Hot spots detection by a micro-satellite UNIFORM-1

50cm

~50 kg

Challenge for wildfire detection with a micro-satellite “UNIFORM-1”

Toru Kouyama (t.kouyama@aist.go.jp), Soushi Kato, Geoinfomation science team members (AIRC, AIST)

Lansat-8~2,000 kg

Wakayama univ.

AIST(Tsukuba)

Send commands

UNIFORM Satellite operation

Data receive

AIST data server

We are not only data user,but also data provider :)

Data publish& Analises

Data processing

UNIFORM-1 has been continuously operated since its launch in 2014, though we lost its attitude control completely. (Cameras are still working well)

UNIFORM-1, the first test satellite for a wildfire monitoring constellation program, “UNIFORM”

Three satellites planned, but only one satellite launched..

Launch: 2014. 05.24

Wakayama Univ.

Bolometer(BOL), non-cooled thermal infrared imager

Wavelength: 8-14 μmNETD: 0.12K @ 300KGSD: 160 m @ 628 kmFOV: 100 x 75.4 km

“Shutterless”

Wavelength: 0.4-1 μmGSD: 86 m @ 628 kmFOV: 110 x 88.2 km

[Yamaura et al., 2014]

Visible camera(VIS), guiding camera for BOL

Examples of wildfires/hot spot detections

Wildfires

VIS

Smoke

2015.10.08 Mozambique

10 km

2015.08.23, , AngolaN10.1°, E20.1°

1 km

冷たい 熱い

撮影日 9月28日 12:02頃(JST)

撮影日 9月29日 12:21頃(JST)

©UNI FORM

©UNI FORM ©UNI FORM

©UNI FORM

Examples of wildfires/hot spot detections

Visible camera Thermal infrared

Visible camera Thermal infrared

Mt. Ontakeeruption, Japan

2014. 09. 27

9/28

9/29

UNIFORM-1 provided the thermal images earlier than other satellites,demonstrating small satellite’s good ability of immediate detection.

Volcano eruption

Examples of wildfires/hot spot detections

和歌山大学プレスリリースより

Volcano activities

Volcan, Wolf

Lava flow?

Coast line

2015.06.17Galapagos Islands

Mt. Raung

Crater

2 km

2015.10.18Java island

UNIFORM Browser○Free & Open data publishing service

UNIFORM Browser

http://legacy.geogrid.org/uniform1/index.html

TIR Browser (integrating many TIR sensors)

UNIFORM-1, the first test satellite for a wildfire monitoring constellation program, “UNIFORM”

Thermal camera- 8-12um- ~180 m/pix

Guide camera- Visible range- ~90 m/pix

Three satellites planned, but only one satellite launched..

11

Example of constellating observation

From Yosemite National Park HP

Yosemite wildfire event in Sep. 2014Cause: Stroke of lightning (2014.09.04)・The fire widely spread due to northward strong

winds after 09.07.・Square of burned area：2020 ha (=20.2 km2)・Several tens of people were rescued by a helicopter.・Total cost from the fire damage: ＄3.9 million

(Yosemite National service reported)

2 km

Example of constellating observation

12

Satellites which observed the Yosemite event

Name sensorWavelength

(μm)GSD(m)

Repeatcycle(day)

TerraASTER/TIR(Band 13)

10.25-10.95 90 16

Landsat-8TIRS

(Band 10)10.6-11.2 100 16

UNIFORM-1 BOL 8-12 180~ 14

13

Observation date

Date Satellite/Sensor Day/Night

09/03 Landsat-8/TIRS Day

09/04 Landsat-8/TIRS Night

09/07 UNIFORM-1/BOL Day

09/11 Terra/ASTER Day

09/11 Landsat-8/TIRS Night

09/12 Landsat-8/TIRS Day

09/16 UNIFORM-1/BOL Day

Fire occured

Fire spreading

14

Landsat-8/TIRS: 9月4日 (夜)

6.5 < > 9.0

TOA Radiance [ W m-2 sr-1 μm-1]

5 km

15Cool < > Hot

UNIFORM-1/BOL: 9月7日 (昼) 5 km

16

Terra/ASTER: 9月11日 (昼)

8.5 < > 13.5

TOA Radiance [ W m-2 sr-1 μm-1]

5 km

Landsat-8/TIRS: 09.04 (Night)

5 km

UNIFORM-1/BOL: 09.07(Day-time)

Terra/ASTER: 09.11(Day-time)

Time sequence of Yosemite wildfire event

Only UNIFORM-1 could catch the spreading phase of the fire

Combining information from observations of different statesthe spreading speed can be measured to be 1 - 2 km/day.

Summary• We have operated “UNIFORM-1” satellite• Even three satellites can provide much information of various

phases of the wildfire!→More satellites should provide more useful information.

• Small satellite can contribute for detecting and monitoring wildfires same as large satellites.

©NASA

AI/CNN approach will be essential for this big data