honkela. lagus & kanner: parallel conceptual spaces and systems in health and wellbeing domain...
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Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Timo Honkela, Krista Lagus & Antti Kanner University of Helsinki
26.8.2016
{first.second}@helsinki.fi
Conceptual Spaces at Work 2016Sodertörn University, Sweden
Parallel Conceptual Spaces and Systems in
Health and Wellbeing Domain
PRE-FINAL VERSION
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Background
Neural networks
Self-organizing maps
Cognitive modeling
Analysis of social phenomena
Symbolic AI
Language technology
Terminology
Polysemy
Conceptual spaces
Wellbeing informatics
Language philosophy
Pragmatics
Emergentrepresentations
MorphologyEmbodiment
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Basic question
Terminology
PolysemyLanguage philosophy
Pragmatics
Is the understand andexperiences gained
outside Westernmedical research
useless whenhealth and wellbeing
are considered?
With an interest inworld cultures
Could integrationtake place in
the framework ofConceptual Spaces?
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Kuhnian revolutions orComplementary Systems?
● In conceptual change literature, a widely used example includes a step from the earth-centric into the sun-centric model
● From a socio-cognitive point of view,the alternative models co-exist
● Educated people consideredin their scientific world view thatthe earth rotates around the sun, but they also mention expressions like ”sun rising” and ”sun setting” in their everyday talk
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Keeping up a selection of conceptual systems
● Socially and individually we can operate using different conceptual systems
● We can select a system that serves best the task at hand
● Human cognitive capacity can bea limit but through collaborationdifferent systems can be entertainedand benefited from
● Furthermore, big data and machine learning methods can support handling the complexcollections of conceptual systems
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Points of view represented throughVoronoi tessallations
Honkela, Janasik, Lagus,Lindh-Knuutila, Pantzar & Raitio (2010) Cf. Gärdenfors (2000)
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Conceptual spacesof health and wellbeing
● We discuss a variety of societal and individual practices related to health and wellbeing with the help of Conceptual Spaces
● This is work in progress: We do not, for instance, aim to present immediately a collection of quality dimensions that would link all the discussed topics
● We do, however, consider it important to consider the strengths and shortcoming of different health-related approaches and suggest steps to do so in a meta-analytic manner
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Some concepts related tohealth and wellbeing
● Disease● Measured
physiological state● Observed
psychological state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional
treatment and medication
● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced
physiological state● Experienced
psychological state● Low- or high-
dimensional pathcorrection or treatment
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Intellectual and culturalframeworks related to health and wellbeing
● Western medicine– Diagnostic focus in laboratory
– Treatment focus in use of medicines and surgery
● Classical Indian (Ayurvedic) medicine– Diagnostic focus in external observation– Treatment focus in preventive actions and
”food as medicine”
● Classical Chinese medicine– Diagnostic focus in external observations– Treatment focus in preventive actions and lifestyle
changes
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Separate but interrelatedconceptual spaces
● The conceptual spaces that underly the three different framework do not seem to be straightforwardly mappable to each other
● Some dimensions of one framework are missing from another
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Potential limitations in the effectivenessof Western medicine
● Forms of classical medicine are mostly neglected● Potentially relevant treatments cannot become part of
canonical body of medical knowledge until the link is established– E.g. effect of sound (music and Alzheimers) and
touch (treatment of premature babies)
– the effects are recognited scientifically but the conceptual system does not include all essential components
– reseach, education and collecting empirical experience are not supported by the conceptual framework
● Western medicine pays in a limited manner attention to preventive care and effects of lifestyle
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Information proceduresin healthcare
● Which pieces of information (quality dimensions) are communicated and how?
● It seems that the active system of quality dimensions used has a strong influction on professional and educational communication
● For instance, a medical doctoral may be very well aware of the clear beneficial effect of exercise on the survival of a cancer patient but he/she does prescribe exercise as a treatment not only because it is not yet customary but because the related concepts do not belong to the repertoire of medical conceptu system
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Towards methodology that wouldintegrate conceptual systems
● In statistical natural language processing it is a very common practice to train a model based on the context with which items like words are associated
● In a similar manner, if suitable data is available, previously unknown conceptual systems could be made explicit
● Essential ingredient would be to consider health and wellbeing related concepts in a very high-dimensional space
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
High-dimensionalconceptual spaces
● At best, the quality dimensions involved can be associated with each other using unsupervised learning– Raitio, Vigário, Särelä & Honkela (2004).
Assessing similarity of emergent representations based on unsupervised learning. Proceedings of IJCNN 2004, pages 597-602.
● Algebraic representation can be based on high-way tensors or those flattenet to matrices
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Hypothetical data
● Disease● Measured physiological
state● Observed psychological
state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional
treatment and medication● etc.
● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced physiological
state● Experienced psychological
state● Low- or high-dimensional
pathcorrection or treatment
● etc.
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Hypothetical data
● Disease● Measured physiological
state● Observed psychological
state● Diagnosis● Low-dimentional
treatment and medication● etc.
● State of wellbeing● Symptom● Experienced physiological
state● Experienced psychological
state● Low- or high-dimensional
pathcorrection or treatment
● etc.
Includingcontent and
context
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Potential direction
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
GICA:Grounded
Intersubjective Concept Analysis
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Timo Honkela, Juha Raitio, Krista Lagus, Ilari T. Nieminen, Nina Honkela, and Mika Pantzar.
Subjects on objects in contexts: Using GICA method to quantify epistemological subjectivity.
Proceedings of IJCNN 2012, International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 2875-2883, 2012.
Publication:
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Case: State of the Union Addresses
● Text mining is used in populating a Subject-Object-Context tensor
● This took place by calculating the frequencies on how often a subject uses an object word in the context of a context word– Context window of 30 words
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Analysis of the word 'health'
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
This is whyunsupervised learningis betterin most casesin comparisonwith supervised learning
Human-made categories cannotsimply be taken as a ground truth
There are even a large number ofwell grounded category systems, none of which has an objective status
Kuhn
Local … global
Honkela, Lagus & Kanner, Conceptual Spaces @ Work, Södertörn University, 26.8.2016
Thank you for your attention!