ying-Ying Lai Deputy Director, Department of Waste

Management, Taiwan EPA

2015

2015 International Conference on Waste Management

Ying Ying Lai Education Background

Institute of Natural Resources Management, National Taipei University

(2004-2007) - Master

Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung

University, (1981-1985) - Bachelor

Working Experience(present) Department of Waste Management, EPA(1992– 2009,2010 – )

• Experience in waste management of Waste Recycling,

Household Waste and Industrial Waste.

• Special policies or programs has participated including

Extended Producer’s Responsibility, Recycling Fund

Management, "Four-in-One" Recycling Program, source

reduction programs, Environmental Science and Technology

Parks, Industrial Waste Report and Tracking System,

construction & demolition waste, Sustainable Materials

Management program.

Department of Supervision Evaluation & Dispute Resolution ,EPA

(2009–2010)

Department of Water Quality Protection ,EPA (1988 –1992)

Current Position: Deputy

Director of

Waste

Management

Department,

EPA Taiwan, ROC

Speaker

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Foreword

EPR & Four-in-One Recycling

Program

5R Related Programs

Future Prospects

OUTLINE

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Energy imported > 98%

Mineral imported > 80%

Food imported > 70%

Natural Resources Deficient

(Urbanization： 78%)

(Taipei City：9,956 person/km²)

Population: 23 millions

Area: 36,000 km²

Population density: 624 person/km²

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Strategies：5R

─ reduction

─ reuse

─ recycling

─ recovery

─ reclamation

Goals in 2016：

– Garbage reduction, 70% (based on the largest amount in 1998)

– Recycling rate, over 60 %

Strategies and Goals

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From Past to Present

Riverside Landfill

Garbage War Incinerator

Landfill

Garbage Truck Open Truck Garbage Box

Main

Auxiliary

Past Present

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Municipal Solid Waste

(MSW) Disposal Plan MSW Disposal Plan

Review and Prospects

of Waste Disposal Programs

1984 1991 2003

Landfill Incineration (Main)

Landfill (Auxiliary)

Resource Recycling &

Resource Circulating

Construction Plan for Solid Waste Resource

Recycling (Incineration) Plant

Measures for Encouraging Publicly or Privately Owned

Organizations (BOO/BOT) to Construct and Operate Incinerators

1991

1996

Four-in-One Recycling Program 1997

Per-Bag Trash Fee in Taipei 2000

Bulky Waste Recycling 2003

Mandatory Garbage Separation 2005

※21 Incineration Plants of Public Owners (Planning 22 plants, finishing 21 plants)

※5 Incineration Plants of Private Owners (Planning 15 plants, finishing 5 plants)

EPR Introduced 1988

Food Waste Recycling 2001

Sustainable Material Management 2010

Revolution of MSW Management

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EPR & Four-in-One

Recycling Program

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Extended producer’s Responsibilities

Producers shoulder physical and financial responsibility of

recycling post-consumer products in most EPR programs in

the world.

Producers only need to pay recycling fees to Taiwan EPA.

TEPA then uses the fees to subsidize collection and

recycling.

EPR Principle

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Recycling

system

Responsible

Enterprises

recycling fee Paid Subsidy

Fee

Review

Committee

Supervisory

Committee

Fund

Management

Board

Operation of Recycling Fund

Management

audit and

certification Check

manufacturers

and importers

of recyclable

containers and

articles

Recycling

enterprises

Collection

enterprises

Local Government

School

non-governmental

organization

Sales place

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2002- Fluorescent tubes

2007-Keyboards, circular

fluorescent lamps, etc.

2008-HID lamps

2001- Announcing printers as recycling articles

2013-Tablet computer, external hard

disk, cold cathode lamp, etc.

33 recycling items

Regulated Recyclable Wastes

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Producers designated by EPAT shall mark

articles or the packaging and containers

thereof with recycling labels.

PET HDPE PVC LDPE

PP PS Other

Regulated Recycling Label

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Container or dry batteries

install collection facilities ,display

collection-point marks at stores

and take back waste returned by

consumers.

Home appliance

take back used appliances from

consumers when purchasing new

appliances.

Lamp

sellers must accept used lamps at

no charge from the public.

Vendors Responsibilities

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Four-in-One Recycling Program

To be paid by

responsible enterprises

To subsidize the

recycling and disposal

system

To transport resources

and waste separately

Part of the revenues

feed back to general

public

Recycling

Fund

Local

Government

Community

Residents

Recycling

Industries

(1) Community Residents (2) Recycling Industries

(4) Recycling Fund (3) Local Government

To purchase waste

resources from the public,

communities and local

government

To form Community- based

Recycling organization

To Promote separation of waste

and recyclable

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5R Related Programs

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Waste Minimization Toxicity Minimization

Restriction on Plastic

shopping Bags and

Disposable Tableware

Restriction on mercury

and cadmium content of

batteries

Banned Mercury

Thermometers

Restriction on Excessive

Packaging

Source Reduction

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Bulky items

– 15 used products repaired centers

– Unwanted furniture repaired and sold as second-hand products

– The rest, used as fuel or compost

Second-hand goods exchange platform

– Link to auctions, sales and flea markets

– Goods including books, clothes, furniture,

bicycles, appliances etc.

Reuse

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Recyclable wastes Recycler Product

Food Waste

Incineration Fly ash Landfill

Bottom ash

Repair

Recycling Energy

Recovery Source

Reduction

Bulky Item Product

Framework of Separation, Recycling and Disposal

Trash

Animal Feeds

Biomass energy

Compost

Human

Activity

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Expect regulated recyclable waste, items that Municipal sanitation fleet also recycle are

No Recycling Fee

– Paper

– Iron

– Aluminum

– Glass

– Plastic

– CDs

– Cell Phone & Charger

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Purchase sorted resource waste from scavengers,

communities, schools, organizations

resource waste sorting for various material

scavengers , recyclables

dealers

Local government EPB Recycling truck collects recyclables after garbage truck on recycling day

Community, school,

and NGO

Retail vendors regulate 11 categories of vendors

should Install recycling facility for

collecting containers, dry batteries,

and wasted tube lights.

Treatment plant Sorting

Recycling

industries

Recycling System

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Sorting

Recycling industries

After the sorting, recyclables is sent to various recycling plants

according to the materials of containers or articles for recycling

Treatment plant

Steel plant, Aluminum plant

Plastic recycling plant

Glass plant

Paper plant

Waste

articles

Scrap iron and

aluminum

Waste paper and

paper container

Waste plastics

Waste glass

Shredder plant (wasted cars and household appliances)

Articles treatment plant (wasted tires, and dry batteries)

Recycling plants

of various materials

Recycling System

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5. 處理廠 Recycler

3. 清潔隊 Municipal sanitation fleet

2. 回收點

Community Collection Spot

6. 再生料 Recycled Material

4. 回收商 Collector

1. 資源垃圾 Recyclable Waste

Recyclable wastes recycling

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Source Collection Recycling

Household

Fruits & vegetables

Market

Restaurant

Garbage truck

Collection Point

Self-collected

Compost Plant

Pig Farm

Energy Recovery

Community

Compost

Food Waste Recycling

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Most of the recyclable wastes collected

by MSW sanitation Fleets.

Mandatory Separating garbage into 3

categories

– Keep trash off the ground

– A warning will be issued for the first non-compliance. A penalty of NT$1,200 -6,000 will be imposed on the second violation.

Further Reduction

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Per-Bag Trash Fee in several areas

– Pay as you throw

– Per-Bag trash fee is NT$ 0.36/L ; however, collect

recyclables and food waste for free

– Waste volume 67%down, recycling volume 48%up

Further Reduction

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Meet the requirements of garbage

treatment and provide electricity

Total treatment

volume 6.35Mt

Provide 3.13 billion degrees of electricity

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incineration plants

Energy Recovery

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MSW Generation Trend

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Analysis of MSW Treatment

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10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Year

Incineration Recycable Wastes

Landfill Food Waste recycled

Bulk Waste Recycled

%

44.92

43.28

9.78

1.13

0.89

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Mandatory charge from producers

The integration of existing recycling

systems

Economic incentives to citizens and

MSW sanitation fleets

Complementing recycling market

for marginal profitable wastes

Continuing conducting public

environmental education, especially

on campus

Keys for Successful Operation

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Sustainable Materials Management

Main Scheme

Reduce supply risk

Increase the efficiency in production

Create resource-efficient consumption

Improve circular resource management

Build MFA decision making tools

Past： Now：Resource Circulating

Maximizing

resource efficiency

End-of-pipe

treatment

Minimizing

impacts on the

environment

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Final

Disposal Waste

Use & Re-use

Final

Disposal

Recycling

Products Energy

Materials

Recovery

Waste

Resources

Collection

From Waste Management to SMM

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Thank you for your

attention